Objective To observe changes of venous blood gas when applying tourniquets to arterial bleeding dog models and compare the injury of the bundled tissues caused by three different tourniquets. Methods A total of 18 dogs were randomly divided to three groups and made into femoral artery bleeding model of the hind limbs. Then, rubber tubing, half-hitch tourniquet and multi-function pressure-control bandage (hemostatic bandage group) were employed respectively for femoral artery hemostasis in three groups. The pressure produced by the bandage and femoral vein blood gas indices were measured at 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 hours respectively after tourniquet application. Results The pressure produced by the hemostatic bandage group was 0.74 kg, which was obviously lower than 1.46 kg in the rubber tubing group and 2.09 kg in the half-hitch tourniquet group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). At one hour after hemostasis, PvO2 was (36.45 ± 10.45 )mm Hg in the hemostatic bandage group and (28.73 ± 9.07 )mm Hg in the rubber tubing group, which was significantly higher than (21.87 ±4.30) mm Hg in the half-hitch tourniquet group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). At 3 and 6 hours after hemostasis, PvCO2 was (50.67 ± 9.31 ) mm Hg and (60.02 ± 10.85)mm Hg respectively in the hemostatic bandage group, while (16.85 ± 16.51 )mm Hg and ( 60.02 ± 10.85) mm Hg respectively in the rubber tubing group, which were lower than that in the half-hitch tourniquet group ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ) . Conclusion Compared with rubber tubing and Halfhitch tourniquet, the hemostatic bandage can efficiently stop bleeding under slight pressure, with the least injury to the bundled tissues.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic method of extracranial athemsclerotic carotid artery stenosis . Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 51 patients with angiography confirmed carotid artery stenosis from January 2012 to June 2012 in our hospital.The carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was performed in 16 cases, while the carotid artery stenting (CAS) was performed in 35 cases. Results All the 51 operations were successfully completed .There were 1 case of transient ischemic attack ( TIA) 3 days after CEA operation , 1 case of postoperative stroke after CAS operation , and 1 case of carotid sinus pressure after CAS operation . The follow-up period of all the cases was 9-15 months, with an average of 13.6 months.Ultrasound review of the carotid artery found no restenosis. Conclusion According to medical information of the patients with extracranial carotid atherosclerotic stenosis , we tend to adopt the CAS treatment in patients with following situations: ①transient ischemic attack at least once within 6 months, with symptoms or signs lasting for more than 24 hours and the degree of carotid stenosis ≥70%;②mild than disabling stroke onset at least once within 6 months, with symptoms or signs lasting for more than 24 hours and the degree of carotid stenosis ≥70%; ③carotid artery stenosis ≥2 cm under neck vascular CTA and cerebral angiography .We tend to adopt CEA treatment in patients with following situations:①asymptomatic carotid stenosis with degree ≥70%;②symptomatic carotid stenosis with degree range from 50%to 69%;③asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis with degree <70%, but with instable situation of lesions under angiography or other examinations .

Objective To understand the perceptions of normal and ideal body size in registered nurses and nursing students,and to analyze the impacts of individual weight levels and misperception of body weight on their such cognitions.Methods A cross-sectional survey of 407 nursing students from two hospitals and 466 registered nurses from one hospital was conducted with the questionnaire survey.Sociodemographic information,actual weight,perceived weight levels and scores for figure rating scale were included.Results FRS scores for normal and ideal body size to male were significantly higher than to female either in registered nurses or in nursing students; FRS scores for ideal body size to both sexes were significantly lower than those for normal body size among registered nurses and nursing students.There were no statistically significant associations between FRS scores for normal and ideal body size and individuals' weight levels and misperceptions of body weight among registered nurses and nursing students.Conclusions There existed differences in rating female and male body size among registered nurses and nursing students,with “bigger” normal and ideal body sizes to male,Nurses preferred to “thinner” ideal body size in comparison to normal body size.

Objective To study the perioperative morbidity and mortality of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm ( TAA ) and analyze the relationship between the preoperative or intraoperative risk factors and the morbidity or mortality. MethodsTwenty-three TAA cases undergoing surgery between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 2001 were enrolled. Preoperative cardial, pulmonary, hepatic and renal function, the site and period of intraoperative aortic clamping as well as the emergency operation were taken into account to evaluate independent determinants of the perioperative morbidity and mortality. ResultsThe perioperative morbidity and mortality were 87.0% and 30.4% respectively. As to the morbidity, pulmonary, hepatorenal dysfunction and paraplegia are commonly seen in perioperative period of TAA. Acute renal failure is the most important cause of perioperative death. ConclusionsIntraoperative aortic blocking and massive blood transfusion are the independent determinants influencing perioperative adverse events significantly.

Objective To study operative morbidity and mortality of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) and analyze the correlation between the preoperative or intraoperative risk factors and the morbidity or mortality. Methods Between Jan 1993 and Dec 2001, 120 IAAA cases undergoing surgery were analyzed. Preoperative cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic and renal condition, time of intraoperative aortic clamping as well as emergent operation were taken into account to evaluate the independent determinants of operative morbidity and mortality. Results The operative morbidity was 56.7% and mortality was 10.0%, with the mortality of elective surgery of 5.4% and emergent surgery of 66.7%. Conclusion Preoperative coronary heart disease, hypertention, renal dysfunction and massive blood transfution intra- or postoperatively adversely influenced the postoperative outcome significantly.

Objective: To investigate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of vitamin E succinate (VES) on human colon cancer cells and to analyze the modulation of apoptosis-mediator Fas expression in this process. Methods: Human colon cancer cell line LS174T was treated with VES for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h at the concentrations of 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20mg/L. 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effect of VES on the growth of colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry was then used to analyze the cell cycle of the colon cancer cells after being treated with VES and the apoptotic rate was calculated at the same time. To find out whether the Fas protein expression was modulated in this process, Western blotting assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the Fas protein level in whole cell lystates and on cell surface. Results: VES exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human colon cancer cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. After being treated with VES at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L for 48 h, the apoptotic rate of LS174T cells rose from 0.90% to 15.9%, 46.7% and 64.5%, respectively. Fas neutralizing antibody can significantly block VES-induced apoptosis. After the administration of VES, total Fas protein in whole-cell extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity rose from 5.43 to 9.88, 13.21 and 18.0 after being treated with VES. Conclusion: VES can induce significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The modulation of Fas expression is one of the mechanisms involved in this process and may be related to the upregulation of Fas molecule on the cancer cell surface.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of vitamin E succinate(VES) on experimental breast cancer in nude mice.Methods MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice.VES was administrated at a dosage of 150mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks.Then,the size of the tumor was measured and cell cycle and cell surface Fas/FasL were detected by flow cytometry.Fas/FasL expression in tumor tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry,and apoptosis index was detected by TUNEL method.Results VES showed obviously inhibitory effect on the growth of graft breast cancer tumor in vivo.VES treatment blocked tumor cells in G_0/G_1 phase.Fas/FasL expression was up-regulated accompanied with a rise of apoptotic index in tumor tissue.Conclusions VES had potent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer graft in nude mice.The mechanism involved may be related to the up-regulation of Fas/FasL expression and promotion of apoptosis of tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of vitamin E succinate(VES) combined with ~chemotherapeutic drugs on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Methods Bcap-37 human breast cancer cells were treated with VES combined with chemotherapeutic drugs for 24h and 36h. The ~concentrations of VES were 10?g/mL and 20?g/mL and those of 5-florouracil, mitomycin and ~cyclophosphamide were 16.9?g/mL and 33.8?g/mL, 1?g/mL and 3.3?g/mL and 100?g/mL and 300?g/mL respectively. The inhibitory effect was measured with MTT method and the cell cycle and cell ~surface Fas expression were analyzed with flow cytometry assay. Results The combination of VES with ~chemotherapeutic drugs had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Bcap-37 human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry assay of cell cycle showed that the natural apoptptic rate of Bcap-37 cells was 0.7%;after treatment with VES 20?g/mL,the apoptotic rate was 19.2%;after treatment with 5-Fu,mitomycin and ~cyclophosphamide the apoptotic rates were 16.2%,16.7% and 12.3%,respectively;after the combined use of VES and the 3 chemotherapeutic drugs,the apoptotic rates were 40.3%,44.8%,39.6%,~respectively .Fas expression in cancer cells increased after the co-administration of VES and chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions VES combined with chemotherapeutic drugs had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Bcap-37 human breast cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to Fas upregulation on the surface of cancer cells.

Objective To explore the evolution of research themes and trends in China's nursing college education during the last decade.Methods A co-word analysis of keywords was performed in the research literatures around nursing college education from two Chinese databases,VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database and CKNI Periodical Full-text Database,between 2003 and 2012.The analysis was based on two different periods (phase Ⅰ from 2003 to 2007 and phase Ⅱ from 2008 to 2012).Results A total of 646 articles were included,with 287 articles published in phase Ⅰ and 359 articles in phase Ⅱ.Sixteen high-frequency keywords were identified during the phase Ⅰ,with seventeen during the phase Ⅱ.Two research themes,nursing student-training model and construction and reform of curriculum,were presented in both phases.However,some differences in research sub-themes exited between phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ.Conclusions Hot research topics in nursing college education seemed no change in the past ten years.School-hospital collaboration newly emerged as a hot topic in the field of nurse education research.The research on construction and reform of curriculum change its focus to nursing courses and humanities courses.The academic studies of nursing college education were mostly influenced and pushed by reforming and developing of nursing education.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of body weight misperception and its influencing factors among female nursing students in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 600 female nursing students from 4 medical colleges in Shanghai were recruited by a convenient sampling method and investigated weight perception and associated factors through online questionnaires. Results: Only 44.50%(267) participants accurately described their body weight,and the proportion of body weight overestimation was 53.83%(323). The consistency between perceived weight status and actual weight status was poor (Kappa=0.20). Factors affecting weight overestimation among female nursing students were personal actual weight levels (OR=0.09-15.02), self-recognized weight level among peers (OR=17.85-202.67), the influence of female image in the media on weight loss ideas (OR=3.21-6.14), living area (OR=1.12-2.55) and stereotypes of obesity (OR=0.98)(P<0.05). Conclusion Female nursing students have low rate of accurate estimation of body weight and tend to overestimate.