Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics of E 1 gene of rubella virus strains isolated in Henan province for further investigation on rubella prevention and control .Methods RNA was extracted from rubella virus strains isolated from suspected measles cases in Henan during 2008 to 2012 .E1 gene of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced .The nucleotide ( nt ) and amino acid ( aa ) sequences of E1 gene of Henan isolates were aligned with the sequences of other reference strains downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA 6.0 software package.Results The pre-dominant genotype of rubella virus isolated in Henan was 1E genotype.No 1F genotype was detected.The 2B genotype emerged in 2013.The E1 gene of Henan isolates shared 87.8%-100% homologies in nucleo-tide sequences and 67.0%-100%in amino acids sequences .No variation was detected at hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization sites .A Leu to Phe mutation occurred at amino acid site 338 of 1E genotype in all isolates.Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that genotype 1E was the predominant geno-type of rubella virus epidemic in Henan province .

BACKGROUND:Classical deltopectoral approach leads to a great injury to soft tissues. It is difficult to lay the steel plate on the lateral side. The steel plate is frequently laid on the anterolateral side of humerus. Fixed position is not ideal.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of lateral deltoid-splitting approach in treatment of proximal humeral fractures.
METHODS:From August 2008 to August 2013, 114 patients with fracture of surgical neck of humerus, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University in China, were enrol ed in this study. They were treated with locking compression plate, and assigned to deltoid splitting approach group and deltopectoral approach group (n=57). Surgical trauma, fracture healing, curative effects, functional recovery and Constant shoulder score were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for at least 8 months. Compared with the deltopectoral approach group, the proximal humeral fractures were healed as scheduled in the deltoid splitting approach group, and the anteflexion, abduction, shoulder lifting of the shoulder joint, and sensation of lateral skin of the upper arm were not impacted. No significant difference in Constant shoulder score was detectable between the two groups (P>0.05), which suggested that deltoid splitting approach for treating the proximal humeral fractures was safe and feasible. In addition, in accordance with the Neer’s classification system, the excellent and good rate in the deltoid splitting approach group (91%) was significantly higher than that in the deltopectoral approach group (75%) (P<0.05). Therefore, the deltoid splitting approach can be used as the first choice for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures.

The threshold of cyclin E expression at G1/S boundary is a characteristic feature of cell cycle progressing. In this study, we tried to develop a quantitative approach to analyze cyclin E threshold by multiparameter flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin E in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was detected under different photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by cyclin E/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry. Additionally, cyclin E was detected in cells which were treated with caffeine and cycloheximide (CHX) under the same PMT voltage. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E in MOLT-4 cells was compared with that in JURKAT cells. Cyclin E threshold was quantified by formula B2/AxC (A, B, C indicates the minimum, threshold, and maximum of cyclin E fluorescence intensity, respectively). Results showed that in MOLT-4 cells, cyclin E threshold calculated by formula B2/AxC was invariable under different PMT settings. It was decreased in cells treated with caffeine and remained changeless in cells treated with cycloheximide. Cyclin E threshold in JURKAT cells was much lower than that in MOLT-4 cells. It was suggested that Formula B2/AxC we firstly set up could be used to analyze cyclin E expression threshold quantitatively.
Caffeine/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin E/*analysis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; DNA, Neoplasm/*analysis ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Jurkat Cells ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology

Objective Analyze the genetic characteristic of Hemagglutinin(H) gene of measles viruses isolated in Henan Province in 2017. Methods Swab samples collected from 7 lab confirmed measles cases,and we got the measles virus by Vero/Slam inoculation. Fragment of H genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT?PCR), then the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Results The age of the 7 measles confirmed cases were between 1 and 50 years old,and all of them were males. All the 7 measles viruses were identified as H1a genotype,and the average distance of the nucleotides and the amino acids was 0.005, respectively. Compared with the Shanghai?191/China?vaccine, there were some changes in isolated virus,such as 240th, 397th and 381st sites in the amino acid sequence. Conclusion The measles genotype which isolated in Henan Province in 2017 was H1a. There were some difference from Shanghai?191/China?vaccine in the nucleotides sequence of H gene,which suggested that it's necessary to strengthen the monitor the variation of measles virus.

Objective Analyze the genetic characteristic of Hemagglutinin(H) gene of measles viruses isolated in Henan Province in 2017. Methods Swab samples collected from 7 lab confirmed measles cases,and we got the measles virus by Vero/Slam inoculation. Fragment of H genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT?PCR), then the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Results The age of the 7 measles confirmed cases were between 1 and 50 years old,and all of them were males. All the 7 measles viruses were identified as H1a genotype,and the average distance of the nucleotides and the amino acids was 0.005, respectively. Compared with the Shanghai?191/China?vaccine, there were some changes in isolated virus,such as 240th, 397th and 381st sites in the amino acid sequence. Conclusion The measles genotype which isolated in Henan Province in 2017 was H1a. There were some difference from Shanghai?191/China?vaccine in the nucleotides sequence of H gene,which suggested that it's necessary to strengthen the monitor the variation of measles virus.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou, and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries. Methods: A total of 3 573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey. Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate, mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT), filling rate, pit and fissure sealant rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth. Results: Among the surveyed junior high school students, the caries rate was 47.32%( n =1 691), the mean DMFT was 1.51. The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students (49.59%) than in male students (44.95%), and higher in towns (50.77%) than in urban areas (44.04%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=16.25, 7.72, P <0.05). The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%, 6.27% respectively. The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas (18.97%, 7.17%) than towns (15.76%, 5.33%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2= 9.57, 5.13, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student, town residence, daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks (≥1 time), bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries( OR =1.41, 1.45, 2.63, 2.09, 1.53), while using fluoride toothpaste daily, oral education in school were protective factors( OR =0.44, 0.34)( P <0.05). Conclusion The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level, but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower. The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students, and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of acadesine on myocardial energy metabolism of model dogs with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS:Dogs were randomly divided into control group,model group,acadesine low-dose,high-dose groups(0.8,3.2 mg/kg),6 in each group. All dogs received CPB. Except for control group,dogs in other groups were reduced for MIRI model,and perfused St.Thomas cardiac cardioplegia lipid containing rel-evant drugs 60 min after main artery block. The uptake rates of myocardial glucose and free fatty acid(FFA),creatine kinase isoen-zyme(CK-MB)concent in venous sinus plasma and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content in mitochondria were detected and calcu-lated before bypass and after 15,60,90 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP)and left ventricular end dia-stolic pressure(LVEDP)were analyzed,and mRNA expression of adenylate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and protein expres-sion of phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK)in myocardial tissue were detected. RESULTS:Before bypass,all indexes in each group had no statistic significances(P>0.05). After bypass,compared with control group,uptake rates of myocardial glucose and FAA, ATP content,mRNA expression of AMPK and protein expression of p-AMPK and LVSP in 3 time points in model group and each administration group were obviously decreased(P<0.05);LVEDP and CK-MB concent in plasma were obviously increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,uptake rates of myocardial glucose and FAA,ATP content,mRNA expression of AMPK and protein expression of p-AMPK and LVSP in 3 time points in each administration group were obviously increased (P<0.05);LVEDP and CK-MB concent in plasma were obviously decreased (P<0.05);and high-dose group showed more obvious change than that of low-dose group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Acadesine can promote the AMPK phosphorylation,contribute to the myocardial glucose and FFA uptake to promote the increase of ATP in myocardial mitochondria and relieve MIRI after CPB.

Objective: Analyze the genetic characteristic of Hemagglutinin(H) gene of measles viruses isolated in Henan Province in 2017. Methods: Swab samples collected from 7 lab confirmed measles cases, and we got the measles virus by Vero/Slam inoculation. Fragment of H genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), then the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Results: The age of the 7 measles confirmed cases were between 1 and 50 years old, and all of them were males. All the 7 measles viruses were identified as H1a genotype, and the average distance of the nucleotides and the amino acids was 0.005, respectively. Compared with the Shanghai-191/China-vaccine, there were some changes in isolated virus, such as 240^th, 397^th and 381^st sites in the amino acid sequence. Conclusion The measles genotype which isolated in Henan Province in 2017 was H1a. There were some difference from Shanghai-191/China-vaccine in the nucleotides sequence of H gene, which suggested that it′s necessary to strengthen the monitor the variation of measles virus.

Summary: The threshold of cyclin E expression at G1/S boundary is a characteristic feature of cell cycle progressing. In this study, we tried to develop a quantitative approach to analyze cyclin E threshold by multiparameter flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin E in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was detected under different photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by cyclin E/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry. Additionally, cyclin E was detected in cells which were treated with caffeine and cycloheximide (CHX) under the same PMT voltage. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E in MOLT-4 cells was compared with that in JURKAT cells. Cyclin E threshold was quantified by formula B2/A×C (A, B, C indicates the minimum, threshold, and maximum of cyclin E fluorescence intensity, respectively). Results showed that in MOLT-4 cells, cyclin E threshold calculated by formula B2/A×C was invariable under different PMT settings. It was decreased in cells treated with caffeine and remained changeless in cells treated with cycloheximide. Cyclin E threshold in JURKAT cells was much lower than that in MOLT-4 cells. It was suggested that Formula B2/A×C we firstly set up could be used to analyze cyclin E expression threshold quantitatively.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of mumps virus ( MuV) isolated from an outbreak in Henan province in 2016 and to provide reference data for the control of mumps in Henan prov-ince. Methods Swab specimens were collected from a mumps outbreak in Henan province in 2016. One virus strain was selected for whole genome sequencing after virus isolation and genotyping. MEGA7. 0 soft-ware was used to construct phylogenetic tree, to calculate P-distance and to analyze the characteristics of genes encoding small hydrophobic protein ( SH ) , fusion protein ( F ) and hemagglutinin neuraminidase ( HN) . Results Five swab specimens were collected in the outbreak and five MuV strains were successfully obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of them belonged to genotype F with a P-distance of 0. 047 (0. 046-0. 049 ) with the reference strain. The P-distance among the five MuV strains was 0. 001 ( 0-0. 003). Results of the whole genome sequencing of one MuV strain showed that the P-distance with the ref-erence virus was 0. 053 (0. 018-0. 072) and the smallest P-distance with genotype F was 0. 018. Compared with the vaccine strain (HQ416907. 1), the amino acid at 28-30 site of SH protein was IML. The 91, 195 and 383 amino acid sites in F protein were related to the pathogenicity of MuV, but no mutations were found in these sites. Some mutations were found in HN protein, such as P354Q, E356D and K464N, which were associated with the immunological characteristics of MuV. Conclusions MuV strains isolated from the out-break in Henan province in 2016 belonged to genotype F. The genetic characteristics of these MuV strains were similar to those prevalent in other provinces of China.