Cavity is the frequent imaging findings of lung diseases. Many pulmonary diseases can form cavity in the course and are difficult to distinguish. Peripheral lung cancer is a common malignant tumour and can form cavity. The definition and pathological basis of lung cavity, CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer cavity and the application of multi-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of lung disease with cavity were reviewed in this article.

Objective To understand the bronchovascular nodule notch sign based on pathology and to evaluate the potential role in detecting this "sign"by multiplanar reconstruction(MPR).Methods ① 91 cases of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) and 55 cases of benignant nodule,confirmed by pathology were analysed.11 fresh lobectonic specimens including 9 cases with SPLC and 2 cases with benignant nodule were collected to make the gross pathologyical sections.The bronchovascular convergences in benign and malignant nodule were analysed comparatively.② MPR in 20 cases with malignant nodule and 13 cases with benign nodle were performed in order to observe the bronchovascular convergences.Results ① The specialty of nodule notch sign was 95.2% for malignant tumors.② The detecting rate of nodule notch sign on MPR in malignant nodule was 70%,which was of significant difference between MPR and plain CT scan.Conclusion "Notch sign" is of important value in the diagnosis of SPLC associated with BVC.The detected rate of "notch sign"will be improved by spiral CT MPR.

Objective To study the chest X-ray appearances and dynamic imaging changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome diagnosed clinically. Methods The sequential chest X-ray examinations at 1-4 day intervals were performed in 72 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Results The findings on chest X-ray images were analyzed. The abnormalities on the chest X-ray films most commonly occurred at 4-7 days after onset (53 cases, 73.6%), and the most severe manifestations on the chest films usually presented at 8-14 days (54 cases, 75.0%). The absorption of the abnormal changes on the films occurred at 15-21 days in most cases (37 cases, 51.4%). The main features included bilateral or unilateral single or multiple patchy shadows (58 cases, 80.6%), and the lesions changed rapidly at the peak period. The lesions presented wandering features in some cases. The lesions still remained on CT scans in 11 cases (11/20, 55.0%) within one month after the absorption on X-ray film. Conclusion The chest radiography can be used to display dynamic changes of SARS, but it isn't able to distinctly demonstrate tine pulmonary lesions of SARS.

Objective To investigate the imaging finding,the pathologic bases,and the diagnostic value of nodule notch due to pleural indentation (NNPI),and to evaluate the potential role of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in the diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) associated with pleural indentation (PI).Methods (1) 91 cases of SPLC and 59 cases of benign nodule confirmed by pathology were collected in this paper.A correlative study was done between the two groups.Eleven fresh lobectonic specimens from 9 cases of SPLC and 2 cases of benign nodule were collected.A correlative study to the preoperative CT scans,postoperative scans of the inflated specimens with the gross pathology of the specimens was done.(2) Twenty cases of SPLC and 12 cases of benign nodule,associated with PI,were collected in the study about MPR.Attention was focused on its role in showing NNPI.Results (1) NNPI was depicted as follows: On the position of the connection between the nodule and the line associated with PI,and a notch was shaped on the margin of nodule.The specificity of NNPI to malignant PI was 96.5%.(2) On MPR image,the occurrence of NNPI (80%) was higher than that on CT scans (? 2=13.205,P

Objective To analyze the CT characteristic of pulmonary inflammatory mass and peripheral lung cancer, and to look for the method of diagnosis solitary pulmonary nodule. Methods 28 patients of pulmonary inflammatory masses and 33 patients of peripheral lung cancers were included in the study,all patients conformed by pathology. The lesions were divided into typical and atypical masses according to morphology. Observing the signs of lesions and using the results ameliorate the morphological classification. Tested the method by ROC. Results According to the standard of morphology, the diagnosis sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of inflammatory mass are 64.3%, 72.7% and 68.9% respectively. The ameliorated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are 75%, 81.8% and 78 7% respectively. Conclusion The method of making morphology as basement and sign as supplement can improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate whether dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) can help clinicians in differentiating malignant tumors from benign lesions and in predicting and correlating the histologic grade for breast cancer patients.Methods DCE-MRI from 98 patients (with histopathological confirmation) in our department were retrospectively analyzed.In the first dynamic phase,the hot and cold spot ROIs were selected as the regions with maximum and minimum Slopein,respectively.The kinetic characteristics (including hot spot,cold spot,and heterogeneous characteristics) and morphologic features were evaluated.The ROC curve analysis was used to test the diagnostic power of all DCE-MRI parameters (inflow slope,Slopein ; washout slope; inflow slope ratio; washout slope ratio; time-signal intensity curve shape; rim enhancement; internal homogeneity) for differentiating malignant tumors from benign breast lesions.Joncheere-Terpstra test was adopted to analyze the kinetic data.Categorical data were analyzed by using the Fisher test.Results Hot spot Slopein might have the biggest area (0.620) under the ROC curve (but not significant) among all the different MRI parameters(P ＞ 0.05).Its sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value were 63.2％ (55/87) and 72.7％ (8/11),respectively.The cold spot parameter Slopein(P =0.025),heterogeneity parameter ratio-in (P =0.031),and internal homogeneity (P =0.032) showed a significant correlation with histologic grade.The median and quartile of cold spot Slopein in pathologic Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were 6.1 × 10-3,5.4 × 10-3 and 1.4 × 10-3,respectively;inflow slope ratio:6.6,9.8 and 17.6 ; pathologic Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ showed 2,1,and 0 patients with homogeneity enhancement,respectively ; intermediate enhancement:5,12,and 2 patients,respectively;heterogeneity enhancement:2,6,and 8 patients.Conclusions The DCE-MRI is a potential tool in helping clinicians to predict the histologic grading in breast cancers.Parameter hot spot Slopein might help differentiae malignant tumors from the benign counterpart.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors,characteristics,measures of prevention and treatment of hospital fungal infection among maintenance hemodialysis patients.METHODS Clinical data of 128 maintenance hemodialysis patients between Jan 2002 and Dec 2006 were enrolled in this retrospective study of hospitalized infection cases.RESULTS During above period,36 infection episodes of 27 cases were occurred.The major infection site was lungs(69.4%).the Candida albicans was the main pathogen species(61.1%).The underlying and complicating diseases such as diabetes,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tumor,long antibiotics using,long hospitalization,poor nutrition status,inadequate hemodialysis,and venous indwelling catheter were the risk factors which led to fungal infection among maintenance hemodialysis patients.CONCLUSIONS The maintenance hemodialysis patients are easy to induce fungal infection.The C.albicans is the main pathogen species.The incidence of underlying diseases is rather high.Treatment of original diseases and complicating diseases,the standard using of antibiotics,adequate hemodialysis,the nutrition status and the reduction of the indwelling time of venous catheter are all the keys to decrease the fungal infection.

Purpose To study X-ray and CT findings of pulmonary infection in AIDS. Methods We evaluate 10 cases who have chest abnormalities. The all patients have X-ray and CT examination. Results Imaging of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS, including infiltrative imaging and diffuse patchy imaging, enlarged mediastinum lymph nodes and extra chest enlarged lymph nodes. The imaging of legionella species is infiltrative imaging. Carinii pneumonia appearances diffuse infiltrative and interstitial abnormalities. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis, legionella species and carinii pneumonia are common infections in AIDS. The patchy, consolidations, diffused diseases and enlarged lymph nodes are important imaging appearances.

Objective To assess the mammographic features of early breast carcinoma on CR and the correlation between the mammographic and pathologic findings.Methods CR mammograms in 43 patients with breast carcinoma confirmed pathologically,including ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)and DCIS associated with small invasive foci(n=30),infiltrating ductal carcinoma(n=12),invasive lobular carcinoma(n=1)were analysed retrospectively.The correlation between the mammographic features and pathologic findings was also evaluated.Results(1)In the 43 cases of early breast cancer,micro-calcifications(n=21),nodular(n=15),and asymmetric increasing density with disorder structure(n=7)were seen on CR mammograms.(2)mini-mammary structure of early breast carcinoma could be seen on CR mammography.Conclusion CR mammography is of significant value in diagnosis of early breast carcinoma.

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