0.05).The metastasis rate in patients with both C-erbB-2(+) and MDR1(+) was higher than the others.Their prognosis was negative.The metastasis rate in patients with both C-erbB-2(+) and Nm23(-) was higher than the others.Conclusion There are correlation between C-erbB-2,Nm23,MDR1 expressions and metastasis of breast cancer.Multi-predictors are better guide to patients than single predictor.

Objective To evaluate the influence of different antigen retrieval methods and pH values of fixatives on immunostaining of incised wound skin.Methods 3d-post-incision mouse skin were sampled and fixed in 4% formalin buffered with PBS at pH 5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0 and 9.0.The deparaffinized sections were treated 0.01mmol citrate buffuer(pH 6.0)in high pressure cooker or by microwave heating,or with pepsin,trypsin or microwave+pepsin.Thereafter,immunostainings of caspase-3,caspase-6,caspase-7,IL-8,and IL-10 were evaluated by immunohistochemical SABC method with ratio of immunostaining-positive cells,respectively.Results The immunostaining-positive cell ratios in sections treated by heating retrieval was higher than by proteinase treatment.The positive cell ratio was slightly higher by high pressure than by microwave heating.Sections were more easier peeled off during high pressure treatment than during micrwave heating.Sections treated with pepsin were fallen off easier than with trypsin digestion.The highest positive cell ratio was detected in sections by microwave+trypsin treatment without section peeling off among all antigen treatment methods.The best result was obtained in sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0.Conclusion The best immunostaining result may be obtained in mouse incised wound sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0 with microwave+trypsin treatment.

Hitherto, it is reported that caspase family includes 14 members at least, which play important roles in executing cell apoptosis. Experimental studies have proved that caspases are expressed and activated in the injured skin and during skin wound healing, which suggests that cell apoptosis induced by caspases may occur. Further investigation on the roles that caspases play in the injured skin and during skin wound healing may offer a new way for the clinical treatment of the skin wound and the medico-legal wound age determination. The article reviews the biologic characters of caspases and the advances in the studies on the caspases in the skin wound and wound healing. It is suggested that caspases exert significant parts during skin wound healing, which are worthy of further investigation.

Purpose To study X-ray and CT findings of pulmonary infection in AIDS. Methods We evaluate 10 cases who have chest abnormalities. The all patients have X-ray and CT examination. Results Imaging of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS, including infiltrative imaging and diffuse patchy imaging, enlarged mediastinum lymph nodes and extra chest enlarged lymph nodes. The imaging of legionella species is infiltrative imaging. Carinii pneumonia appearances diffuse infiltrative and interstitial abnormalities. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis, legionella species and carinii pneumonia are common infections in AIDS. The patchy, consolidations, diffused diseases and enlarged lymph nodes are important imaging appearances.

Objective To assess whether end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PET CO2) can predict the fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients.Methods Septic shock patients under mechanical ventilation without spontaneous breathing and with the need of a fluid challenge test were included in this study.Heart rate,central venous pressure,pulse pressure,PErCO2,and CI before and after the fluid challenge test were conducted in all the patients.Results Of the 48 septic shock patients included,34 had preload responsiveness,14 had no responsiveness.△CI and △PET CO2 after the fluid challenge test involume responders were (0.85 ± 0.47) L · min-1 · m-2 and (3.5 ± 2.5) mmHg respectively,which were higher than those in no volume responders (P ＜ 0.05).The fluid-induced changes in PET CO2 and CI were correlated (r =0.072,P ＜ 0.05).The AUCRoc of fluid challenge-induced △PET CO2 as the predictor for volume responsiveness was 0.943,and its sensitivity was 87.9％ and specificity was 93.4％ with a critical value of 5％.The AUCRoc of △PP as the predictor for volume responsiveness was 0.801,and its sensitivity was 68.1％ and specificity was 73.2％ with a critical value of 10％.Conclusion The changes of PETCO2 induced by a fluid challenge test can predict fluid responsiveness with reliability,and have a better sensitivity and specificity than the changes of PP.

Objective To evaluate the application value of hip joint traction device in treating serious developmental dysplasia of the hip. Methods From April 2006 to October 2008, 6 cases Crowe Ⅳ hip dysplasia and 1 case dysplasia of acetabulum in coxa vara underwent arthroplasty. There were 2 males and 5 females with an average age of 30 years (range, 12-45). All patients were admitted to the hospital for the distraction, which was 1.0-2.0 cm on the first day and 1 mm/d thereafter, until slowly pulling femur head to the real acetabulum. Changing to the skin distraction with 3 kg, arthroplasty was performed after pin sites healing. Results Seven femur heads of 5 cases and two greater trochanters of 1 case were pulled into the real acetabulum, average distraction length was 4.45 cm, and average time was 43 d, no nerve injury and infection of pin sites. Soft tissue release and femur shortening were not required in arthroplasty. One case accelerated pulling speed to 1.25 mm/d when left femur head was distracted to 6.0 cm, so that the partial left deep peroneal nerve injury happened after 12 h. Ending distraction, bilateral THA was undergone by stages and femur shortening 3 cm in operation, nerve injury restored after half year. All patients were followed up for average 2.5 years (range, 1.5-3.0). In all patients, two limb lengths were equal, middle gluteal muscle myodynamia improved about 1-2 grades. The mean Harris hip score improved from 56.2 to 92.2 one year after operation. Conclusion The hip joint traction device could pulled femoral head to the real acetabulum rotating center, as a result, femur shortening and soft tissue release were not required while performing arthroplasty, and through which wound and operative time were decreased, middle gluteal muscle function was improved. However, we should strictly pulled the femur head at 1 mm/d to avoid nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the expressions of caspase-6,-7 during skin wound healing and the applicability of the time-dependent expressions of caspase-6,-7 to determination of the wound age.Method The expressions of caspase-6,-7 were studied in skin incised wound in mice by immunohistochemical SABC method,and the non-incised mouse skin was used as control.Results Expressions of caspase-6,-7 were detectable in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the wound specimens aged 6h. In the wound specimens aged from 12h to 24h after injury, caspase-6,-7 were identified in a large number of infiltrating PMNs and part of mononuclear cells (MNCs). Afterwards, the MNCs and fibroblastic cells (FBCs) accounted for the most part of the caspase-6,-7-positive cells. Morphometrically, the ratios of the number of the caspase-6,-7-stained PMNs, MNCs and FBCs to total number of the cells in the wounds were evaluated and calculated. The ratios of the caspase-6,-7-positive cells were low in the wound specimens aged from 0h to 3h, and maximized in the wound specimens aged 3 day. Thereafter, the ratios decreased and minimized in the specimens aged 14 day.Conclusion The results suggest that caspase-6,-7 were expressed in neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts during healing process of skin incised wound in mice. Caspase-6,-7 may be used as a marker for the wound age determination.

The morphological and functional changes of the lungs of rats in blast injury were analyzed and related with a microcomputer-assisted morpho-metry.The results were as follows:1.Significant correlation or partial correlation existed between stereological and functional indices,2.Changes of endothelium and epithelium rather than the interstitium contributed to the increase of harmonic and arithmetic mean thickness of the air-blood barrier.3.The regression equations included the following:a.PaO2=3.56 + 1.62DL (O2),r=0.678,P=0.032b.PaO2=2.99+3.49DL(O2)-0.0005SA+0.0035SC-38.2VC-0.257Tap -0.028Dt (O2)ry=0.999,P=0.008c.PaCO2=7.69+0.0001SA-4.35Tat+19.7Tht-46.2Thp-4.4Taen-5.87Tacp ry=0.9999,P=0.014d.pH=3.058 + 0.0005SA-1.79Tat + 12.2Tht-50.8Thp-2.52Taent+0.69DL(O2)ry=0.9999,P=0.01The significance and application of stereology in the establishment of the quantitative relationship between morphological and functional indices were discussed.It is possible to correlate morpheme trie parameters with the functional changes of an organ.

The dialysis method was employed to prepare blank and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded micelles formed by temperature- and pH- sensitive polyhistidine-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyethyleneglycol-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyhistidine (PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis). The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the copolymers were measured with Pyrene Fluorescent Probe Technique. The temperature- and pH- sensitive properties of the blank micelles solution were investigated by optical transmittance measurement. The morphology and diameter of DOX micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The in vitro release study was further performed to examine the temperature- and pH-responsive drug release behavior from DOX-loaded micelles. The results indicated that the CMC, entrapment efficiency and drug-loaded amount of the micelles were 7.5 x 10(-3) g x L(-1), 85.2 +/- 3.1% and 10.4 +/- 4.5%, respectively. The DOX micelle was globular-shaped with a mean diameter of 91.1 +/- 15.8 nm. The transmittance of micelle solution consistently increased with the increasing temperature or decreasing pH. In comparison to the drug release profile at physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.4), the DOX-loaded micelles showed faster drug release rate at higher temperature (41 degrees C), lower pH (pH 7.0, pH 6.5, pH 5.0) or higher temperature and lower pH (41 degrees C, pH 5.0). This indicated that the micelles showed a temperature and pH-triggered drug release pattern. Base on the above results, it can be concluded that PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis block copolymer micelles which respond to temperature and pH stimuli are promising smart carriers for anti-tumor drugs with the advantages of temperature- and pH- triggered drug release.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ABCG2 protein in hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Specimens of HCC were collected at The First Aifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2005 to December 2006. The expression of ABCG2 protein in 165 samples of HCC tissue, 25 samples of normal liver tissue and 40 samples of cirrhotic liver tissue was detected using immunohisto-chemistry. The correlation between the expression of ABCG2 protein and clinicopathological characters was then analyzed. Enumeration data, survival rate and the difference between groups were analyzed with a chi-square test, the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results ABCG2 protein expression was weakly posi-tive in all normal and cirrhotic liver tissues. In HCC tissues, the expression of ABCG2 protein was strongly positive in 66 cases and weakly positive in 99 cases. The expression of ABCG2 protein was related to tumor diameter, tumor number, adjacent organ invasion and TNM stages (χ2 =8. 130, 14. 279, 4. 820, 21. 179, P <0. 05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with strongly positive ABCG2 protein had a significantly lower 3-year overall survival (24. 1%) compared with those with weakly positive ABCG2 protein (39. 4%) (χ2 = 15.716, P<0.05). Conclusions The expression level of ABCG2 protein is related to tumor invasiveness, TNM stage and prognosis. ABCG2 has the potential to become a new target for HCC treatment.