Nitration of isatin gives 5-nitroisatin (I). On boiling (I) with 5% formaldehyde solution for short periods of time, a compound was isolated which has been characterized as N-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroisatin (II). By the condensation of I (and II) with various H2N-B compounds, 17 derivatives (III-XIX) were formed. The structures of the obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were tested for biological activities such as antibacterial activity on 9 strains of bacteria
isatinecic acid ; analogs & derivatives

Nitration of furfural gave 5-nitro furfural diacetat (NFD). By the condensation of NFD with imidazolidin -2,4-dion, derivative I was formed. Compound I underwent Mannich reaction and gave II-V with formaldehyd (36% aqueous solution) and various amines. The structure of synthesized compounds were characterized by UV and IR. The obtained products were tested for biological activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. All synthesized compounds showed a high antibacterial activity on 8 strains of bacteria and a high antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Among these, derivative I showed the highest activity.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents

Nitration of furfural to give 5-nitrofurfural diacetate (NFD). By the condensation of NFD with 2-butanone (or acethylacetone), two cetone a, b-ethylenic deriva-tives (I,II) were formed. Condensation of furfural with acetone to give (XII). Condensation of I (or II or XII) with various H2N-B compounds to give 15 derivatives (III-XI, XIII- XVIII). The structure of the obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis and IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.The synthesized compounds were tested for biological ethylenic activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. Among these, two cetone a, b-ethylenic derivatives of 5-nitrofurfural (I,II) showed a high antibacterial activity on 10 strains of bacteria and a high antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Chemical synthesis ; Physiological Effects of Drugs ; Furaldehyde ; Analogs & derivatives

BACKGROUND: In order to provide essential scientific evidence on the population's health status and social health determinants as well as the current capacity of the health care system in Vietnam to health policy makers and managers, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, and Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy collaborated with Seoul National University (Korea) and conducted a health system survey in the Quoc Oai district (of Hanoi capital) that represented northern rural Vietnam. METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The survey covered different topics (more than 200 questions) and was administered in three separate questionnaires: 1) Basic information of all household members; 2) Household characteristics; and 3) Individual characteristics. Socio-demographic characteristics among the households and individuals were collected from 2,400 households sampled by multi-stage cluster sampling method: more than 200 questions. RESULTS: The household size of Quoc Oai was larger than the national average and there was no significant difference in gender composition. In addition, the proportions of pre-elderly, age 55–64, and elderly group (65 years old and over) were higher than the national population statistics. In this context, demographic transition has begun in Quoc Oai. CONCLUSION: This study design description provides the basic information about a baseline survey of a future prospective cohort (as a part of a collaborative project on strengthening the health system in Vietnam) to the prospective data user of this survey.
Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Methods ; Pharmacy ; Population Characteristics ; Population Dynamics ; Prospective Studies ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vietnam

Objective: To describe the burden of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and the infrastructure and current practices of SARI management in hospitals in Viet Nam. Methods: We conducted a short observational study at critical care units (CCUs) in 32 district hospitals and 16 provincial hospitals in five provinces in Viet Nam from March to July 2019. We collected data on hospital equipment and medicines used in SARI management. At the patient level, data were collected for 14 consecutive days on all patients presenting to CCUs, including information on demographics, intervention and treatment within 24 hours of CCU admission and 7-day outcome. Results: There were significant differences between district and provincial hospitals in the availability of microbial culture, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, inflammatory markers and mechanical ventilation. Among 1722 eligible patients admitted to CCUs, there were 395 (22.9%) patients with SARI. The median age of SARI patients was 74 (interquartile range: 58–84) years; 49.1% were male. Although systemic antibiotics were available in all hospitals and were empirically given to 93.4% of patients, oseltamivir was available in 25% of hospitals, and only 0.5% of patients received empiric oseltamivir within 24 hours of admission. The 7-day mortality was 6.6% (26/395). Independent factors associated with 7-day mortality were septic shock and requiring respiratory support within 24 hours of admission. Discussion: SARI is a major burden on CCUs in Viet Nam. Barriers to delivering quality care include the limited availability of diagnostics and medication and non-protocolized management of SARI in CCUs.