Background: People were infected with Cysticercus by either eating Taenia solium eggs from the environment or from proglottids in intestines. These eggs hatched to larvae in muscular and cerebral tissue, which causes specific symptoms. \r\n', u'Objectives: To determine symptoms of human cysticercosis. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: Clinical and para-clinical processes were conducted on 30 cysticercosis patients, of which 21 were male (70%) and 9 female (30%).\r\n', u'Results and conclusion: The main symptoms were headache in 29 patients (96.7%), subcutaneous cysts in 28 patients (93.3%), epilepsy in 14 patients (46.7%), positive ELISA (antigen of T.solium) with samples in 28 (93.3%) and positive ELISA with CSF samples (73.3%), living cysts in the brain were discovered in 25 patients (83.3%) by CT scanner and eosinophylia in 24 patients (80%). Cysticercus nodules were collected from 28 patients in this study; the species were identified by molecular method. A portion of 652 bp of mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase b (cob) and 217 amino-acid was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence was comparatively aligned with the known corresponding sequences of Taenia solium Chinese (TsoCN1). Molecular-based analysis revealed that the Cysticercus from the patients in this study was identified as Taenia solium. There is absolute nucleotide and amino-acid similarity between Taenia solium Chinese (hemogeny 99.1-99.8% of nucleotide and 100% of amino acid).\r\n', u'
Cysticercosis ; diagnosis

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral Sarpogrelate hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic arterial ischemia of the lower extremities.Methods In this study 892 patients,who suffered from arteriosclerosis (ASO) or thromboangiitis obliterans ( TAO ) or diabetic foot ( DF ),with symptoms of intermittent claudication, sensation of cold, pain, ulcer, and without a history of vasotransplantation or bypass grafting or interventional therapy, were treated by taking Sarpogrelate hydrochloride tablets 100 mg tid for consecutive 8 weeks.The improvement rate of concomitant symptoms and the total effective rate of ASO, TAO, DF were evaluated.Drug adverse reaction were recorded.Results The improvement rate of intermittent claudication,sensation of cold,pain and ulcer were 96.9％,97.1％,89.0％ and 86.9％ respectively.The total effective rate for ASO,TAO,DF was 83.5％.A total of 81 cases (9.1％) reported mild side effects,including 7 patients with mild rash after 2- 5 days' medication,21 patients with mild nausea and 53 patients with stomach discomfort after 1 - 2 days' medication.Symptoms were managed conservatively without discontinuing taking sarpogrelate hydrochloride.Conclusions Sarpogrelate hydrochloride oral is a safe and effective therapy for chronic arterial ischemia diseases of the lower extremities.

Water pollution in developing countries continues to be a major health problem due to various anthropological activities that contribute to the spread of many parasitic diseases, including those caused by helminths. The aim of this study is to explore the ability of ozone and peroxone to disinfect drinking water contaminated samples with Toxocara canis eggs. The oxidants used were ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide combination. The treatment of Toxocara canis eggs was carried out in a 50 ml reactor with an operating volume of 10 ml. The pH conditions (5, 7 and 10) were varied for each treatment. The treatment effect was calculated by counting eggs and examining the condition of the larvae larval condition (whole, broken and hatched larvae) using an optical microscope. The experiment was carried out by exposing the eggs for 60 and 120 minutes to ozone and peroxone. The best results were obtained for helminths treated with the ozone/hydrogen peroxide combination at pH 10, with an inactivation of 79.2%. The synergistic effect of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide allows higher helminth egg inactivation rates, demonstrating that advanced oxidation processes are a real alternative to apply in the inactivation of Toxocara canis eggs. The results obtained in this study show that the ozone and peroxone treatment could be a useful disinfection process to destroy or inactivate Toxocara canis eggs in processes commonly applied in water treatment.

Objective To evaluate the anthelmintic property of Saba senegalensis (A.DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae) (S. senegalensis) on Haemonchus contortus that is traditionally used in Burkina Faso for its gastrointestinal parasites treatment. Methods The lyophilized aqueous decoction of leaves of S. senegalensis at concentrations of 0.10, 1.00, 3.00, 10.00 and 15.00 mg/mL was used on eggs and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus collected from gastrointestinal tract of small ruminant. Results The LC

A 23-year-old female residing in a village of Cao Bang Province, North Vietnam, visited the Hospital of Hanoi Medical University in July 2013. She felt dim eyes and a bulge-sticking pain in her left eye for some days before visiting the hospital. In the hospital, a clinical examination, an eye endoscopy, and an operation were carried out. A nematode specimen was collected from the eye of this patient. The body of this worm was thin and long and measured 22.0x0.3 mm. It was morphologically suggested as an immature female worm of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. By a molecular method using 18S rRNA gene, this nematode was confirmed as A. cantonensis. This is the first molecular study for identification of A. cantonensis in Vietnam.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Eye/parasitology ; Eye Diseases/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Strongylida Infections/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Vietnam ; Young Adult

From 2006 to 2010, hospitals in Hanoi treated 10 human patients for dirofilariasis. The worms were collected from parasitic places, and identification of the species was completed by morphology and molecular methods. Ten parasites were recovered either from the conjunctiva (n=9) or subcutaneous tissue (n=1). The parasites were 4.0-12.5 cm in length and 0.5-0.6 mm in width. Morphological observations suggested all parasites as Dirofilaria repens. Three of the 10 parasites (1 from subcutaneous tissue and 2 from eyes) were used for molecular confirmation of the species identification. A portion of the mitochondrial cox1 (461 bp) was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 95% and 99-100%, respectively, when compared with D. repens (Italian origin, GenBank AJ271614; DQ358814). This is the first report of eye dirofilariasis and the second report of subcutaneous tissue dirofilariasis due to D. repens in Vietnam.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics ; Dirofilaria repens/anatomy & histology/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Dirofilariasis/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology ; Eye/*parasitology ; Eye Diseases/parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Parasitology/methods ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Skin Diseases/parasitology ; Subcutaneous Tissue/*parasitology ; Vietnam

A 26-year-old man residing in a village of Thai Nguyen Province, North Vietnam, visited the Thai Nguyen Provincial Hospital in July 2008. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and extracted 5 small nematode worms by himself half a day before visiting the hospital. Two more worms were extracted from his left eye by a medical doctor, and they were morphologically observed and genetically analyzed on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. The worms were 1 male and 1 female, and genetically identical with those of Thelazia callipaeda. By the present study, the presence of human T. callipaeda infection is first reported in Vietnam.
Adult ; Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Eye Diseases/*parasitology/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Phylogeny ; Spirurida Infections/*diagnosis/*parasitology/pathology ; Thelazioidea/anatomy & histology/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Vietnam

To know the infection status of helminths in primary schoolchildren of southern parts of Vietnam, we performed an epidemiological study in Krong Pac district, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. A total of 1,206 stool specimens were collected from ethnic Ede schoolchildren in 4 primary schools in 2015 and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. In addition, stool cultures were done by the Harada-Mori method to obtain hookworm larvae and then to clarify the species of hookworms infected. The results showed that the helminth infection rate was 25.0%, including 2.0% Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.33% Trichuris trichiura, and 22.8% hookworm infections. The average intensity of infection was 102.0 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) for Ascaris, 36.0 EPG for Trichuris, and 218.0 EPG for hookworms. ITS1 gene sequences of the hookworm larvae were identical with those of Necator americanus (100% homology) reported in GenBank. It has been confirmed in this study that the hookworm, N. americanus, is a dominant helminth species infected in primary schoolchildren of a southern part of Vietnam. Public health attention is needed for control of hookworm infections among schoolchildren in surveyed areas of Vietnam.
Ancylostomatoidea* ; Ascaris ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Eggs ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Feces ; Helminths* ; Hookworm Infections ; Humans ; Larva ; Methods ; Necator americanus ; Ovum ; Prevalence* ; Public Health ; Trichuris ; Vietnam*

As the progress of vascular surgery, artificial vessels have become the substitute for large and middle diameter vessels but have not for small diameter ones owing to thrombogenesis and occlusion within a short period of time after being applied. Artificial vessel endothelialization is one of the ideal methods to resolve such issue and has been improved continuously since Herring in 1978 put forward this term in the first time and utilized vascular endothelial cells (ECs) harvested from living animals to perform the test of artificial vessel endothelialization. However, human endothelial cells show little adhesion to the currently available vascular graft materials and some expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts have shown only 10%+/-7% endothelial cell attachment rate (ECA, ie, attachment of ECs when incubated in vitro). Moreover, when the graft is exposed to pulsatile blood flow, a high proportion of cells are washed off from the lumen. Maximum cell loss occurs in the first 30-45 min after exposure to pulsatile flow, with up to 70% of cells lost. After that, a slower exponential loss occurs over the next 24 h. The lack of retention of cells could be partly overcome by sodding, but other techniques, involving engineering the lumen to improve ECA and endothelial cell retention rate (ECR, ie, retention of ECs when the grafts are exposed to pulsatile flow) have been developed. These include shear stress preconditioning, electrostatic charging and, above all, most successfully to date, precoating with EC specific adhesive glues that are mostly found in the extracellular basement membrane of blood vessels. The commonest are chemical coatings, preclotting, chemical bonding, and surface modifications.
Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Cell Adhesion ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Female ; Fibronectins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Laminin ; chemistry ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Prognosis ; Prosthesis Design ; Pulsatile Flow ; Risk Assessment ; Stress, Mechanical ; Treatment Outcome

To prepare the oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of GBE50, balance solubility method was used to screen emulsifier and assistant emulsifier; a pseudo-tamary phase diagram was used to prepare microemulsion; and orthogonal design was used to optimize formulation. Self-microemulsifying efficiency, dissolution, stability and pharmacokinetics of the preparation were studied. As a result, GBE50-SMEDDS of IPM, Cremophor EL, 1,2-propanediol and GBE50 could be self emulsified to form stable microemulsion with particle diameter between 20 and 50 nm when emulsifying with water. Its self-microemulsifying efficiency and dissolution are quick with good stability and it has a higher bioavailability than market existing agents Xingling particles. GBE50-SMEDDS is stable and effective.
Biological Availability ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods