We analyzed association between viewing two-dimensional computed tomography (2D CT) images in addition to radiographs with radial head treatment recommendations after accounting for patient and surgeon factors in a survey-based experiment. Methods: One hundred and fifty-four surgeons reviewed 15 patient scenarios with terrible triad fracture dislocations of the elbow. Surgeons were randomized to view either radiographs only or radiographs and 2D CT images. The scenarios randomized patient age, hand dominance, and occupation. For each scenario, surgeons were asked if they would recommend fixation or arthroplasty of the radial head. Multi-level logistic regression analysis identified variables associated with radial head treatment recommendations. Results: Reviewing 2D CT images in addition to radiographs had no statistical association with treatment recommendations. A higher likelihood of recommending prosthetic arthroplasty was associated with older patient age, patient occupation not requiring manual labor, surgeon practice location in the United States, practicing for five years or less, and the subspecialties “trauma” and “shoulder and elbow.” Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that in terrible triad injuries, the imaging appearance of radial head fractures has no measurable influence on treatment recommendations. Personal surgeon factors and patient demographic characteristics may have a larger role in surgical decision making. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic case-control study

No abstract available.
Gallstones ; Ileus

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, prognostic study, level II evidence. PURPOSE: To define the normal change in the creatine kinase (CK) levels in patients undergoing prone or supine lumbar or cervical spine surgery and to determine if positioning influences the postoperative changes in the CK levels. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Spine surgery is one of the most commonly performed and fastest growing areas of surgery in the United States. Thus, the various possible complications need to be understood, and risk factors for these complications need to be mitigated. One of the rare complications, reported in the literature as small case series and case reports, is rhabdomyolysis, diagnosed by high CK levels. Thus far, very few studies have examined the rise in CK levels following spine surgery, and to our knowledge, none has assessed the potential association of surgical positioning and the rise in CK levels. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients. We obtained their preoperative CK levels, and re-assessed their CK levels at postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, and 3, as well as at their 2-week follow-up. The data were analyzed with respect to the spine level and positioning to determine if positioning had any effect on the postoperative rise in the CK level. RESULTS: Total 94 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. The average preoperative CK level was 179.64, and the average CK level was 847.04 on POD 1. Prone positioning showed a greater rise in the CK levels following surgery than the supine positioning. In a similar manner, lumbar procedures led to a larger rise in the CK levels than cervical surgery. Prone/lumbar surgery showed the largest increase among all groups. Finally, revision surgery and instrumentation both increased the postoperative CK levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that positioning can affect the postoperative CK level rise, with patients undergoing prone/lumbar surgery showing the greatest rise in the postoperative CK levels. This rise, however, may be related to paraspinal muscle damage, rather than the positioning itself.
Creatine Kinase ; Creatine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Risk Factors ; Spine ; United States

In the present review we reported the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in face of uterine cancer, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Moreover, we made a comparison with the other imaging techniques currently used to evacuate these tumors including contrast-enhanced CT, contrast enhanced-MRI and transvaginal ultrasonography. FDG PET/CT has been reported to be of particular value in detecting occult metastatic lesions, in prediction of response to treatment and as a pro-gnostic factor.
Carcinoma/*pathology ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Uterine Neoplasms/*pathology ; Uterus

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, advancements in our ability to identify and study stem cell populations in the lung have helped researchers to elucidate the central role that cells with stem cell-like properties may have in lung tumorigenesis. Much of this research has focused on the use of the airway repair model to study response to injury. In this review, we discuss the primary evidence of the role that cancer stem cells play in lung cancer development. The implications of a stem cell origin of lung cancer are reviewed, and the importance of ongoing research to identify novel therapeutic and prognostic targets is reiterated.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung Injury ; physiopathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Regeneration

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all Canadian families, with some impacted differently than others. Our study aims to: (1) determine the prevalence and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Canadian families, (2) identify predictors of infection susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2, and (3) identify health and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study builds upon the CHILD Cohort Study, an ongoing multi-ethnic general population prospective cohort consisting of 3,454 Canadian families with children born in Vancouver, Edmonton, Manitoba, and Toronto between 2009 and 2012. During the pandemic, CHILD households were invited to participate in the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study involving: (1) brief biweekly surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and testing; (2) quarterly questionnaires assessing COVID-19 exposure and testing, vaccination status, physical and mental health, and pandemic-driven life changes; and (3) in-home biological sampling kits to collect blood and stool. In total, 1,462 households (5,378 participants) consented to the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study: 2,803 children (mean±standard deviation [SD], 9.0±2.7 years; range, 0-17 years) and 2,576 adults (mean±SD, 43.0±6.5 years; range, 18-85 years). We will leverage the wealth of pre-pandemic CHILD data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility and severity to the direct and indirect pandemic effects. Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. Additionally, this study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.