Investigation of medical wastes managing status in 699 central and communal health facilities of Tay Nguyen area in January, 2004. The results showed that: 33% hospitals had enough wastebasket putting in necessary areas. Hospitals were lacked of processing and transportation means. Almost medical wastes were hided or fired in waste hole in office's around areas. Medical wastes were processed together with living wastes. Sewage was not processed and sterilized before draining into public sewage system or direct draining to environment. The risk of environmental pollution was great
Health Services ; epidemiology ; Health Facilities

A cross-sectional survey using KAP survey was conducted in the Ea Rot hamlet, Cu Pui commune, Krongbong district of Daklak province where there settled a lot of unorganized people and a malaria outbreak occurred in 1997 to determine the malaria prevalence among the migrant people and risk factors for infection. It was found that malaria prevalence among the unorganized migrant people was higher than that of the local ones (7.8% compared to 4.07%) with p< 0.05. There was no significant difference of malaria infection rate of the migrant people between male and female, (8.63% vs 7.14%) with p>0.05, between Thai group and H'mong group (8.94% vs 6.67%) with p>0.05. However, a significant difference of malaria infection rate was found between the forest overnight and non-overnight people (25.61% vs 10.63%) with p<0.05, between the people using and not using mosquito nets (48.78% vs 77.01%) with p<0.05
Malaria ; Transients and Migrants

An evaluation of training results and efficacy for "hospital management" for some "hospital managers" to summery the experiences and find the training need for next time has shown that 208 participants trained, and a document with 373 pages and 121 pages of reference compiled. Some content of training was applied in the hospital management. There was urgent of needs of training, and training objective depended on the level of hospital.
Personnel Administration, Hospital ; Education

Since 1999, plague incidence tends to decrease and disease is localized in some linited areas in the High Plateaux region. The result of survey on flea and host showed that R.exulans was still predominant host. 100% of flea living on rat belong to X. cheopis species; Y.pestis was found in 3.54% of specimens from rats and in 1.47% of specimens from fleas. The findings suggested X.cheopis and important host (R.exulans) are the main factors of circulation of Y.pestis in the High Plateaux region
Plague ; Animals ; Fleas

Plague cases were reported at Eawy commune, Eah'leo district of Dak lak province in March 1997. Y. pestis was isolated from 1.42% of rat samples. 2.89% of rat serum samples and 20% of human serum samples contained anti-plague antibody. The reproductive season of X.cheopis has been coincided with plague season, peaking in the dry season. The plague and vector development seasons in Eawy have all typical characteristics of plague in the High-Plateau region
Plague ; Yersinia pestis ; Rats ; Humans

From 1991 to 2000 the plague in Viet Nam has remarkably controlled. The morbidity and mortality rate decreased from 439.6 patients/year during 1991-1995 to 161.2 patients/year during 1996-2000, the areas affected by plague had been narrowed, only in Gia Lai and Dac Lac provinces. The plague occours throughout the year but concerntrating in period from February to May every year. In the North, R.norvegicus is the main host and R.exulans is the common host at the other areas. The main vector of plague in Viet Nam is X.cheopis. Biological surveillance showed that: Y.pestis has been negative at the provinces and cities in the North for the past years. The possitive rate was different in the rest areas over the times
Plague ; Epidemiology ; Prevention & control

Background: In recent years, some arbo viruses which causes acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been identified in serveral countries in the world such as Chandipura virus belonging to Rhabdoviridae family in India, Banna virus belonging to Reoviridae family in China. In Vietnam, apart from Japanese Encephalitis Virus which is considered as main cause of AES, there are a few intestinal viruses like Herpes symplex virus type 1 and 4 and Nam Dinh virus considering other causes of AES. Objective: To identify the hyppothesis that one virus strain parasitizing in mosquito in Gia Lai province causes AES in order to provide more information about virus strains which cause AES in Vietnam. Subjects and method: Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36 was used for the isolation of virus in 43 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who were treated in Gia Lai hospital, from January/2005 to July/2005. Result and Conclusion: One virus strain from a 3-year old girl in Gia Lai province was isolated in 2005. The virus coded 05VN225 has the morphology similar to other viruses belonging to Reoviridea family.The nucleic acid sequence of the virus was checked with specific primers of alphavirus and flavirus groups, Nam Dinh virus and Conti virus group B (reovirus) of the Reoviridae. The positive result was confirmed with reovirus primers. This member of the Reoviridae family was isolated from acute encephalitis syndrome in Vietnam in 2005. Further study on pathology of the virus is very necessary.
Encephalitis ; Arbovirus/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Reoviridae/ growth & ; development ; pathogenicity ;