It is very difficult for the medical postgraduate students to write the literature review article. So it is necessary to discuss the writing skills and give them instructions systematically. In this paper, Investigating the importance of the review article,the principle of selecting topic,the procedure of choosing and arranging the literature information,the main points of each part of the article,and how to submit the article for publication.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperoxie liquid on neuron apoptosis in rabbit with traffic brain injury. Methods Rabbit models of brain injury were established by screening suit-able striking intensity and supplied respectively with hyperoxic liquid for 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml each day to observe the respiratory control rate(RCR) of mitochondria, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis rate of neurocytes and NSS grade.Meanwhile, non-intervention group and control groups were set.Results The rabbit model made by striking velocity of 72 km/h was selected as the study object.MMP, RCR, phosphate/oxygen ratio(P/O), oxygenated phosphate rate(OPR) and apopto-sis rate of neurocytes and NSS grade in control and treatment group showed statistical difference compared with non-intervention group(P<0.05).MMP, RCR, P/O and OPR in 100 ml hyperoxic liquid treat-ment group were higher than those in 75 ml hyperoxie liquid treatment group(P<0.05), but the apopto-sis rate of neurocytes and NSS grade showed no statistical difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Intra-venous hyperoxic liquid infusion can decrease apoptosis rate of neurocytes, as indicates that hyperoxic liq-uid affects apoptosis of neurocytes and hence ameliorates prognosis mainly by intervening respiratory func-tion of mitechondria.

Objective To understand the bronchovascular nodule notch sign based on pathology and to evaluate the potential role in detecting this "sign"by multiplanar reconstruction(MPR).Methods ① 91 cases of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) and 55 cases of benignant nodule,confirmed by pathology were analysed.11 fresh lobectonic specimens including 9 cases with SPLC and 2 cases with benignant nodule were collected to make the gross pathologyical sections.The bronchovascular convergences in benign and malignant nodule were analysed comparatively.② MPR in 20 cases with malignant nodule and 13 cases with benign nodle were performed in order to observe the bronchovascular convergences.Results ① The specialty of nodule notch sign was 95.2% for malignant tumors.② The detecting rate of nodule notch sign on MPR in malignant nodule was 70%,which was of significant difference between MPR and plain CT scan.Conclusion "Notch sign" is of important value in the diagnosis of SPLC associated with BVC.The detected rate of "notch sign"will be improved by spiral CT MPR.

Objective To investigate the imaging finding,the pathologic bases,and the diagnostic value of nodule notch due to pleural indentation (NNPI),and to evaluate the potential role of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in the diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) associated with pleural indentation (PI).Methods (1) 91 cases of SPLC and 59 cases of benign nodule confirmed by pathology were collected in this paper.A correlative study was done between the two groups.Eleven fresh lobectonic specimens from 9 cases of SPLC and 2 cases of benign nodule were collected.A correlative study to the preoperative CT scans,postoperative scans of the inflated specimens with the gross pathology of the specimens was done.(2) Twenty cases of SPLC and 12 cases of benign nodule,associated with PI,were collected in the study about MPR.Attention was focused on its role in showing NNPI.Results (1) NNPI was depicted as follows: On the position of the connection between the nodule and the line associated with PI,and a notch was shaped on the margin of nodule.The specificity of NNPI to malignant PI was 96.5%.(2) On MPR image,the occurrence of NNPI (80%) was higher than that on CT scans (? 2=13.205,P

Objective To analyze the expression of cholecystokinin(CCK) in rat' s hippocampus and cerebral cortex following heat stress and febrile convulsions (FC). Methods Warm water was used to induce FC model. Immunohistochemistry method tested CCK protein. Results Very few or no CCK neurons were seen in the control rats. There was weaker expression of CCK in cerebral cortex of HS group,mainly located in PIR,ENT and RS subfield.No CCK positive ceiis were seen in hippocampus of HS rats. In contrast, abundant expression of CCK protein was found in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of FC group. They were well-distributed, without characteristic subnucleus-specific distribution. Conclusion Abundant induction of CCK in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of FC group suggested that CCK may play a role in the central control of FC.

Objective To analyze HRCT and thin-slice CT scan findings in 150 patients with pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule, and to find the features with the purpose of identifying random micronodule, peri-lymphatic micronodule, and centrilobular micronodule. Methods The useful features in 150 patients with pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule were translated into scores by means of discrimination method of large log-likelihood to identify the micronodular category. Results The accuracy of diagnosis was 94.0% for random micronodule, 76.0% for peri-lymphatic micronodule, and 90.0% for centrilobular micronodule. Conclusion HRCT and thin-slice CT scans were helpful in differential diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule. The discrimination method of large log-likelihood was propitious to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) after severe trauma and the effect of Prostaglandin E1(PGE1). Methods AO/EB fluorescent staining method was used to detect the apoptosis ratio of PMN in 40 patients with MODS and 20 patients without MODS after severe trauma, and 20 healthy people(control group).Different concentration of PGE1 was added to the all patients and its effect on PMN was observecl. Results Apoptosis ratio of PMN decreased significantly in patients with MODS and increased when PGE1 was added(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Rosuvastatin on micro-inflammatory and serum lipids in hemodialysis patients. Method A total of 100 hemodialysis patients enrolled in our hospital from April 2014 to April 2016 was divided into control and treatment group. The control group received regular hemodialysis. The treat-ment group received regular hemodialysis combined with rosuvastatin. The general information ,micro inflammatory index ,serum lipids and clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups. There was no significant dif-ference between the two groups in terms of age,sexual,time of hemodialysis,primary disease,ultrafiltration vol-ume,MQSGA score,BUN,Scr,TC and TG. There was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of CRP ,IL-6 ,TNF-α,TC ,LDL ,TG before the treatment. The treatment group was significantly lower than that of control group ,in terms of CRP ,IL-6 ,TNF-α,TG ,LDL ,TC and BUA ,after treatment. In the 3-month treatment,50 patients in control and treatment group appears weakness:4 vs. 0(8%vs. 0%,P=0.041);fatigue symptom:7 vs. 1(14%vs. 2%,P=0.027);muscle spasm:8 vs. 2(16%vs. 4%,P=0.045);hypotension:5 vs. 0(4% vs. 2%,P = 0.021). Treatment group was remarkably lower than control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Rosuvastatin can effectively alleviate the micro-inflammatory state of remission ,reduce serum lipid and uric acid in hemodialysis patients ,and improve the complications in hemodialysis.

Objective To analyze the features of EMU survived casualties and the rescue during a head -on- rear collision between two EMU trains on 23 July 2011 ( July 23 train collision accident) at Wenzhou station.Methods The casualties treated in many major hospitals in Wenzhou were surveyed within 24 hours after the accident occurred.The data of age,gender,type of injury and injury severity of the wounded were analyzed.Results A total of 136 casualties were treated within the first 24 hours after the accident occurred,and the male patients and female patients accounted for 55.89％ and 44.11％ respectively,blunt trauma was the main cause of injuries.The percent of multiple injuries in the wounded survivals accounted for 79.41％.The most common injury site of the survived casualties was chest,followed by four limbs and spine.All the wounded were rescued on the spot and were referred to the hospitals with better medical facilities.Conclusions There was no significant difference in gender of the wounded.Blunt trauma was the leading cause of injuries,and the chest,four limbs and spine were the liable parts of body to be traumatized.Saving life,triaging and transferring the wounded as soon as possible were the major algorithm during the initial stage of medical rescue after the accident occurred.

Objective To investigate the change of gene rstn expression in brain tissues following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A total 90 SD rats were involved in the study and divided into normal control group (5 rats), sham operation group (10 rats), mild, moderate and severe trauma groups (25 rats per group). Rat model was made with sap pressure clash method and RT-PCR assay was employed to detect expression change of gene rstn at 3, 6, 24, 72 h and 1, 2, 4 weeks after TBI. The change of peripheral blood glucose concentration was measured in moderate trauma group to observe its relationship with gene rstn expression in brain tissue. Results Postoperative expression of gene rstn was increased in severe trauma group at 24 hours, in moderate trauma group at 72 hours and in mild trauma group at four weeks (P＜0.05). The expression of gene rstn was increased in hippocampus, thalamus and cortex of all trauma groups at four weeks postoperatively, when the hippocampus showed the highest expression while the thalamus showed the least (P＜ 0.05). Moreover, the expression of gene rstn showed high level in injury side but low level in contralateral side in different districts (P ＜ 0.05). The expression of gene rstn was increased the most obviously in severe trauma group (P ＜0.05). Peripheral blood glucose concentration showed a linearity positive correlation with gene rstn expression in brain tissue (R=5.32,P＜0.05). Conclusions Expression of gene rstn shows obvious increase after TBI, and the time course correlates with the injury severity. The gene rstn expresses the most in the ipsilateral hippocampus. There shows a certain correlation between gene rstn expression and peripheral blood glucose concentration in brain tissues after TBI.