PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an intensive teaching program on the knowledge level of MI in patients with a myocardial infarction. METHOD: The subjects were 47 patients with a myocardial infarction. Of the subjects 23 were assigned to the experimental group and 24 to the control group. The data were collected through a questionnaire (Lee, 1992; Nam, 1998) survey of knowledge level. The data collection was done about MI between September 15, 1999 and December 31, 2000 after hospital discharge. Data were analyzed using the SAS program and the results are as follows. RESULTS: 1. There were no significant difference in knowledge level of the MI (P=0.621) between the two groups before the teaching program was given. 2. After 4 weeks the knowledge level about MI was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.000). 3. After 12 weeks the knowledge level about MI was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.000). 4. After 4 weeks the experimental group was at a higher scores of knowledge category about MI for nature of disease (P=0.000), risk factors, (P=0.000), diet (P=0.000), medication (P=0.000), exercise and daily activities (P=0.000) as compared to the control group. 5. After 12 weeks the experimental group was at a higher scores of knowledge category about MI for nature of disease (P=0.000), risk factors (P=0.001), diet (P=0.000), medication (P=0.000), exercise and daily activities (P=0.000) as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that the intensive teaching program used for the experimental group in this study was effective in increasing the knowledge level about MI of the patients with a myocardial infarction.
Data Collection ; Diet ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference and correlation between dietary salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method.

METHODSAll 2 184 subjects aged 18 to 69 were selected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method in Shandong province in June to September, 2011. Dietary salt intakes were measured by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method. The information on gender, age, dining locations and labour intensity of members dining at home for 3 days were recorded. And the dietary habits were surveyed by questionnaire.

RESULTSSalt intakes were 14.0, 12.0 and 10.5 g/d assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method were 2.0 g (14.3% undervalued) and 3.4 g (24.3% undervalued) less, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, the proportion of individuals with salt intake over-reported and under-reported were 42.4% (856/2 020) and 55.3% (1 117/2 020) by food weighted record method, and were 20.7% (418/2 020) and 16.3% (329/2 020) by food frequency questionnaire method, respectively; the proportion of individuals with salt intakes within ± 25% of 24 hours urinary Na method were 36.9% (745/2 020) and 28.4% (574/2 020), respectively. Salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary method correlated significantly with both salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method; the correlation coefficients were 0.13 and 0.07, respectively. With the increasing of salt intakes by subjects' self-judgment, salt intakes were all rising significantly using three survey methods. Salt intakes of three group population of light, moderate and partial taste salty were 13.6, 13.6 and 14.7 g/d by 24 hours urinary Na method (F = 0.47, P < 0.05); 11.0, 12.0 and 12.7 g/d by food weighted record method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), and 9.3, 10.2 and 11.9 g/d by food frequency questionnaire method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONComparing with 24 hours urinary method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method would undervalue dietary salt intake. Salt intake status can be more accurately assessed by adjusting the underestimation rate.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships among the service education satisfaction, service involvement, and customer orientation of hospital employees after yearly-planned MOT service education. METHODS: The data collection was done through the questionnaire survey in a university hospital located in D city from March 15 to 31, 2010. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The enrolled employees were two hundred and seventy six. Among the characteristics of employees, adequate work load, good payment, reasonable promotion system, suitability of work aptitude and good relationships with staff improved the service education satisfaction, customer orientation, and service involvement of hospital employees. For the customer orientation, old age and lower educational background were positive factors. The correlations among the service education satisfaction, customer orientation, and service involvement of hospital employees were significant. The factors that affect customer orientation and service involvement were found to be age, suitability of work aptitude and service education satisfaction. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, customer orientation and service involvement were related with the satisfaction of employees for working condition and service education. In terms of good medical service quality, plans for maintaining adequate working environment and systematic service education should be established.
Aptitude ; Data Collection ; Orientation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the prevention of needle stick injury. METHODS: Data collection was conducted during the period July 15-31, 2013 by a self-administered questionnaire involving 220 nurses working in 7 hospitals. The data was analyzed by SPSS v18 and AMOS v18. RESULTS: Actions by nurses to prevent needle stick injury were directly and indirectly influenced by perceived benefits, attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention underlying the behavior. Specially, perceived behavioral control is verified to have not only direct influence but also indirect influence on the performance of preventive action through the intention underlying the behavior. Also, perceived benefits indirectly influence the intention toward the behavior and performance of preventive action through attitude toward the behavior and perceived behavioral control. The predictor variables in this model are 52% explicable in terms of intention of prevention action against needle stick injury, and 66% explicable in terms of performance of preventive action. CONCLUSION: To ensure high performance of preventive action against needle stick injury, constructing not only the solution that inspires the intention toward behavior but also a system that can positively solve and improve obstructive factors in behavioral performance is of primary importance.
Data Collection ; Intention ; Needles* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to supply basic data for a health promoting program and to elevate the level of it by examining whether university students' health promoting behaviors were related to health perception, health concept, self-esteem, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, social support, preference, prior related behavior, and a plan for action. METHOD: Subjects were 192 university students in K city. Data collection method was a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The most powerful predictor was previous related behavior (36%). Altogether previous related behavior, health status, a plan for action, perceived self-efficacy and number of admissions were proven to account for 57% of health promoting behaviors. CONCLUSION: It suggested that prior related behavior, health status, a plan for action, perceived self-efficacy, and number of admissions should be considered when developing a students' health promoting program.
Data Collection ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Recently, the number of obese people have been increasing due to westernized diets and increased sedentary activity. In particular, obese adolescent have been newly recognized as having significant health problems. This study focuses on determining the gender difference of obese adolescents through implementation of a structured questionnaire on general characteristics, attitudes toward dieting, eating habits and emotional depression due to obesity. Data collection was carried out by 291 students in attendance at 3 high schools in Pusan from 11. 2. 1998 to 11. 30. 1998. The targes were 148 boys and 143 girls who were judged as obese in the school's physical check-up. The test of reliability of this research was calculated by chronbach's alpha . Data analysis was managed by computer and statistics by SPSS/WIN. The results of the survey are as follows: 1.For the questionnaire regarding attitudes toward dieting which include 28 items, 10 out of 28 items (about 36%)showed gender difference. 2. For the questionnaire regarding eating habits which include 17 items, 5 out of 17 items (about 30%)showed gender difference. 3.For the questionnaire regarding emotional depression about obesity, 30.6% of boys and 27.3% girls answered but no statistical significance. The results of this survey indicated that this study will be important as a good guideline for treating obese adolescents. It is hoped that much more research on gender difference in obese adolescents will be implemented in the future. In addition, the development of effective treatments for obesity should be based on the gender of the adolescent.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Data Collection ; Depression* ; Diet* ; Eating* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Obesity ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The accuracy of dietary assessments has emerged as a major concern in nutritional epidemiology and new dietary assessment tools using computer technology to increase accuracy have been developed in many countries. The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based computer-assisted personal interview system (CAPIS) for conducting dietary assessment and to evaluate its practical utilization among Koreans. The client software was developed using Microsoft's ClickOnce technology, which allows communication with a database system via an http server to add or retrieve data. The system consists of a tracking system for the subject and researcher, a data-input system during the interview, a calculation system for estimating food and nutrient intake, a data-output system for presenting the results, and an evaluation system for assessing the adequacy of nutrient and food intake. Databases of the nutrient composition of common food (n = 3,642), recipes for common dishes (n = 1,886), and photos of serving sizes for food and dishes (n = 4,152) were constructed, and logical processes for data collection, calculation, and output were developed. The functionality, on-site applicability, and efficiency of CAPIS were evaluated in a convenience sample of 181 participants (61 males, 120 females; aged 24 to 85) by comparing with manual 24 hour recall method with paper questionnaire. The CAPIS was functioned adequately in the field survey in terms of completeness of function, security, and compliance of researcher and subjects. Regarding on-site applicability, 23.2%, 32.6%, 35.4%, and 43.7% of subjects reported that CAPIS was easier to recall their diet, to estimate the amount consumed, to communicate with the interviewer, and to concentrate on the interview than the manual method with paper questionnaire, respectively. Although CAPIS required more interview time (9 min 42 sec) compared to the manual method (7 min 30 sec), it saved time and cost for data coding and entry (15 min 35 sec) and gave high satisfaction from the prompt feedback after interview to the subjects, which increase efficiency to apply on the field survey. Our results suggest that the newly developed CAPIS is suitable for conducting personal interviews for dietary assessment in Korean population.
Clinical Coding ; Compliance ; Data Collection ; Diet ; Eating ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logic ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Serving Size ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: With the recent rapid industrialization, occupational safety and health (OSH) has become an important issue in all industrial and human activities. However, incidents of injuries and fatality rates in the Ghanaian industry sector continue to increase. Despite this increase, there is no evidence regarding the element of OSH management in transport activities in Ghanaian industries. Thus, this study aims to examine the perceptions regarding the importance of safety and health in work-related transport activities in Ghanaian industries. METHODS: A survey data collection technique was used to gather information on best safety practices over a 5-month period. We randomly selected 298 respondents from industries to answer structured questionnaires. The respondents included drivers, transport managers, and safety engineers. Standard multiple regression model and Pearson product–movement correlation were used to performed the analysis. RESULTS: The result shows that for interventions to improve safety and health, concentration has been on drivers’ safety practice with less attention to safe driving environments and vehicle usage. Additionally, the respondents are aware of the importance of OSH in transport activities, but the level of integration does not measure up to the standard to reduce operational accidents and injuries. Finally, strong commitment to changing unsafe practices at all levels of operations appears to be the effective way to improve safety situations. CONCLUSION: OSH culture is not fully complied in industries transport activities. This study, therefore, supports the use of safety seminars and training sessions for industry workers responsible for transport operations for better integration of safety standards.
Data Collection ; Human Activities ; Occupational Health ; Safety Management ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine the knowledge of nursing and allied health-college students on cough etiquette and their actual compliance to it. METHODS: For data collection, a structured questionnaire was created and handed out to students from 3 colleges from November 9 to November 18, 2011. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 students, and responses from 253 students were used for data analysis. RESULTS: In total, 54.85% students provided correct answers to questions regarding their knowledge on cough etiquette. The compliance score was 34.39 (compliance rate: 61.41%). There was a positive association between knowledge of proper cough etiquette and compliance with those procedures. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that college student's knowledge of cough etiquette is low, and subsequently that their compliance with the proper procedures of cough etiquette was low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to build knowledge of proper cough etiquette amongst these students.
Compliance ; Cough ; Data Collection ; Hand ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The study examined factors related to the meaning in life in elderly in one city. METHODS: The sample consisted of 217 subjects all of which were over 60 years of age and were recruited from two community senior centers from December 2008 to February 2009. Data collection instruments were the Meaning in Life Scale, Social Support Index, CES-D, and RULS questionnaire. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean of the score from the Meaning in Life was 50.04 (range 10~70). There were significant differences in subjects' perception of meaning in life according to age, level of education, religion, having a spouse, satisfaction with relationship with children, and frequency of visits to a community senior center. Meaning in life was significantly correlated with family support, depression, and loneliness, which were significant predictors (21.5%) of meaning in life. CONCLUSION: To improve meaning in life of the elderly who visited a community senior center, nurses may pay attention to depression, loneliness, and family support.
Aged ; Child ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires