Objective To explore the methods and key points of nursing care for myogenic fecal incontinence.Methods There were 65 patients with myogenic fecal incontinence in this study.All these patients had undergone sphincter reconstruction surgery.Holistic nursing and biofeedback training were provided for all these patients after surgery.Results The complications in these patients included diaper rash of 32 cases,perianal ulcer 12 cases,urinary infection 7 cases,postoperative wound infection 16 cases.After treatment and holistic care,all the diaper rash disappeared and all the peroanal ulcer healed.The urinary infection for those 7 patients were controlled.Fifteen postoperative wound infection were cured,and one recovered after intestinal fistula.Six months to two years follow-up revealed that the clinical score after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (1.72±0.22 vs 4.01±0.36).Conclusions Enema,holistic nursing care and rehabilitation training are important for rehabilitation of myogenic fecal incontinence.

Objective To study the adsorption capability of chitosan(CTS)for Ni~(2+)in water.Methods The effects of different adsorption time(0-360 min),different temperature(25-60℃)and different initial pH value of the solution(4-8)on the adsorption were investigated.The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of CTS for Ni~(2+)in water were also studied and the IR of CTS and CTS-Ni~(2+)were determined.Results The maximal adsorption quantity could reach to 42.15 mg/g in the optimum condition that the temperature is 25℃,pH value was 7.0 and the adsorption time was 4 h.The adsorption kinetics showed that the pseudo-second-order equation was suitable for describing the adsorption of CTS for Ni~(2+)and the related correlation coefficients were more than 0.99.The calculated value of equilibrium adsorption quantity of Ni~(2+)was 45.05 mg/g.Study of adsorption thermodynamics showed that the linear regression equation of lnk and 1/T was lnk=-0.827 7/T+3.416 2,and the correlation coefficient was 0.998 9.The enthalpy change(△H~0)was 6.88 kJ/mol and the entropy change(△S~0)was 28.40 J/(mol?K).The IR showed that the coordination reaction occurred between-NH_2,-OH of CTS and Ni~(2+).Conclusion CTS can effectively remove Ni~(2+) in water.The adsorption of CTS for Ni~(2+)is spontaneous and endothermic.High temperature which is beneficial to the adsorption does not influence the adsorption quantity obviously.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects and its mechanism of Ginkoglide A on stress ulceration in fats. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, and Ginkgolides pretreatment group. The stress ulceration was produced by water immersion restraint, and gastric myoelectric activity during during was recorded by implanting electrodes in the stomach antrum smooth muscle. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superox- ide dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma, and gastric mucusal lesions were examined after the rat was killed. RE- SULT: Compared with the control group, previous intraperitoneal administratin of Ginkgolide A (5 - 20 mg/kg) not only had a highly significant decrease on stress - induced myoelectric activity disorder (P

Depression is a common mental disorder. It is estimated that by 2020, the global incidence of depression will be about 20%, which will bring huge economic burden to society. The pathogenesis of depression is complicated, the diagnostic method is not objective, and the cure rate is low. Antidepressants are often associated with adverse reactions during treatment, and patient compliance is poor. Therefore, a single component with antidepressant effects in natural medicines or a compound Chinese medicine gradually shows an advantage in the treatment of depression. Berberine (C₂₀H₁₈NO₄) is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine Coptis. In recent years, a large amount of evidence indicates that berberine has a good antidepressant effect on different animal models of depression, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of monoamines and metabolism, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation in the brain. This article describes the antidepressant effect and mechanism of berberine, and provides a basis for further exploration and research on the antidepressant effect of berberine.

Objective    To analyze the effect of 3D simulation technique in thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods    From June 2015 to January 2018, 124 patients with left lower lobe resection underwent thoracoscopy with single-port thoracoscopic surgery, including 64 males and 60 females, aged 42–83 years. They were randomly divided into two groups including an experimental group (preoperatively given 3D simulation surgery in 59 patients) and a control group (preoperatively not given 3D simulation surgery in 65 patients). The clinical effect between the two groups was compared. Results    All patients recovered without any death during hospitalization. In the experimental group, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative drainage volume, and duration of drainage tube retention and analgesic drug usage between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion    3D simulation technique for thoracoscopic lobectomy has advantage in short operation time, minor trauma and quick recovery. It has a guiding role in the preoperative planning of lung cancer surgery and is worthy of popularization and application.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on the camptothecin (CPT) content, tryptophan synthase (TSB) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) activities in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings.

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pairs of leaves were subjected to 5 different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio (0 : 100, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 100 : 0) treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content, TSB activity in the young leaves and TDC in the stem barks of the seedlings were determined by HPLC on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th day, respectively.

RESULTThe obvious relationship between CPT content and nitrogen forms was observed. When NH4(+) - N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, CPT accumulation in young leaves displayed the best advantages (the highest value is 5.69 per thousand) and increased in the early 30 days of treatment and then declined. There was no obvious relationship between TSB activity in the young leaves and nitrogen forms. TDC activity in the stem bark was the highest when NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, and the change of TDC activity paralleled to CPT content in the young leaves.

CONCLUSIONA short-term treatment that NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25:75 may gain high CPT content in the young leaves through enhancing the TDC activity in the stem bark of C. acuminata seedlings.

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases ; metabolism ; Camptotheca ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tryptophan Synthase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen concentration on the camptothecin (CPT) content in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings:

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pair of leaves were subjected to five nitrogen concentrations treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content in the seedlings was determined by HPLC on the 20th, 35th, 50th, 65th and 80th day respectively.

RESULTThe CPT content in the young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings supplied with different nitrogen concentration was significantly higher than that in other organs (P < 0.01), and it showed a single peak curve with the time course, the highest CPT content was observed on the 50th day after treatment. The CPT content in the young leaves obviously declined with increasing nitrogen concentration, and it reached the highest (6.72%) when nitrogen concentration was 4 mmol x L(-1), equal to 1.1 times that of 16 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that proper deficient nitrogen stress can significantly enhance CPT accumulation in young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings.

Camptotheca ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nitrogen ; pharmacology ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of berberine (Ber) on myocardial injury induced by exhaustion exercise (Ee). Methods: Forty healthy male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random unit group design method: control group, Ee group and Ee plus Ber group (low: 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, medium: 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and high dose: 150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, n=8 each). Ber (1.5 ml) or equal volume saline was given per gavage for 14 days. Rats assigned to Ee groups underwent Ee swimming once daily and rats in control group remain sedentary. After 14 days, echocardiographic measurements were performed and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) were obtained. The morphological structure of heart was detected by HE and Masson staining. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The protein expression of myocardial hypertrophy marker protein B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and apoptotic marker protein (Bcl-2, Bax) in rat myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot. Results: (1) Both LVFS and LVEF were significantly lower, and LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly larger in Ee group than those in control group (all P<0.01). The LVFS and LVEF in medium dose of Ber and high-dose Ber groups were significantly higher, and the LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly smaller than those in Ee group (all P<0.01). (2) The results of HE staining showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in morphology, clear in structure, and uniform in staining. The myocardial cells of rats in Ee group were disarranged, cell staining was uneven, and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm. The disorder of myocardial cell arrangement and unequal staining in the medium dose of Ber were attenuated than in Ee group. The Masson staining results showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in shape, clear in structure, and rarely blue-stained (fibrosis). Myocardial cells in rats in Ee group showed obvious fibrosis. The myocardial cell fibrosis in rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly reduced than exercise group. (3) MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in Ee group was significantly higher than that of control group, and MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in medium dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). The SOD activity of myocardial tissue in rats was significantly lower than that of control group, while that of rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly higher than that of rats in Ee group (P<0.01). (4) TUNEL staining results showed that only a small amount of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in control group, and a large number of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in rats in Ee group. However, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in medium dose of Ber was significantly lower than that in Ee group. The AI of rat cardiomyocytes was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the AI of rat cardiomyocytes in median dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). (5) BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues of rats in Ee group were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues in median dose of Ber group were significantly lower than that of Ee group (P<0.01). The myocardial protein expression level of Bax was significantly higher, and the myocardial protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly lower in Ee group than in control group (both P<0.01), treatment with median dose of Ber could partly reverse above changes (both P<0.01). Conclusion Ber can attenuate exhaustion exercise induced myocardial injury and remodeling in rats, and the beneficial effects of Ber might possibly be mediated by reducing free radical release and cardiomyocytes apoptosis.

Objective To study the value of chest radiograph and thin-section computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis bronchiolitis obliterans in children, and to determine clinical view of obliterative bronchilitis in children. Methods We identified 12 infants, 10 boys, and 2 girls (age range, 5 month to 11 years) with clinical confirmation of bronchiolitis obliterans. Three cases were after Steven-Johnson syndrome, 8 were post-infection(2 adenovirus, 2 measles and 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 3 cases were unknown etiology infection) ; The symptoms lasted for at least 6 weeks. One case had lung ventilation nuclear scan. We evaluated individual bronchscopy, pulmonary function test, chest radiograph and thin-section CT features and their characteristic appearance. Results All cases had typical clinical characteristics and pulmonary function testing results that were consistent with nonreversible small airways obstruction. One case had lung ventilation nuclear scan illustrated absent and reduced ventilation of the right lower lobe. Nine cases who underwent bronchoscopy were chronic endobronchial inflammation. Three children had transbronchial biopsy and 1 patient who underwent open pulmonary biopsies were uncertain of histological diagnosis. Chest radiography showed hyperinflation in 8 cases; peribronchial thickening in 6 cases; consolidation/atelectasia in 6 cases; unilateral hyperlucency of a small/normal-sized lung in 4 cases. Thin-section CT/HRCT features included: mosaic perfusion pattern, decreased lung attenuation in 11 cases, pulmonary vascular attenuation in 10 cases; bronchial dilatation in 7 cases; bronchial wall thickening in 9 cases; unilateral hyperlucency of a small/normal-sized lung in 5 cases; consolidation in 6 cases; nodular in 3 cases; mucoid impaction in 5 cases. Conclusions In our study, correct diagnoses of bronchiolitis obliterans in children were made more special with thin-section CT than with chest radiographs. The diagnosis of BO in children can be based on the characteristic clinical situation, pulmonary function, indicating minimally reversible airways obstruction and characteristic thin-section CT findings.

Objective The hypoxic-ischemic(HI) cardio-cerebral damage caused by cardiac arrest in perioperative period is the main cause of acute and chronic disability in children patients.To investigate role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of mice.Methods The hypoxic-ischemic mice model was established by the bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia treatment.The neurobehavior of mice in HI model group,sham-operated group,and comparative group were evaluated within 48 hours after operation.After 48 hours,the mice were killed to evaluate the brain water content,mitochondria content,swelling,antioxidant capacity,and respiratory function.Results Within 0,24 hours after operation,the abnormal rate of the neurobehavior of HI model mice was 83.33％,which was significantly higher than comparative and sham-operated groups.The water content of right brain was significantly increased evidently compared to the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The content and swelling of mitochondria in brain were increased.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the glutathione (GSH) content,respiratory state 3 (ST3),and respiration control of rate (RCR) were significantly decreased; while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ST4 were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The brain tissue showed different swelling,the mitochondrial function occurred disorder,which might play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of mice.