OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequiavailability of domestic roxithromycin tablets and imported ones.METH?ODS:20male healthy volunteers took single dose of150mg roxithromycin tablet orally in a random crossover design,blood concentrations were determined by LC-MS.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported tablets were determined respectively as follows,AUC 0～72 were(72.81?23.85)(mg?n)/L and(72.63?20.86)(mg?h)/L,AUC 0～∞ were(74.41?24.45)(mg?h)/L and(74.42?24.45)(mg?h)/L,C max were(6.46?1.51)mg/L and(6.58?1.55)mg/L,t max were(1.9?0.5)h and(1.8?0.5)h,t 1/2 were(13.56?1.35)h and(14.18?1.50)h,the relative bioavailability of the homemade tablet to imported one was(99.8?11.2)%.CONCLUSIONS:Domestic and imported roxithromycin are bioequivalent.

AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the domestic and imported sustained-release tablets of gliclazide in healthy volunteers. METHODS:The study was performed by an four-period crossover design with singledose and multiple-dose administration. The plasmadrug concentrations of twenty male healthy volunteers were determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrum detector method (LC-MS). RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters after a single oral dose of the domestic and imported gliclazide tablets were (7.2+s 1.5) h and (6.9 +1.4) h for tmax, (13.4 ±1.2) h and (13.7 +1.3) h for t1/2, (2.4 +0.8) mg ·L-1and (2.3 ±0.6) mg· L-1 forcmax, (48 ±14)mg · h · L-1 and (48 +14) mg· h · L-1 forAUC0-60,(51+15) mg· h· L-1 and (50±14) mg· h· L-1for AUC0-∞, (22.4 ± 1.9 ) h and (22.8 ± 1.9 ) h for MRT, respectively. The steady state pharmacokinetic parameters after multiple doses of the domestic and imported gliclazide tablets were (6. 1 ± 1.4) h and (6.5+1.4) h for tmax, (4.6±0.9) mg· L-1 and (4.7±1.1) mg· L-1 for cmax, (0.23 ±0.08) mg ·L-1and (0.26±0.08) mg· L-1 forcmin, (1.6±0.3) mg·L-1 and (1.6±0.3) mg · L-1 for mean value of steady plasma-drug concentration (cav),(94±19) mg· h · L-1 and (95 ±20) mg · h · L-1forAUCss, (282 ±33)% and (283 ±43)% for degree of fluctuation DF ), respectively. The relative bioavailability of the domestic gliclazide tablet to the imported gliclazide tablet following a single and multiple dose were ( 102 ± 9) % and (99 ± 10 ) %, respectively. Main pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations in both single and multiples dose studies showed no statistical difference ( P >0.05 ). CONCLUSION: The result of two one side t-test shows that the two formulations are bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of urine abnormalities for school children in Chengdu city and to evaluate the significance of urinary screening.Methods During January to December 2013,morning urine of 6 615 students were collected and screened by urine reagent paper.Two weeks later,the repeated screening was conducted in the children whose urine samples were positive for the first screening.Urine samples with positive testing results for twice were submitted to urine routine tests at local hospital,and the children with the urine positive results were defined as urine abnormalities.The children with urine abnormalities were transferred to a tertiary hospital and given treatment and follow-up.Results There were 6 615 cases receiving urine screening,including 2 624 cases (39.67 ％) of the grade I,and 3 991 cases(60.33％) at junior middle school.During the first screening,323 cases (4.83％) children had urinary occult blood positive,43 cases (0.65％) had urinary protein,20 cases (0.30％) had occult blood positive and proteinuria,and 103 cases (1.56％) had white cells in urine.During the second urine screening,62 cases (0.94％) had occult blood positive,6 cases (0.09％) had urinary protein,2 cases (0.03％) had proteinuria and occult blood positive,46 cases (0.70％) had white cells in urine.The incidence of urine abnormalities with occult blood positive,proteinuria,occult blood positive and proteinuria,and white cells in urine of children at junior middle school [1.38％ (55/3 991 cases),0.13％ (5/3 991 cases),0.05％ (2/3 991 cases),0.70％ (28/3 991 cases)] were significantly higher than those of children at primary school [0.27％ (7/2 624 cases),0.04％ (1/2 624 cases),0 (0/ 2 624 cases),0.69％ (18/2 624 cases)],and all the differences were statisticallysignificant (x2 =64.16,168.53,178.09,98.16,all P ＜ 0.05).In children transferred to a tertiary hospital for treatment,there were 4 cases with IgA nephropathy,1 case with minor glomerular abnormalities,and 12 cases with urinary tract infection.Conclusion Urinary screening is an effective way to find out kidney disease and urinary tract infection in children.Follow-ups should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the arsenic content in internal and external environment of the people in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Shaanxi Province, the status quo of the disease and the management and services of the existing patients, so as to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effect of prevention and control measures on drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, in accordance with the requirements of the "Notice of Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission on Issuance of Monitoring Plans for Key Endemic Diseases such as Kashin-Beck Disease" and "Monitoring Plans for Drinking Water Arsenic Poisoning in Shaanxi Province", investigation was carried out in all villages of drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning in Mianxian County of Hanzhong City, Shanyang County and Zhen'an County of Shangluo City to understand the operation of water improvement project. One terminal water sample was collected to determine the content of arsenic in water, and permanent population of the whole village who are and/or had been exposed to excessive arsenic water in the past were examined for arsenic poisoning and the disease condition was determined according to the standard of "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenicosis" (WS/T 211-2015). Five villages were randomly selected, and 50 people were selected from each village. Real-time urine sample was collected to determine the content of urinary arsenic. At the same time, management and services of the existing arsenic poisoning patients was investigated.Results:A total of 13 villages were investigated, all of which had been improved in water quality, and all 13 water improvement projects were operating normally, with arsenic content < 0.01 mg/L. A total of 12 577 people were examined, and 417 cases of arsenic poisoning were detected, with a detection rate of 3.32%. No new arsenic poisoning case and arsenic-related skin cancer case had been detected. A total of 260 urine samples were detected, and the geometric mean value of urinary arsenic (< 0.001 mg/L) was lower than the safety guideline value of human urinary arsenic (0.032 mg/L). The existing arsenic poisoning patients (417 cases) were included in health management and contracted services.Conclusions:Shaanxi Province has reached the elimination standard of drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning. In the future, more attention should be paid to the management of water improvement project, as well as to strengthen health promotion and management services for existing patients to consolidate the effects of prevention and control.

Penetrating head injury is a serious open cranial injury. In civilians, it is often caused by non-missile, low velocity flying objects that penetrate the skull through a weak cranial structure, forming intracranial foreign bodies. The intracranial foreign body can be displaced due to its special quality, shape, and location. In this paper, we report a rare case of right-to-left displacement of an airgun lead bullet after transorbital entry into the skull complicated by posttraumatic epilepsy, as a reminder to colleagues that intracranial metal foreign bodies maybe displaced intraoperatively. In addition, we have found that the presence of intracranial metallic foreign bodies may be a factor for the posttraumatic epilepsy, and their timely removal appears to be beneficial for epilepsy control.

Objective To investigate and improve the diagnosis and management of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach (SCNECS).Methods The clinicopathological information and survival data of 21 cases of SCNECS treated in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The median survival time of the 21 cases was (12.1 ±1.6) months.The 1-year overall survival rate of the patients was 33.3%.Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of survival were tumor size, lymph node status, tumor stage, treatment and radical operation or not (P<0.05 for all).Multivariate analysis indicated that independent risk factors were tumor size≥4.6 cm, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ ( P <0.05 for all).Radical operation and comprehensive treatment ( surgery +postoperative chemotherapy) were independent protective factors ( all P<0.05) .Conclusions SCNECS is a rare malignant tumor with early metastasis and poor prognosis.Tumor size, stage, lymph node status, and treatment have potential impact on the prognosis.Comprehensive treatment based on radical operation may improve the survival of SCNECS patients.

Objective To investigate and improve the diagnosis and management of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach (SCNECS).Methods The clinicopathological information and survival data of 21 cases of SCNECS treated in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The median survival time of the 21 cases was (12.1 ±1.6) months.The 1-year overall survival rate of the patients was 33.3%.Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of survival were tumor size, lymph node status, tumor stage, treatment and radical operation or not (P<0.05 for all).Multivariate analysis indicated that independent risk factors were tumor size≥4.6 cm, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ ( P <0.05 for all).Radical operation and comprehensive treatment ( surgery +postoperative chemotherapy) were independent protective factors ( all P<0.05) .Conclusions SCNECS is a rare malignant tumor with early metastasis and poor prognosis.Tumor size, stage, lymph node status, and treatment have potential impact on the prognosis.Comprehensive treatment based on radical operation may improve the survival of SCNECS patients.

OBJECTIVETo screen the genes related to cell cycle under regulation by KIAA0101 in gastric cancer.

METHODSRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of KIAA0101 gene in gastric cancer tissue and paired adjacent tissues. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out using DAVID database. KEGG was used to map the pathways and the corresponding genes were analyzed. The list of genes associated with the KIAA0101 expression pattern was imported into TCGA cBioPortal to analyze the relationship between the interacting genes and generate a genetic topology map. The candidate genes were screened by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe expression level of KIAA0101 mRNA was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in paired adjacent tissues (1.104 ± 0.379 0.421 ± 0.172; =0.0179). The system screened genes related with KIAA0101 from 478 tissues by pooled analysis of the expression intensity of all the gene probes. GO function analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in protein phosphorylation, RNA processing, cell cycle, DNA metabolism, protein transport, acetylation, apoptosis, proteolysis, and redox. The changes in the expression level of KIAA0101 mainly affect the gastric cancer-related pathways including cell cycle, spliceosome, DNA replication, and p53 signal transduction pathway. KEGG pathway maps and gene topology maps showed that the genes related to KIAA0101 (such as BUB1B, MAD2L1, CDC45, CDK1, CCNE1 and CCNB2) were also related to cell cycle. RT-PCR results confirmed significant increments of the expression levels of BUB1B, MAD2L, CDK1, CCNE1, and CCNB2 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues as compared with the paired adjacent gastric tissues ( < 0.05), but CDC45 mRNA did not show significant differential expression in gastric cancer tissues ( > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSKIAA0101 may affect cell cycle by regulating the expression of BUB1B, MAD2L1, CDK1, CCNE1 and CCNB2, and this finding may provide evidence for understanding how KIAA0101 affects cell cycle and for screening of tumor markers and selection of drug targets.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and the intake of dietary nutrients. Methods A total of 81 children aged 8-12 (34 males and 47 females) with fluorosis were randomly selected in the districts of Daxu, Fuping, and Fuyang in Shaanxi Province where the drinking water had been changed for more than 5 years. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis was carried out using Dean's method. According to the 1:1 case-control study method, 81 children aged 8-12 (34 males and 47 females) without dental fluorosis were selected as a control group. A ^“double meal method^“ was employed for dietary investigation for 3 consecutive days. The differences in dietary nutrient intake between the two groups of children were analyzed and compared. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the difference in the dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, and selenium in the fluorosis group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The logistic regression analysis of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children showed that the dietary nutrient magnesium was associated with the onset of dental fluorosis. Conclusion Within a certain range, dietary magnesium is a protective factor for children with dental fluorosis. It is suggested that school-age children in areas with excessive water fluoride should be supplemented with sufficient magnesium in their diets.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and improve the diagnosis and management of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach (SCNECS).

METHODSThe clinicopathological information and survival data of 21 cases of SCNECS treated in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe median survival time of the 21 cases was (12.1±1.6) months. The 1-year overall survival rate of the patients was 33.3%. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of survival were tumor size, lymph node status, tumor stage, treatment and radical operation or not (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis indicated that independent risk factors were tumor size ≥4.6 cm, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage III/IV (P<0.05 for all). Radical operation and comprehensive treatment (surgery + postoperative chemotherapy) were independent protective factors (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSCNECS is a rare malignant tumor with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Tumor size, stage, lymph node status, and treatment have potential impact on the prognosis. Comprehensive treatment based on radical operation may improve the survival of SCNECS patients.

Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Survival Rate