Objective To study the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CDK4 and P16 on rat hepatocellular carcinoma by millimeter wave radiation. Methods Fourty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group one to three were feeded by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Group one was a tumor control group. In group two and three the liver was directly radiated by 35.8 GHz, 100 mW/cm 2 millimeter wave for 20 min, twice a week for 10 or 5 weeks. Group four was a normal control radiated group. Fourteen weeks later all rats were sacrificed to undergo serological test and immunohistochemical stain of liver. Results The serum levels of ? glutamyltransferase in group two and three were lower than that in group one. Adenocarcinoma was only existed in group one by histological examination of liver tissue. Other groups of DEN exposure only had basophilic and eosinophilic nodules. Liver tissue expression of PCNA and CDK4 in group two and three were significantly lower than in group one, but the expression of P16 in group two and three was higher than that in group one. Conclusions Radiation with millimeter wave can partially inhibit cell proliferation and suppress the DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Objectives Pancreatic ischemia is a pathogeny of acute pancreatitis(AP), and systemic blood rheologic changes have close relationship with AP. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the systemic blood rheologic and pancreatic hemodynamic changes in rats with AP, and to reveal their relationship. Methods Acute edematous pancreatitis(AEP, n =20) and acute necrotizing pancreatits(ANP, n =20) models were induced by injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of rats, another 10 normal rats were used as control group. The pancreatic blood flow(PBF) was measured by Doppler ultrasound before and after the operation. At 12 h after the induction of AP, 10 rats in each group were sacrificed, the blood rheologic indexes were detected, and the pathological study of pancreas was performed. The survival rate in 3 days of the rest 10 rats in AEP and ANP group was also observed. Results Compared with the control group, only the hemagglatination index increased in AEP group and all the blood rheologic indexes increased in ANP group distinctly with the elevation of blood viscosity curve. The velocity of PBF was decreased in AEP and ANP groups, reducing to 79% and 30% of theirs levels before the induction of AP. Compared with the control group, the pathological scores of pancreatic edema, inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis of AEP rats significantly increased, and compared with AEP group, these four indexes increased significantly in ANP rats. The survival rate in 3 days of AEP group was 90%, but that of ANP group was 0. Conclusions Systemic blood rheologic and pancreatic hemodynamic changes happen synchronously in rats with AP. The injury of pancreatic microcirculation due to ischemia is one of the initial pathogeneses of AP. The change of blood rheology is not a contributing factor causing AP, it could aggravate pancreatic ischemia and accelerate the pancreatic injury after onset.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of L-[1- 13 C]phenylalanine breath test to assess liver function and determine the effective parameters of the test for quantitative assessment of liver function in adult. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers served as control group, and 26 liver cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B were divided into three groups, 10 patients in Child-Pugh classification A, 8 in B and 8 in C, An oral dose of 100 mg of nonradiative tracer L-[1- 13 C]phenylalanine were administered to all the subjects. Breath samples were taken before and different intervals within 360 min after administration. 13 CO_2 enrichment was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Results After the oral administration of L-[1- 13 C] phenylalanine, 13 C excretion reached a peak within 10-30 min. The parameters of 13 CO_2 excretion rate at 30 min ( 13 CO_2ER_ 30 ) , 13 C cumulative excretion of 60 min ( 13 C_ cum60 ), 75 min( 13 C_ cum75 ), 90 min( 13 C_ cum90 ) and 13 CO_2 half excretion time ( t _ 1/2 ) were shown sensitive, which could differentiate significantly the groups( P

Objective To study the effect of Guipi Decoction on serum IL-1? and hippocampus IL-1RⅠ expression of depression model rats, and approach its mechanism of treating depression. Methods The depression model was established by received chronic unpredictable stress stimulus. Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups:control group, model group, saline group and Chinese medicine group. All rats were weighed and taken Open-field test on 0 and 22nd day, the serum IL-1? was detected with radio-immunity, and the expression of IL-1RⅠ was detected with immunohistochemical method. Result Compared with the control group, the weight, behavior points, serum IL-1?, expression of IL-1RⅠ of the model group and the saline group changed obviously while that in Chinese medicine group did not. Conclusion The anti-depressive mechanism of Guipi Decoction is related to maintaining the normal excretion of IL-1? and IL-1RⅠ expression from the chronic stress.

Objective To compare the different expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) and its type one receptor(TGFβR1) between primary pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 and metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. Methods The mRNA expressions of TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic carcer cell lines were quantatitived by real-time RT-PCR. The protein levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 in these two cell lines were measured by Western blot assay. Results Compared with the primary pancreatic cancer cell AsPC-1, the mRNA and protein expressions of TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 were much higher in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells(P<0.05). Conclusions Upregulations of TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 might be a pivotal incidence in the procedure of malignant progressing and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of H.pylori infection and eradication on gastric parietal cell and H + K +ATPase mRNA expression in a murine model. Methods Twenty 7 week old SPF BALB/C mice (10 males and 10 females) each were fed by H.pylori strain (Sydney Strain 1,SS1) at a dose of 0.4 ml (10 9CFU) per day for consecutive 5 days. Two months after infection of H. pylori, all mice were divided into two groups, the eradication group (10 mice) and the infection group (10 mice). Mice in the eradication group were administered clarithromycin ( 13.5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) twice per day for one week (one mouse was died).Meanwhile, mice in the infection group were given the same amount placebo. All mice were killed at one month after the administration.The gastric mucosa was removed for rapid urease testing (RUT) and Giemsa stainning. The expression of H + K +ATPase mRNA was detected by RT PCR. Morphological changes in parietal cells were assessed by electron microscope. Results The animals in infection group were 100% infected by H.pylori, and RUT and Giemsa staining were all positive. Meanwhile , all but one mouse in the eradcation group were negative to RUT and Giemsa staining. In the infection group, the average ratio A C to A T (A C means the area of the canaliculi, A T means the area of the parietal cells ) was ( 2.20 ? 0.06 )/10 4, significant lower than that in the eradication group [(3.20 ? 0.06 )/10 4, P

Objective To investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on colons of rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- induced colitis,and to evaluate the effects of probiotics.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group),model control group(UC group) and probiotics-treated group(PC group).The experimental colitis was induced by TNBS/ethanol enema.Rats in PC group were fed with Bifico [live probiotics of combined hifidobacterium(Bif),lactobaeillus(Lac) and enteroeoccus] by 2.2?10~9 CFU/d for 4 weeks.Inflammatory scores were studied.Expressions of protein and mRNA of TLR2 and TLR4 were measured by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR),respectively.Results Inflammatory scores in NC group,UC group and PC group were 4.35?0.88,10.25?1.36 and 7.94?0.85,respectively.The inflammatory scores in PC group were decreased compared with that in UC group (P

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characters, surgical treatments and prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with laryngeal or tracheal invasion. METHOD: Forty-six cases including 33 papillary and 13 follicular were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four cases with tracheal invasion received conservative resection (17), window resection (11) and sleeve resection (6). One case with subglottic invasion was performed subglottic partial laryngectomy. Eleven cases with trachea-laryngeal invasion received total laryngectomy(4), 3 shave technique and 4 preservative laryngectomy. RESULT Complications included infections and hypocalcaemia, 15 patients got permanent fistula. 5-year survival rate in cases of tracheal shave resection was 88.2%, while 63.6% in those of window resection and 83.3% in those of sleeve resection. Survival rate within 5 years of patients received preservative laryngectomy was 62. 5%. Conclusion: With meticulous preoperative examination and positive surgical treatment, both survival rate and quality of life could be improved in patients of DTC with laryngeal or tracheal invasion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; pathology ; Larynx, Artificial ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Trachea ; pathology

Objective:To study the risk factors and microbial spectrum for infectious complications for patients with biliary tract cancer after major hepatectomy with cholangiojejunostomy.Methods:Enrolled into this study were 78 consecutive patients (57 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, 17 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 4 with gallbladder cancer), who underwent major hepatectomy with cholangiojejunostomy at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between September 2010 and March 2019. The clinical data were reviewed using multivariate analysis to find independent risk factors for postoperative infectious complications. Microorganisms isolated from bile and infected sites were determined to study the microbial spectrum.Results:A total of 45(57.7%) patients suffered from postoperative infectious complications. Male sex ( OR=7.765, 95% CI=1.895-31.815, P<0.05) was the independent risk factor, whereas increased preope-rative red blood cell (RBC) ( OR=0.151, 95% CI=0.038-0.592, optimal cut-off value=3.7×10 12/L) and increased total cholesterol (TC) on postoperative day (POD) 1 ( OR=0.227, 95% CI=0.083-0.626, optimal cut-off value=3.5 mmol/L) were protective factors (both P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.805 (95% CI=0.707-0.902, P<0.05). 205 and 230 microorganisms were cultured respectively from 286 and 681 specimens which were collected from pre-/intraoperative bile and potentially infected sites. Staphylococcus, enterococcus, acinetobacter, klebsiella and pseudomonas were the most common pathogens on bile culture. The first 5 most frequently isolated microorganisms from the infected sites were enterococcus, staphylococcus, klebsiella, candida and xanthomonas. Sixteen (61.5%) of 26 patients had at least one pathogen being isolated from the infected sites with the pathogen being previously isolated in bile culture. Conclusions:Male sex were independent risk factors of infectious complications. Increased preoperative RBC and inreased TC on POD were proteetive factors. For patients without a positive bile culture, a third-generation cephalosporin can be considered as a prophylactic antibiotic. It is important to identify high-risk patients and monitor perioperative pathogens actively to prevent and to cure postoperative infectious complications.

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical features, diagnosis methods, surgical approaches and treatment outcomes of patients with primary parapharyngeal space tumors.

METHODSA retrospective review of 91 cases with primary parapharyngeal space tumors treated from January 1999 to December 2011 was performed. All patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT scan and postoperative histopathologic examination. Intraoperative frozen section biopsies were performed in 36 of 91 cases. The surgical approaches included trans-cervical approach in 73 cases, trans-parotid approach in 5 cases, trans-oral approach in 5 cases, and mandibulotomy in 8 cases.

RESULTSThe postoperative pathological diagnoses consisted of 29 variants, including 20 for benign tumors and 9 for malignant tumors. Of the 80 cases with benign tumors, 6 cases were lost to follow-up and 74 cases were followed up for 31-84 months with no recurrence. Eleven cases with malignant tumor were followed up for 8-51 months (median 29 months), of them 7 cases died and 1 case was lost to follow-up. The post-operative complications included Horner syndrome in 3 cases, hoarseness in 2 cases, hypoglossal nerve palsy in 1 case, accessory nerve palsy in 1 case, upper airway obstruction in 1 case, and internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSParapharyngeal space tumors are rare, with atypical clinical manifestation, and have pathological types of diversification. CT or MRI is helpful to evaluate the tumor size, location and possible sources, and to make operation scheme. Surgery is the first choice for parapharyngeal space tumors. Trans-cervical approach can be applied to most tumors. Parapharyngeal benign tumors have good prognosis, but malignant tumors have poor prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult