Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ilioinguinal conjoined perforator flap transplantation pedicled with the superficial circumflex iliac artery,the anterior fourth lumbar artery or the posterior intercostal artery.Methods Between April,2005 to August,2015,6 patients diagnosed as large skin defects in the upper extremity were treated with ilioinguinal conjoined perforator flap transplantation pedicled with the superficial circumflex iliac artery,the anterior fourth lumbar artery or the posterior intercostal artery.The proximal flap blood supply was offered by the superficial circumflex iliac artery,and the distal flap blood supply was provided by the anterior fourth lumbar artery or the posterior intercostal artery.The maximal size of the flap was measured as 35.0 cm×15.0 cm,and the minimal size was 25.0 cm×9.0 cm.The donor sites of the flap were directly sutured.All cases were implemented by postoperative followup visit in hospital for observation of appearance,texture,functions and donor site of flaps.Results Postoperatively,all flaps survived.The follow-up time endured for 6 to 24 months.The flap thickness was appropriate with normal shape and soft texture.Protective sensation and perspiration function of the flap were restored.Linear scars alone were observed in the donor sites of the flap.Conclusion Ilioinguinal conjoined perforator flap transplantation pedicled with the superficial circumflex iliac artery,the anterior fourth lumbar artery or the posterior intercostal artery can extend the excision scope of the flap and provides sufficient blood supply for the flap.The flap texture is soft and can be directly sutured.This technique is an ideal option for repairing of large soft tissue defects of the upper extremity.

Needle-free jet injectors refer to a kind of medical device that uses a specific device to form a small,high-speed jet of medication to pierce the human skin,thereby achieving the delivery of medication into the human body without the use of needles.In the past few decades,needle-free jet injectors have undergone many changes with the development of healthcare systems and advancements in related technologies.In this article,the history,research status,and clinical application of needle-free jet injectors are introduced.The principles of different driving modes for needle-free jet injectors are briefly summarized,and their respective advantages and the existing problems are summarized.Combining the current research status and market application,the technical problems faced by the development of needle-free jet injectors are analyzed.Under the background of intelligent and automatic development of medical equipment,the future development and opportunities for needle-free jet injectors are prospected.