11 plant pathogenic strains were isolated from the crown gall of Japanese cherry (Prunus xyroloensis)in Japanese cherry growing areas, such as Chixing. fenhua and Shenzhou counties of Zhejiang province. Ten ofthem were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens biotype 1 based on their morphological. physiological andbiochemical characterizations and bacterial protein SDS-PAGE test. The plate antagonistic assay and the potbiocontrol test indicated that the isolated strains of A tumefaciens biotype 1 were sensitive to the well-knownantagonistic bacterium , K84 strain. The K84 strain could inhabit the tumor production by the pathogenic satins.

Objective To analysis the clinical feaures and risk factors of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). Methods Analysis clinical data of 68 recurrent ICH patients and compared with those of patients with first-ever ICH. Results 43 recurrences were seen in 38 patients.The mean interval between 2 episodes was(3.9?2.8)years.The most common type of recurrence was"ganglionic-ganglionic",next was"ganglionic-thalamic",and"ganglionic-lo- bar"seldom.Most recurrences occurred contrala-terally and seldom at the same site as the first episode.In contrast to those with first-ever ICH,patients with recurrent ICH most have a hypertension and course of longer,all with a poor control.Analysis showed that the hypertension course was positively and the age of the first hemorrhage was negatively associated with the recurrence of ICH.Conclusion The risk of recurrence of ICH is relatively high within the first 4 years after the previous hemorrhage.Positively control hypertension to normal level,It will have impartant meaning to prevent occurrence of recurrent ICH.

Objective To analyze the genetic characterization(evolution, antigenicity, enzyme activity sites and glycosylation sites)of the neuraminidase(NA)gene of the novel influenza virus A/H1N1 in 2009 pandemic in Guangdong Province. Methods The viral RNA was extracted from 69 isolates of influenza virus A/H1N1 from patients in 2009 pandemic in Guangdong Province. NA gene fragments were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The other 52 NA gene sequences of influenza virus A in different years and different regions were retrieved from GenBank. The analysis of evolution and amino acid sequences were analyzed by MEGA 4.0 software. Results The homology of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza viruses in Guangdong and avian H5N1 influenza virus strains was high(＞85 % ). The amino acid distributions of potential antigenic sites were identical. The enzyme activity sites of NA genes of all virus strains were strictly conserved, which had eight glycosylation sites. But there were amino acid substitutions in 5 glycosylation sites, while it was identical with the 2001 avian H5N1 influenza virus. Conclusion The NA genes of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza viruses in Guangdong are high homologous with avian H5N1 influenza virus and the viral specific binding sites of neuraminidase inhibitor are not changed.

Objective To understand the evolutionary characterization of hemagglutinin (HA)gene of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in Guangdong during 2009-2011. MethodsWe selected 83 pandemic H1N1 strains isolated in Guangdong during 2009-2011. The HA1 genes were sequenced and analyzed comparatively by Bioedit 7.0 and MEGA 4.0. ResultsThe evolutionary rate of Hal gene of pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H1N1 viruses was 5.2×10-3 substitutions/site/year, higher than that of seasonal H1N1 viruses. Most amino acid changes in HA1 molecules accumulated on the surface of the molecule and were partly located in antigenic sites. Two fatal infections were detected with a mutation at HA residue 222, in one virus with a change D222G, and in one virus D222N. ConclusionThe phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the influenza epidemic in Guangdong at the beginning of 2011 are due to occurrence of genetic changes of pandemic H1N1 virus. The amino acid change at residue 222 of the HA1 are likely to be associated with severe or even fatal illness.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility to oseltamivir of influenza pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 viruses in Guangdong province during 2009,provide valuable information of prescription for clinics,and elucidate the variant trend of the epidemic strain based on phylogenetic analysis.Methods During April to December 2009,clinical specimens were collected from sentinel hospitals covering the whole Guangdong province.Virus isolation was performed by in MDCK cells or embryonated chicken eggs.A fluorescence-based neuraminidase (NA) enzyme inhibition assay was conducted to measure influenza susceptibility.The NAI susceptibility of influenza virus was expressed as the concentration of NAI needed to inhibit the NA enzyme activity by 50％.A subset of 68 viruses were performed NA sequencing for detecting resistant mutations and studying variant trends.Results During surveillance,221 influenza pandemic A ( H1N1 ) viruses were isolated.All strains were sensitive to oseltamivir inhibition assay,with a median IC50 of 0.24 nmol/L (range 0.02 -1.66 nmol/L).No mutation related to resistance was found.Phylogenic analysis illustrated that these NA genes were homology high to 99.5％ - 100.0％ with those from other countries.Conclusions influenza pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir in Guangdong,and useful for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza infection.Little selective pressure was found by phylogenic analysis.Our laboratory will continue to observe antiviral-resistance among circulating influenza viruses.

Objective To observe the blood biochemical and histological changes before and after pancreas freezing, to provide evidence for cryosurgery for pancreatic cancer. Methods Fifteen healthy pigs were divided into deep frozen group (n = 5), shallow frozen group (n = 5), non-frozen group (n = 3) and normal group (n = 2). After anesthesia and Iaparotomy, a probe of the Argon-Helium Surgical System was inserted into the pancreas, 100% and 10% argon output power were used in deep and shallow frozen group, respectively;and the temperature were - 130 ～ - 140℃ and - 110 ～ - 120℃, respectively;which results in an ice-ball with 15 ～ 20 mm in diameter. Then helium gas was inputted to increase the temperature to 10 ～ 20℃ for three minutes;then the whole process was repeated. A probe was inserted into the pancreas in the non-frozen group only and only laparotomy was performed in non-grozen group normal group and normal group. Serum amylase, IL-6, CRP levels before and after the experiment was determined;the pigs were sacrificed at day 7 and the pancreas was harvested for light microscope and electron microscope examination. Results The frozen pancreatic tissue became pitchy necrosis zone, and it could be distinguished from non-frozen tissue;there were obvious tissue necrosis in the center and para-center of frozen area, and the ultra-structure were destroyed and disappeared, mitochondria degranulation and rough endoplasmic reticulum degrannlation were observed. Serum amylase was elevated in 13 (86.7%) pigs and most returned to normal at 6th day. Serum IL-6 was slightly elevated in 5 (33.3%) pigs. There was no significant difference among all the groups in term of serum CRP. All the pigs were alive until the time of sacrifice. Conclusions Cryosurgery has affirmative fatal ablative effects on pancreatic tissue, and it is safe with no serious complications.

Objective To explore the short-term efficacy in children with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HN-RMS) treated by multidisciplinary therapy,and to analyze the prognostic factors,so as to guide the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Patients with HN-RMS admitted at Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children's Hospital (BCH),Capital Medical University between December 2012 and May 2017,were included in this case-observation study.The clinical characteristics were analyzed and the treatment effect and prognostic factors were summarized.Results A total of 48 cases were collected,including 36 boys and 12 girls,with a median age of 4.6 years.Primarysite parameningeal RMS(PM-RMS) (34 cases,70.8％),orbital (2 cases,4.2％) and non-orbital,non-parameningeal region(12 cases,25.0％) were found.Twenty cases belonged to alveolar type(41.7％),and 28 cases were of embryonaltype(58.3％).The diameter of the tumor was ＞5 cm(n =25,52.1％),and ≤5 cm(n =23,47.9％).IRS staging:there were 29 cases(60.4％) of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ,19 cases (39.6％) of stage Ⅳ;29 cases (60.4％) of low-medium risk,and 19 cases (39.6％) of high risk.Twenty-three patients (47.9％) received surgery,and 25 cases (52.1％) received biopsy only.All patients (48 cases) received systemic chemotherapy.Twenty patients (41.6％) received external radiation,15 cases (31.3％) received 125I particle implantation,6 cases (12.5％) received proton therapy,but 3 cases (6.2％)did not receive radiation.The follow-up time lasted 13-57 months[(24.1 ± 12.3) months].The 2-year overall survival(OS) rate was (66.4 ± 7.2)％,and 2-year event free survival (EFS) rate was (59.9 ± 7.5) ％.Patients with tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm had higher OS and EFS than patients with tumor diameter ＞5 cm [2-year OS (87.4±6.8)％ vs.(42.9 ±6.8)％,2-year EFS (78.8 ±8.6％) vs.(38.5 ±10.8)％],and the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.006).Patients with orbital and non-orbital,non-parameningeal RMS had higher OS and EFS than PM-RMS [2-year OS 100％ vs.(87.5％ ± 11.7) ％ vs.(57.0 ± 8.8) ％;2-year EFS 100％ vs.(88.9 ± 10.5)％ vs.(51.1 ± 8.9)％],and the differences were statistically significant (P =0.008,P =0.030).Patients who received surgery had higher OS and EFS than those who did not received surgery [2-year OS (80.7±8.8)％ vs.(53.3 ± 10.4)％;2-year EFS (71.1 ±10.1)％ vs.(49.5±10.4)％],and the differences were statistically significant (P =0.008,P =0.026).COX regression analysis showed tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm was an adverse prognostic factor (OR =4.124,95％ CI:1.213-14.025,P =0.023).Conclusions PM-RMS accounted for a high proportion in RMS patients.The primary site and the size of the tumor are the main prognostic factors.Intensive therapy is expected to improve the prognosis of HN-RMS with meningeal invasion.

Na?ve CD4 + T cells differentiate into a variety of T helper (Th) subsets that secrete various cytokines to exert biological effects. Th22 cells, a novel identified CD4 + T cell subset, are distinct from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell subsets. Th22 cells express chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10, and secrete multiple cytokines such as IL-22, IL-13 and TNF-α, but not IL-17, IL-4 IFN-γ; and IL-22 is considered as major effector cytokine of Th22. The understanding on functions and differentiation mechanisms of Th22 cells have been constantly improved, and Th22 cells play important roles in human common viral infections. The article reviews the current advances about the characteristics, function, differentiation of Th22 cells, the roles of Th22 cells and the key molecules in several human common viral infections, which would provide novel immune strategies for the prevention and treatment of human viral infection.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for residual pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF).Methods:Retrospectively analyzed were the patients with OVC who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University by single level PKP from January 2020 to December 2021. They were 40 men and 181 women, with an age of (69.6±8.2) years. By the pain score of visual analogue scale (VAS) on the postoperative day 3, they were assigned into 2 groups: a residual pain group (VAS≥4) and a control group (VAS<4). The general demographics, radiographic and surgical related data of the 2 groups were analyzed by single factor analysis, including their gender, age, bone mineral density, body mass index, glucocorticoid usage, follow-up time, duration of symptoms, fracture location, severity of fracture compression, intravertebral cleft, middle column involvement, thoracolumbar fascia injury, anesthesia method, puncture method, volume of bone cement injected, cement-endplates contact, pattern of cement distribution, cement leakage, vertebral height restoration, preoperative cobb angle and correction of cobb angle. The P<0.1 factors screened were further analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression to determine the final variables. Results:In the present study, 19 patients were assigned into the residual pain group and 202 patients the control group. The univariate analysis showed that body mass index ( P=0.059), intravertebral cleft ( P=0.049) and thoracolumbar fascia injury ( P< 0.001) increased the risk for residual pain. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that thora-columbar fascia injury was an independent risk factor for residual pain ( OR=6.127, 95% CI: 2.240 to 16.755, P<0.001). Conclusion:Thoracolumbar fascia injury is an independent risk factor for residual pain after PKP for OVF.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature and heterogeneous cells that can inhibit T cell function. In pathological conditions such as tumors, infections, and chronic inflammation, the large expansion of MDSCs is involved in processes of immune escape, immune tolerance and inflammatory reactions. MDSCs are also crucial in the pathophysiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, however, their activation, differentiation, and function during HBV infection are still unclear. This article reviews the general characteristics and roles of MDSCs in HBV infection, as well as related drug therapies, in order to provide information for further research on the related mechanism and potential targeted treatment.