Singapore, an island republic of over 5 million inhabitants, has 3.1 million workers. Most are employed in the service, finance and tourist/transport industry. Significant numbers work in manufacturing, construction and heavy industry. Following a series of construction and shipyard accidents with multiple deaths in 2004, the government announced its intention to reduce workplace fatalities from 4.9 to 2.5 per 100,000 by 2015. There was strong political will to achieve this target. The strategic approaches were to build workplace safety and health (WSH) capabilities; implement legislative changes with enforcement; promote benefits of WSH and recognize best practices, and enhance partnership with stakeholders. The anticipated outcomes were to reduce workplace fatality and injury rates; have WSH as an integral part of business; and establish a progressive and pervasive WSH culture. With these measures, the workplace fatality rate declined from 4.9/100,000 in 2004, to 2.2/100,000 in 2010. However, other confounding factors could also account for this decline, and have to be considered. The next target, announced by Singapore's Prime Minister in 2008, is to further reduce the workplace fatality rate to 1.8/100,000 by 2018, and to have "one of the best workplace safety records in the world".
Accident Prevention ; Intention ; Metallurgy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Singapore

Background: Young adults are at risk of developing obesity, especially when transitioninginto university life as they become responsible for their daily eating and lifestyles. This studyestimates the prevalence of overweight/obesity and explores the eating patterns and lifestylepractices of university students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD).A total of 303 students participated. Data was collected from January to April 2016. Self-designedquestionnaires comprised questions pertaining to current weight, self-reported height data,information on eating habits, exercise and knowledge of the food pyramid. The collected datawere used to compare and contrast eating habits and lifestyle practices among overweight/obesestudents with those of non-overweight/obese students.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 28.8% (95% CI: 24.0%, 34.0%). Themajority ate regular daily meals, but more than half skipped breakfast. Frequent snacking, friedfood consumption at least three times per week and low intake of daily fruits and vegetableswere common. The frequency of visits to fast food restaurants was significantly higher in theoverweight/obese. 25.4% of the students exercised at least three times per week. Almost allstudents are aware of balanced nutrition and the food pyramid.Conclusions: Most university students had poor eating habits, although the majority hadgood nutrition knowledge. By way of recommendation, the university is encouraged to provide amulti-disciplinary team specialising in health promotion that includes nutrition and physicalactivity programmes to increase the awareness among the university students.

Background: Fatigue is pervasive, under-reported, and potentially deadly where flight operations are concerned. The aviation industry appears to lack a standardized, practical, and easily replicable protocol for fatigue risk assessment which can be consistently applied across operators.AimOur paper sought to present a framework, supported by real-world data with subjective and objective parameters, to monitor aircrew fatigue and performance, and to determine the safe crew configuration for commercial airline operations. Methods: Our protocol identified risk factors for fatigue-induced performance degradation as triggers for fatigue risk and performance assessment. Using both subjective and objective measurements of sleep, fatigue, and performance in the form of instruments such as the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Samn-Perelli Crew Status Check, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, sleep logs, and a wearable actigraph for sleep log correlation and sleep duration and quality charting, a workflow flagging fatigue-prone flight operations for risk mitigation was developed and trialed. Results: In an operational study aimed at occupational assessment of fatigue and performance in airline pilots on a three-men crew versus a four-men crew for a long-haul flight, we affirmed the technical feasibility of our proposed framework and approach, the validity of the battery of assessment instruments, and the meaningful interpretation of fatigue and work performance indicators to enable the formulation of safe work recommendations. Conclusion A standardized occupational assessment protocol like ours is useful to achieve consistency and objectivity in the occupational assessment of fatigue and work performance.