Adult ; Age Factors ; Athletic Injuries ; epidemiology ; Blood Group Antigens ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; education ; statistics & numerical data ; Physical Education and Training

OBJECTIVETo study age and educational level and their relationship with fall-related injuries in Shanghai and to analyze the relevant costs.

METHODSMultistage cluster sampling was used for the selection of participants and standardized questionnaires were used for the information collection in 2006. Information on cases and deaths caused by fall-related injuries were obtained from 494 hospitals as well as from the mortality registry systems from 2001 till 2010.

RESULTSOf 45 857 participates, 674 suffered from fall-related injuries with the largest proportion among all injuries. The fall-related mortality increased from 10.63 per 100 000 in 2001 to 14.11 per 100 000 in 2010. The under-five mortality rate was the highest among children aged 0-14 years. Mortality increased dramatically among those aged 55 or above for the female and aged 60 or older for the male. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school were more likely to suffer fall-related injuries, accounting for 72.66% of all deaths and 49.24% of nonfatal cases respectively. The annual burden of fall-related injuries equated to 25.90% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in 2006.

CONCLUSIONFall-related injuries were inversely related to victims' educational level. Children under the age of 5, women over 55 years old and men over 60 years old with an educational level lower than the primary school are the most risky groups of populations for intervention measures.

Accidental Falls ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo characterize DNA-PKcs and Ku70 expressions in hepato- and cholangio-neoplastic tissues and the association with the degree of malignancy and invasiveness of the tumors.

METHODSThe expression of DNA-PKcs and Ku70 was examined in 47 cases of hepato- or cholangio-neoplasm by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSKu70 was expressed in all of the neoplastic tissues examined and with a little variation in levels. The highest expression was observed in adenocarcinomas and adenomas. There was no statistically significant association between Ku70 expression level and the degree of their malignancy extent or invasiveness. In contrast to Ku 70, a wide variation in expression levels of DNA-Pkcs was observed among different types of neoplastic tissues. The highest ratio of positive expressing cells was detected in hepatocellular carcinomas (92.1%), which was significantly higher than that in cholangioadeno carcinomas (65.3%) and biliary cystadenocarcinomas (51.9%). Low or no expression level was detected in papillary adenoma cases. DNA-PKcs expression of invasive adenomas and adeno-carcinomas (61.2%) was significantly higher than that of non-invasive adenomas and adeno-carcinomas (30.4%). There was no expression observed in the normal tissues adjacent to the tumors.

CONCLUSIONDNA-PKcs is expressed in hepato- and cholangio-neoplasms and its variable level of expression is associated with the types of the tumor and their degree of malignancy and invasiveness. DNA-PKcs could be recognized as a new biomarker for liver neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma ; enzymology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Nuclear ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; enzymology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(SPJ)on cancer cach-exia in mice with colon adenocarcinoma. Methods BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with mu-rine colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells to induce ca-chexia. The model animals were randomly divided into three groups: model group, SPJ low dose group and high dose group. Gavage started on the 4th day after inoculation, and the dosage regimen was as follows:the normal and model groups were given 10 mL·kg-1 saline, qd ×27; the low dose and high dose groups were treated with 20 and 60 mg·kg-1SPJ respective-ly, qd ×27. After treatment, the effects of SPJ on body weight, tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle,spleen and epididymal fat changes of cachexia mice were observed. HE and Western blot were used to measure the changes of cross section of gastrocnemius muscle fibers and the expression of NF-κB,PAX7 and MuRF1 protein level in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle. Results Compared with model group, the administration of SPJ could effectively re-duce the weight loss (P <0.05), increase muscle mass (P<0.05) and decrease muscle tissue degrada-tion in cachexia mice. Meanwhile,SPJ significantly re-duced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum (P <0.05) and decreased the expression of NF-κB. Con-clusion SPJ can improve cancer cachexia in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The potential mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB mediated in-flammatory factor expression.

ObjectiveTo clarify the causative effect of citreoviridin toxins(CIT) as well as nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein on rat myocardial injury at biochemical level.Methods According to 2 × 2 factorial design,48 healthy male Wistar rats aged 4-week were randomly divided into four groups:exposed to CIT along with nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,exposed to CIT and control groups.After the rats in each group began to be fed with selenium and protein deficiency and(or) adequate fodder for 3 months,8 mg/kg body weight of CIT was fed daily to the rats in the two CIT toxin groups for two months.After that the CIT dose was raised up to 10 mg/kg body weight each day within the final 2 weeks.At the experimental endpoint,all the rats were sacrificed by femoral artery bleeding after ether anesthesia,and serum and heart specimens were collected for biochemical analysis by detecting serum Tn-Ⅰ and albumin,serum activities of CK and GSH-Px,myocardial SOD and T-AOC.ResultsThe interactions between Se & protein and CIT in rat final body weight,serum albumin,and Tn-Ⅰ was observed(F=8.186,6.160,19.183,all P＜ 0.05),whereas interactions in rat body weight of 12 weeks,serum GSH-Px,CK as well as myocardial SOD,T-AOC activity were not found (F=1.633,1.987,0.075,0.474,1.145,all P ＞ 0.05).Under the nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,serum albumin and Tn-Ⅰ level in the groups with CIT toxin[ (42.88 ± 1.19) g/L,(668.6 ± 55.8) ng/L,respectively]were lower than that of the group without CIT toxin[ (47.59 ± 1.05)g/L,(989.3 ± 49.2)ng/L,respectively,all P ＜0.05].The main effects of selenium and protein on rat body weight of 12 weeks,serum GSH-Px,myocardial SOD and T-AOC were statistically significant between different groups (F =96.860,58.086,4.475,25.485,all P ＜ 0.05).Rat body weights of 12 weeks in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (186.33 ± 7.89),(197.83 ± 7.89)g] were all lower than others[ (274.08 ± 7.89),(265.42 ± 7.89)g,all P ＜ 0.05]; serum GSH-Pxs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (317.5 ± 102.6),(296.9 ± 90.5)U/L] were all lower than others[ (926.1 ± 110.9),( 1181.7 ± 85.9)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05] ; myocardial SODs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein [ (65.22 ± 5.91 ) × 106, (62.68 ± 5.61 ) × 106 U/kg] were all lower than others [(74.07 ± 7.24) × 106, (80.07 ± 5.91) × 106 U/kg,all P＜ 0.05]; myocardial T-AOCs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (1.138 ± 0.086) × 106,(0.806 ± 0.081 ) × 106 U/kg] were all lower than others[(1.688 ± 0.105) × 106,(1.163 ± 0.086) × 106 U/kg,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Animal model with selenium and protein deficiency is successfully established.However,the results of biochemical index tested in the experimental rats show no regularity effect,which needs to be checked again in the future study.

ObjectiveTo observe the morphological feature of myocardial changes in adult rat exposed to citreoviridin(CIT) with selenium and protein deficiency.MethodsAccording to 2 × 2 factorial design,48 healthy male Wistar rats aged 4-week were randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ (Se-Pro-CIT+,low selenium and low protein plus CIT group),group Ⅱ (Se-Pro-CIT-,low selenium and low protein without CIT group),group Ⅲ (Se+Pro+CIT+,adequate selenium and adequate protein plus CIT group),and group Ⅳ (Se+Pro+CIT-,adequate selenium and adequate protein without CIT group),12 rats in each group.After one week of normal adaptive feeding,all the rats were fed with selenium and protein deficiency feed for 2 months,and then the animals in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲwere fed with 8 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 of CIT for 2 more months,after that the CIT dose was increased to 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 for the final 2 weeks.At the end of the experiment,all the rats were sacrificed by femoral artery bleeding,and body and heart weight were measured.Heart weight index was calculated and histopathological changes were observed under light microscope.Results Heart weight indexes of the 4 groups(Se-Pro-CIT+,Se-Pro-CIT-,Se+Pro+CIT+ and Se+Pro+CIT- groups) were (3.65 ± 0.45) × 10-3,(3.05 ± 0.19) × 10-3,(3.83 ± 1.06) × 10-3 and (3.31 ± 0.52) × 10-3,respectively.The results of factorial analysis showed that the effects of CIT on heart weight index were statistically significant(F =8.524,P ＜ 0.05 ),the effects of Se + Pro were not statistically significant(F =1.347,P ＞ 0.05),and there were no interactions between the two factors (F =0,048,P ＞ 0.05).Morphologically,tissue fibrosis around branch coronary artery in group Ⅰ rats,plenty of cardiocyte pycnosis in group Ⅱ,and myocardial scattered necrotic foci in group Ⅲ were observed,accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration in group Ⅲ,and normal myocardial structure in group Ⅳ rats.Conclusions Citreoviridin plays a major role in causing myocardial injury( degeneration and necrosis) and CIT combined with selenium and protein deficiency can aggravate the

OBJECTIVETo study the expression changes of neuroglobin in rats with the model of diffuse traumatic brain injury and explore the relationship between the neuroglobin and neuron apoptosis in traumatic brain injury.

METHODSThe diffuse traumatic brain injury of rats was induced by the Marmarou's 'weight-drop' device. And the immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression changes of neuroglobin and neuron apoptosis in rat brain at different time points post-injury.

RESULTSThe expression of neuroglobin increased twice and reached peaks at 2 hours and 72 hours post-injury respectively. And the increased expression of neuroglobin from 30 minutes to 1 hour post-injury and from 48 hours to 72 hours post-injury accompanied with the decreased expression ratio of Bax to Bcl-2.

CONCLUSIONThe increased expression of neuroglobin in traumatic brain injury informed us that neuroglobin had anti-apoptosis action in post-injury neuron. It could protect the neuron from traumatic stress and secondary ischemia and hypoxia insults during ultra-early and acute stages.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Globins ; metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurons ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo analyze the long- term results of radical resection for rectal cancer and the factors influencing the operative results.

METHODSFrom January 1990 to December 1999, clinical data of 689 patients who underwent radical resection for rectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe overall operative mortality was 0.7%, the follow- up rate was 96.7%, the median survival rate was 67.4 months. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rate after operation was 89.9%, 77.3%, 69.6% and 63.3% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the survival rate was related with the first onset symptom, tumor location, infiltrated circumference of intestine, T staging, Dukes staging, histological type, extent of lymph node metastasis and operative approaches. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location, histological type, invasive depth and Dukes staging were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSThe long-term efficacy after radical resection for rectal cancer is correlated with tumor location, histological type, invasive depth and Dukes staging.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; pathology ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) X gene on the expression of SPG21.

METHODSThe expressions of SPG21 mRNA and protein in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells were tested by RT-PCR and western blot. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with reporter plasmid pGL3-SPG21 and plasmids carrying individual genes of HBV, the luciferase activity was measured and the expressions of SPG21 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot.

RESULTSThe expressions of SPG21 mRNA and protein were higher in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells (0.36+/-0.06 vs 0.21+/-0.05, P value is less than 0.05). The activity of SPG21 in HepG2 cells transfected with pCMV-X was higher (875+/-27 vs 67+/-12, P value is less than 0.01) as compared to blank control group (transfected with pCMV-tag2B). HBV X gene enhanced SPG21 gene promoter activity, SPG21 mRNA expression and SPG21 protein production in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONHBV X gene can specially activate SPG21 expression.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) portal vein infusion (PVI) for 7 days after radical resection, with intraluminal chemotherapy during operation for eliminating liver metastasis and elevating long-term prognosis in colorectal cancer.

METHODS162 colorectal cancer patients with radical resection were divided into portal vein chemotherapy group (group A, 82 cases) and intraluminal chemotherapy group (group B, 80 cases) randomly. In group A, 5-fluorouracil were infused with 1g per day constantly for 7 days after operation through portal vein catheters, which placed into greater omental vein and fixed on the abdominal wall. In group B, intraluminal chemotherapy was given and 5-fluorouracil 0.5 g was injected into the greater omental vein during operation.

RESULTSThe short-term complications and long-term effect in the two groups were compared by statistical software SPSS 8.0. Group A had more operative complications, and no statistical differences was found in hospital time and survival rate of the two groups. The 5-year survival rate is 76.7% (group A: 74.3%, group B: 79.2%), and the liver metastasis rate is 19.8%. There is no significant difference between the two group-survival curves. Multiple variable analysis suggested that Dukes' stage was the prognosis factor (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrated that the two chemotherapy methods play an important role in preventing liver metastasis and improving the survival rate, and the intraluminal chemotherapy would be easier and simpler. The result should be further improved by using combined chemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome