OBJECTIVE:To explore ways of promoting the rational use of antibacterials.METHODS:To analyze and e-valuate the effect of whole-ranged pharmaceutical care on promoting rational use of antibacterials.RESULTS:The whole-ranged pharmaceutical care was the efficient way to ensure the rational drug use of antibacterials.CONCLUSION:The whole-ranged pharmaceutical care should be carried out in hospital pharmacy so as to promote the rational use of antibacterials and to make the utmost use of the limited resource of Antibacterials.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and objectively evaluate the present situation and trend of the antihistamine agents used in 18 hospitals of Hangzhou.METHODS:To make a survey of the use of above mentioned drugs in 18 hospitals of Hangzhou during the period 2000～2002 in respect to the sum of money for drugs and manufacturing factories.RESULTS:In comparison with 2001,the sum of money for consumption of antihistamine agents increased 17.89%in 2000,and decreased 4.58%in 2002.Joint venture and imported products accounted for 70%of share of market.Lortadine and Cetirizine were still the first choice in therapy of allergic reactions.CONCLUSION:Consumption of antihistamine agents decreased,but kinds of drugs had no obvious change.

Pharmacological activities of the effective constituents: essential oils, flavonoids andalkaloids, in fruit of Citrus aurantium L. were compared. Blood pressure was increased markedly by transfusion of the alkaloids. Contractions of isolated intestines were iuhibited byflavonoids. Essential oils significantly decreased the rate and frequency of writhing syndromeinduced by ip acetie acid and spontaneous locomotor activities in the mice with the exceptionfexciting at first followed by inhibiting the isolated intestines,which displayed analgesia andoceutral inhibition to a certain extent.

OBJECTIVE　To study the effects of Panax quinquef olium 20S-protopanaxdiol saponins extracted from the leaves of panax qu inque-folium (PQDS) on the hemodynamics and cardial oxygen metabolism in dogs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).METHODS　The paramete rs of hemodynamics and cardial oxygen metabolism were determined by using the mo del of ligation of LAD in the anaesthetized open-chest dogs.RESULTS 　In dogs treated with PQDS (in a dosage of 10 and 20 mg*kg-1 iv infusion),the myocardial blood flow (MBF) was increased and coronary vascular re sistance (CVR) was decreased significantly.The heart rate (HR) was slowed.The ar terial blood pressure (ABP),left ventricular pressure (LVP),the maximum rise rat e of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax),left ventricular work index (LVW I) and total periphery resistance(TPR) were reduced,whereas the stroke index(SI) and cardiac index (CI) were increased.In addition,the decreasing range of the m aximum decline rate of left ventricular pressure(-dp/dtmax) and the rising range of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were reduced.Meanwhile the cardiac oxygen consumption,myocardial oxygen utilization rate and cardiac o xygen consumption index were also decreased.CONCLUSION　PQDS had protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia including improving heart fu nction,decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption and increasing myocardial blood flo w,etc.

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic mechanism of salvianolic acid B (SA-B) in treating hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, untreated group and SA-B-treated group. Rats in the untreated and SA-B-treated groups were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5% dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 4 weeks, daily for 3 days each week at a dose of 10 microg/kg, to induce hepatic fibrosis. Then, rats in the SA-B-treated group were given SA-B orally for another 4 weeks. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents in liver tissue of the rats in 3 groups were determined with HCl hydrolysis, and collagen type I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I (TbetaRI) and transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: The Hyp content and the expressions of collagen type I, TGF-beta1, TbetaRI and TbetaRII in the liver tissue of rats in the untreated group increased significantly as compared with those in the normal control group, while those in SA-B-treated group decreased significantly as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic mechanism of SA-B in treating hepatic fibrosis may be related to inhibiting the expressions of TGF-beta1 and its receptors.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection (DMLI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by 30 min left anterior descending coronary occulusion and 24 h reperfusion in open-chest anesthetized rats. The changes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum, and prostacycline (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels in plasma were determined. Results In rats treated by DMLI (with dose of 2. 5, 5 and 10 mL ? kg-1 i. v. at 30 min after coronary occulusion), the myocardial ischemia size (MIS) was significantly reduced, the AST, LDH and CK-MB activities in serum and the TXA2 level in plasma were declined, while PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio were increased significantly. In addition, the LPO content in serum declined, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum were increased markedly. Conclusion DMLI has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through improving free radicals metabolism, decreasing TXA2 level in plasma, increasing PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one kind of special subjects involving multiple clinical disciplines.The postgraduate training is different from other professional postgraduate training model,which emphasizes the cultivation of students,should be first medical students,then dentist.In new situation,we advance the experiences in exploring how to cultivate high quality postgraduate of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Objective: To develop a simple LC MS/MS method for the measurement of limonin in fructus evodiae, cortex phellodendri, cortex dictamni and its preparation. Methods: Separation was obtained by using a discovery C 18 column (150mm?2.1 mm), The mobile phase:A:water-0.1%HAc;B:acetonitrile-0.1%HAc;The elution program was gradient and the flow rate was 0.2mL?min -1 . The mass detector was set MS1(IS)=187.0 and MS2(Limonin)=471.0 by multiple reaction monitor(MRM) respectively.The sample was added psoralen(IS), then extracted with methanol chloroform(1∶3).Results: Limonin was linear from 25 to 1000ng?mL -1 ( r = 0.9996), The regression equation was C=3.124 As/Ai 1.935?10 -3 . The average recovery was 100.2%.Conclusion: This method is simple, quick, sensitive and exclusive.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy

Microglial surveillance plays an essential role in clearing misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta, tau, and α-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the complex structure and ambiguous pathogenic species of the misfolded proteins, a universal approach to remove the misfolded proteins remains unavailable. Here, we found that a polyphenol, α-mangostin, reprogrammed metabolism in the disease-associated microglia through shifting glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which holistically rejuvenated microglial surveillance capacity to enhance microglial phagocytosis and autophagy-mediated degradation of multiple misfolded proteins. Nanoformulation of α-mangostin efficiently delivered α-mangostin to microglia, relieved the reactive status and rejuvenated the misfolded-proteins clearance capacity of microglia, which thus impressively relieved the neuropathological changes in both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease model mice. These findings provide direct evidences for the concept of rejuvenating microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming, and demonstrate nanoformulated α-mangostin as a potential and universal therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.