termined by serum cotinine determination.Effects of tobacco exposure on arterial elasticity in residents of poor areas in north China were more than those in urban residents.

Objective To explore the current condition of psychological problems of patients in cardiology clinic. Methods A total of 347 patients in the cardiology clinic of Prof. HU Da-yi were screened by self-rating depression scale(SDS),Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),Hamilton rating scale for depression(HRSD)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA). Results The rates of patients with somatic disease only or with psychological disorder only were 52.4%and 12.7%, the rate of somatic disease accompanied with psychological disorder was 27.7%. For the patients with psychological problems, there were 31 cases with depression(8.9%),62 cases with anxiety(17.9%),and 28 cases(8.1%) suffering from mixed depression and anxiety the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease,functional disease or digestive disease was always used by doctors for the patients with psychological problems only,as they always did not accept the diagnosis of psychological disorder. Conclusions It is very common that patients in cardiology clinic department suffered from psychological problems. The patients with psychological disorder only were easily misdiagnosed as somatic disease especially cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of chlorapheniramine maleate,furacilin and ephedrine hydrochloride in Puma nose drops.METHODS:The analysis was carried on a XDB C 8 column;the mo?bile phase was composed of methanol(A),acetonitrile(B)and0.02mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions(containing0.2%triethylamine and adjusted to pH3.0with phosphoric acid,C)with linear gradient elution(0min～3.5min,A∶B∶C=6∶13∶18,8.5min,A∶B∶C=6∶30∶64)and the flow rate was1.0ml/min;the detection wavelength was254nm and the column temperature was30℃.Chloramphenicol was used as the internal standard.RESULTS:The linear ranges were0.04～0.20mg/ml for chlorapheniramine maleate,0.02～0.10mg/ml for furacilin,0.50～2.50mg/ml for ephedrine hydrochlo?ride.The average recoveries were99.44%(RSD=0.48%,n=3)for chlorapheniramine maleate,101.36%(RSD=0.41%,n=3)for furacilin and99.43%(RSD=0.59%,n=3)for ephedrine hydrochloride.CONCLUSION:The method is reliable,accurate and suitable for quality control of Puma nose drops.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare diclofenac sodium controlled release pellets and investigate the mechanism of re?lease.METHODS:Single-factor method was used to investigate the influence of the composition of solvent system in coating solution,the concentration of coating material,porogenic agent and plastifier on the release rate of drug.RESULTS:When the concentration of coating material and the proportion of water increased,the release rate of pellets was increased;the release rate was further increased with PVP K30 added.CONCLUSION:The pellets belongs to the matrix-coating pellets,and the release mechanism varies with the change of coating thickness.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of hypertensive target organ damage with abnormal ankle brachial index (ABI) in high-risk hypertensive patients.MethodsDuring December 2008 to May 2009,a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigated the prevalence of abnormal ABI (ABI ＜ 0.90) in 2674 community-dwelling,hypertensive patients,who aged ＞ 40 years,without coronary heart disease,stroke/transient ischemic attack or known arteriosclerosis,from 18 centers in China. Data were acquired through history,physical examination,laboratory and other diagnostic tests.ResultsThere were 2615 subjects eligible for the full analysis set. The high-risk hypertensive patients with arterial wall thickening,arterial wall thickening and slightly elevated serum creatinine had a higher prevalence of abnormal ABI than their counterparts respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with the normal group,the abnormal ABI group had a higher serum creatinine level on average (P ＜ 0.01 ).After adjustment for certain factors including investigation center,demographic factors,cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and CVD risk factors using an unconditional logistic regression model,arterial wall thickening ( OR 2.416,95％ CI 1.395-4.183,P =0.0016 ) and slightly elevated serum creatinine ( OR 3.377,95％ CI 1.267-8.997,P =0.0149) were positively associated with abnormal ABI. However,arterial wall thickening (OR 0.988,95％ CI 0.576-1.695,P=0.9664) and microalbuminuria (OR 1.389,95％ CI0.685-2.817,P=0.3621)were irrelevant to abnormal ABI.Conclusions So far as a high-risk hypertensive patient is concerned,there are significant statistical correlations between arterial wall thickening and/or slightly elevated serum creatinine and an abnormal ABI,but no significant statistical correlations between arterial wall thickening or microalbuminuria and an abnormal ABI is observed.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the rational drug use condition in Shenzhen area and to promote the rational drug use level. METHODS: A multi-center randomized parallel test was conducted in 6 different levels of hospitals in Shenzhen area. In which the prescriptions in two months and the outpatients visiting the hospitals on that day were surveyed on the spot in respect of the international rational drug use (RDU) indicators then the data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Prescription indicators were as follows: the average number of drugs was 2.44; the percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 43.7%and that for injection was 22.3%. Patient care indicators were as follows: the average consultation time was 6.97 minutes; average dispensing time was 16.77 seconds; percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 100%; percentage of drugs actually labeled was 100%; percentage of patients’ knowledge of correct use of drugs was 96.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The rational drug use level in Shenzhen area is still low and problematic and the care given by doctors and pharmacists to the patients is insufficient, which remain to be improved and tackled.

Intravenous and intratracheal implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer ameliorating effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-remodeling effect of intravenous MSCs (VMSCs) and intratracheal MSCs (TMSCs) in rats with PH, and the underlying mechanisms. MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured. PH was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of MCT. One week after MCT administration, the rats were divided into 3 groups in terms of different treatments: VMSCs group (intravenous injection of MSCs), TMSCs group (intratracheal injection of MSCs), PH group (no treatment given). Those receiving saline instead of MCT served as negative control (control group). Pulmonary arterial structure was pathologically observed, pulmonary arterial dynamics measured, and remodeling-associated cytokines Smad2 and Smad3 detected in the lungs, three weeks after MCT injection. The results showed that PH group versus control group had higher pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and wall thickness index (WTI) 21 days after MCT treatment. The expression of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 were much higher in PH group than in control group. Fluorescence-labeled MSCs were extensively distributed in rats' lungs in VMSCs and TMSCs groups 3 and 14 days after transplantation, but not found in the media of the pulmonary artery. WTI and PAP were significantly lower in both VMSCs and TMSCs groups than in PH group three weeks after MCT injection. The p-Smad2 expression and the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 were obviously reduced in VMSCs and TMSCs groups as compared with those in PH group. In conclusion, both intravenous and intratracheal transplantation of MSCs can attenuate PAP and pulmonary artery remodeling in MCT-induced PH rats, which may be associated with the early suppression of Smad2 phosphorylation via paracrine pathways.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of insomnia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and analyze the influencing factors of insomnia in the ACS patients, so as to provide information on the development of new strategies for the treatment of insomnia in ACS patients.Methods:This is a multicenter and prospective observational study. A total of 771 ACS patients who met the criteria were selected from March 2013 to June 2015. The baseline social demographic information, sleep quality questionnaire, general anxiety disorder scale-7(GAD-7),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), short-form 12 health survey questionnaire(SF-12), and enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients social inventory(ESSI) were completed within 7 days after admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of insomnia in ACS patients.Results:A total of 741 subjects with valid questionnaires were collected, including 510 males (68.8%) and 231 females (31.2%). Among them, 487 (65.7%) subjects had at least one insomnia symptom: 308 (41.6%) subjects had difficulty in falling asleep, 369 (49.8%) subjects were easy to wake at night, 116 (15.7%) subjects woke up earlier than they expected, 74 (10.0%) subjects experienced both woke up earlier and difficulty in falling asleep, and 53 (7.2%) subjects woke up earlier, woke up at night and had difficulty in falling asleep at the same time. Logistic regression analyses showed that before admission physical activity ( OR =0.636, 95% CI 0.411-0.984), depression ( OR=1.908, 95% CI 1.101-3.305) and low social support ( OR=0.278, 95% CI 1.198-3.301) were independent factors of insomnia in ACS patients. Conclusions:Nearly 2/3 ACS patients have symptoms of insomnia. Difficulty in falling asleep and easy to wake up at night are the most common manifestations. Physical activity, depression and social support independently are associated with insomnia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of indirect reduction and fixation with the self-manufactured external fixator as a viable alternative in the surgical treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures.Methods From May 2006 to May 2009,a total of 30 patients undergone surgical treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures were analyzed,including 20 males and 10 females with an average age of 36 years (range,15-53).According to Sanders classification based on the computed tomography scan of intraarticular calcaneal fractures,16 patients were classified as type-Ⅲ,and 14 type-Ⅳ in this series.All fractures were treated first with the external fixator as indirect reduction and fixation device on the whole,which can enlarge the interspace of the subtalar joint significantly.Then,posterior articular facet of calcaneus was exposed and reduced through a small lateral incision.The calcaneal's length,breadth,thalamus height,maximum vertical displacement of the post-articular surface,and B(o)hler angle were measured preoperatively,3 days and 6 months after operation in X-ray film.Reduction results were evaluated by CT scan according to the standard of Buckley.Results The average follow-up time of all patients was 29 months (range,4-45).Lateral and axial roentgenograms showed satisfactory restoration of the calcaneal's anatomical structure.There were significant differences between preoperative values and those 3 days or 6 months postoperatively.There were no significant differences between values 3 days postoperatively and those 6 months postoperatively.The reduction results of posterior articular facet were evaluated by CT scan.Twenty-seven patients obtained anatomical reduction,3 patients obtained uneven articular facet within 2 mm.Conclusion This selfmanufactured external fixator is a vialbe alternative in the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures,which has advantages of minimal invasion,practicality and less complications.

Intravenous and intratracheal implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer ameliorating effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-remodeling effect of intravenous MSCs (VMSCs) and intratracheal MSCs (TMSCs) in rats with PH, and the underlying mechanisms. MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured. PH was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of MCT. One week after MCT administration, the rats were divided into 3 groups in terms of different treatments: VMSCs group (intravenous injection of MSCs), TMSCs group (intratracheal injection of MSCs), PH group (no treatment given). Those receiving saline instead of MCT served as negative control (control group). Pulmonary arterial structure was pathologically observed, pulmonary arterial dynamics measured, and remodeling-associated cytokines Smad2 and Smad3 detected in the lungs, three weeks after MCT injection. The results showed that PH group versus control group had higher pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and wall thickness index (WTI) 21 days after MCT treatment. The expression of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 were much higher in PH group than in control group. Fluorescence-labeled MSCs were extensively distributed in rats' lungs in VMSCs and TMSCs groups 3 and 14 days after transplantation, but not found in the media of the pulmonary artery. WTI and PAP were significantly lower in both VMSCs and TMSCs groups than in PH group three weeks after MCT injection. The p-Smad2 expression and the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 were obviously reduced in VMSCs and TMSCs groups as compared with those in PH group. In conclusion, both intravenous and intratracheal transplantation of MSCs can attenuate PAP and pulmonary artery remodeling in MCT-induced PH rats, which may be associated with the early suppression of Smad2 phosphorylation via paracrine pathways.
Animals ; Atrial Remodeling ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; pathology ; Monocrotaline ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley