Cancer patients always die from local or distant metastasis,Lymphangiogenesis and modification are the two most important factors who contribute to the lymphatic metastasis.So,this article summarize the informations about the role of lymphatic in the process of cancer metastasis on the aspect of molecular mechanism of lymphatic epithelium cells(LEC) in these years all around the world.

A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction ( ASE )-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using n-hexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), using acetonitrile -0. 1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0. 03 - 13. 0 μg / kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72. 8% -101. 8% and 1. 7-6. 7% , respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

Objective: To investigate the value of transrectal ultrasound combined with seminal plasma elastase (SPE) in diagnosis of male infertility caused by chronic seminal vesiculitis (CSV). Methods Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in 106 patients with male infertility caused by CSV (infertility group) and 106 healthy men (control group), and SPE was detected in two groups. The differences of seminal vesicle ultrasound parameters and SPE were compared between two groups. The correlations between SPE and seminal vesicle parameters were analyzed. ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of SPE combined with seminal vesicle ultrasound parameters on male infertility caused by CSV. Results: The short diameter of seminal vesicle, inner diameter of gland tube, the peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI) and SPE level in infertility group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.01). The short diameter of seminal vesicle, inner diameter of gland tube, PSV, RI and SPE were impact factors of male infertility caused by CSV (all P<0.05). SPE was positively correlated with PSV, RI and short diameter of seminal vesicle (r=0.732, P<0.001; r=0.647, P=0.004; r=0.526, P=0.007). SPE combined with PSV, RI and short diameter of seminal vesicle could be used to diagnose male infertility caused by CVS (all P<0.05), among which SPE combined with PSV had the most effective diagnostic value, the area under ROC was 0.73, the sensitivity and specificity was 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion: Transrectal ultrasound combined with SPE have certain clinical diagnostic value for male infertility induced by CSV.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, a novel tissue engineering bone graft including platelet rich plasma gel (PRP gel), human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) and nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHA-PA66) was constructed. We explored whether the composite scaffolds could enhance the angiogenesis and bone repair capacity in rat femoral large bone defect (LBD). This study aimed to provide evidence for the clinical application of the composite scaffold in LBD treatment. METHODS: PRP was prepared, the platelets and growth factors were measured. HUMSCs were isolated and identified.the osteogenic capacity of PRP in vitro was measured. Then HUMSCs-PRP-gelHA-PA66 composite scaffolds were synthesized and observed. The proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation of HUMSCs on the composite scaffold was measured. The angiogenic capacity of PRP in vitro was measured by capillary-like tube formation assay. Finally, the angiogenesis and bone repair capacity of the composite scaffolds was measured in rat LBD. RESULTS: PRP contained high level of platelets and growth factors after activation, and promoted osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in vitro. The HUMSCs-PRP-gelHA-PA66 composite scaffold was porosity and promoted the proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation of HUMSCs. At 12th weeks, more micro-vessels and new bone were formed around the composite scaffolds compared with other groups, the defect was almost repaired. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time identified that the combination of PRP gel, HUMSCs and nHA-PA66 scaffold could significantly promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration in rat LBD, which may have implications for its further application in clinical LBD treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio and overall survival (OS) after radical cystectomy of bladder cancer.Methods The clinical date of patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion and confirmed by pathology from Jan 2007 to Dec 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,with 140 cases undergoing laparoscopic surgery and 26 cases undergoing open surgery.There were 148 males and 18 females,aged was 33-85 years,with an ayerage ageof (65.1 ± 9.4) years.There were 55 cases of cutaneous ureterostomy,96 cases of Brick diversior with ileum,and 15 cases of ileal neobladder.The AAPR range 0.03-1.67,with an average 0.62 ± 0.23,and body mass index (BMI) was 16.79-32.65 kg/m2,with an average of (24.00 ± 3.32) kg/m2.There were 33 cases with hydronephrosis and 133 no hydronephrosis,31 cases with hypertension and 135 cases no hypertension,and 14 cases with diabetes and 152 cases no diabetes.Four cases were classified as grade0,65 cases as grade 1,86 cases as grade 2,and 11 cases as grade 3.Based on the preoperative AAPR(0.62 ±0.23),they were divided into three groups,with 55 cases in the low AAPR (0.42 ± 0.09) group,55 cases in the middle AAPR (0.58 ± 0.05) group,and 56 cases in the high AAPR (0.86 ± 0.21)group.Cox proportional hazards regression methodology were used to evaluate the relationship between preoperative AAPR and overall survival.Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test.Results 166 patients were followed up for 1-144 months,with a median of 63 months,and 71 cases died and 95 survived.The median serum AAPR level in all cases was 0.59 (range 0.03-1.67).Results of univariate Cox regression model revealed that AAPR(HR =0.09,95％ CI 0.022-0.391,P =0.001),high AAPR (HR=0.40,95％CI0.216-0.742,P=0.003),age (HR =2.42,95％ CI 1.294-4.531,P =0.006),tumor size (HR =2.11,95％ CI 1.112-4.014,P =0.023),pT3 stage (HR=8.93,95％CI3.173-25.114,P＜0.001),pT4 stnge(HR =10.39,95％ CI 3.110-34.707,P ＜0.001),pN1 stage(HR =2.80,95％ CI 1.422-5.531,P =0.003),pN3 stage (HR =17.06,95％ CI2.192-132.863,P =0.007),pathological grade (HR =0.30,95％ CI 0.113-0.817,P =0.019),hydronephrosis (HR =2.36,95 ％ CI 1.406-3.939,P =0.001),adjuvant chemotherapy (HR =2.66,95％ CI 1.674-4.247,P ＜ 0.001)were associated with OS.Compared with patients in the lowest of AAPR,the risk for death in the highest AAPR group decreased about 59％ (HR =0.406,95％ CI 0.200-0.822,P =0.012)after adjustment for age,BMI,tumor size,number of tumor,T category,N category,pathological grade,hydronephrosis,ASA level,adjuvant chemotherapy in multiple Cox regression models.Each unit increase in the AAPR was associated with about 80％ decreased risk of death (HR =0.199,95％ CI 0.051-0.779,P =0.020) after adjusting for the confounding variables.After adjusting for age,BMI,tumor size,number of tumor,T category,N category,pathological grade,hydronephrosis,ASA level,adjuvant chemotherapy,the curve fitting results showed that with the increase of AAPR,the risk of death decreased and the overall survival prolonged.Consistent with the linear trend test results,the relationship between AAPR and OS is linear.Conclusions AAPR was associated with overall survival of patients who underwent radical cystectomy of bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the distribution ofchoroidal thickness and its influence factors in university students.Methods A cross-sectional study.A total of 896 eyes of 896 college students were included in the study.Among them,there were 350 males (350 eyes) and 546 females (546 eyes).All the eyes were right eyes.The average age was 19.18 ± 1.36 years old.According to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER),the eyes were divided into non-myopia group,low myopia group,moderate myopia group and high myopia group,which were 59,251,356 and 230 eyes,respectively.The subfoveal ChT (SFCT) was measured using a swept-frequency source optical coherence tomography scanner.According to the ETDRS,the choroid within 6 mm of the fovea was divided into three concentric circles centered on the fovea of the macula,which were the central area with a diameter of 1 mm,the inner ring area of 1-3 mm and the outer ring area of 3-6 mm.The outer ring area of 3-6 mm has a total of 9 zones.The inner ring and outer ring 4 regions were superior,inferior,nasal and temporal,respectively.The distribution characteristics of ChT in different regions,genders and diopter groups were observed.Bivariate correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation of ChT and SER,axial length (AL).Results The average SFCT of 896 eyes was 221.28± 67.35 μm.The mean SFCT of males and females were 227.20 ± 69.38 and 217.50± 65.80 μm,respectively.The difference of SFCT between different genders was statistically significant (t=2.075,P=0.038).Compared with the central region ChT,there was no significant difference in ChT between the outer ring and the outer region (t=0.086,P=0.932).The difference of ChT in other regions was statistically significant (t=-21.973,-5.818,36.328,-3.065,-18.017,-10.595,57.007;P＜0.001,＜0.001,＜0.001,＜0.002,＜0.001,＜0.001,＜0.001).In the horizontal direction,ChT gradually thickens from nasal to temporal (F=2 251.558,P＜0.001);in the vertical direction,ChT gradually decreases from superior to the central,but have a little increased from central to inner inferior,then decreased to outer inferior again (F=45.425,P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that SFCT was negatively correlated with AL (r=0.478,P＜0.01) and a negative correlation with axial length (r=-0.395,P＜0.01),and positively correlated with SER (r=0.478,P＜0.01).SFCT decreased by 12.29 μm for every in myopic refractive error of 1 D,or by 20.14 μm for every increase in AL of 1 mm.Conclusions ChT is changed by different location.The horizontal direction is gradually thickened from nasal to temporal.The vertical direction is thicker than the center.The inferior inner ring area is thicker than the outer ring area.Gender,SER and AL are the influencing factors of SFCT.

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of otoacoustic emission (OAE) in hearing screening for preschool children .Methods A total of 616 preschool children aged 3～6 (mean age 4 .6 years old) were included in this study .All the subjects received transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) test by trained personnel .The children who failed the hearing screening received diagnostic examination in the hearing ex-amination center .Results Of 616 children ,66 (10 .71％ ) failed the hearing screening and 16 children received audi-ological assessment .In these 16 children ,8 had otitis media with effusion (5 with mild conductive hearing loss ) ,5 had impacted cerumen ,3 had normal hearing ,and none had sensorineural hearing loss .Conclusion OAE can be used effectively in the hearing screening for preschool children .But how to improve the referral rate of children who failed the hearing screening needs further discussion .

Objective:To observe the prevention and control effect of 1% atropine on the progression of form deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs and the potential biological mechanism.Methods:Sixty-nine 3-week-old tricolor guinea pigs with normal refraction were randomly divided into a normal control group ( n=19), a FDM group ( n=19), a FDM+ atropine group ( n=19), and an atropine group ( n=12). No intervention was given to guinea pigs in normal control group.The FDM model was established by covering the right eye of guinea pigs with a semitransparent latex facemask for 4 weeks in FDM and FDM+ atropine groups.For the FDM+ atropine group, 1% atropine gel was topically administered to the form-deprived right eyes once a day for 4 weeks.For the atropine group, the right eye was treated with 1% atropine gel once a day for 4 weeks.Refraction and axial length of guinea pigs were measured by retinoscopy and ophthalmic A-scan ultrasonography respectively at baseline, experiment week 2 and week 4.In experiment week 4, eyeballs were enucleated to make sections via the paraffin wax processing procedure, and the microstructural and ultrastructural changes of the sclera were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively.The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins.Use and care of the animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experiment Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Medical University (No.TJYY2020111028). Results:There were statistically significant differences in the diopter of guinea pigs at different time points among the four groups ( Fgroup=138.892, P<0.001; Ftime=167.270, P<0.001). Compared with normal control group, the diopter of guinea pigs in FDM group at experiment weeks 2 and 4, and FDM+ atropine group at experiment week 4 developed toward myopia, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Compared with FDM group, the diopter of guinea pigs in FDM+ atropine group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 developed toward hyperopia, showing statistically significant differences (both at P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the axial length of guinea pigs at different time points among the four groups ( Fgroup=32.346, P<0.001; Ftime=353.797, P<0.001). The axial lengths of FDM group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 and FDM+ atropine group at experiment week 4 were longer than those of normal control group, and the axial lengths in FDM+ atropine group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 were shorter than those in FDM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). The collagenous fibers of posterior sclera of guinea pigs were loose and disordered in FDM group, and were regular in FDM+ atropine group.The posterior scleral thickness of normal control group, FDM group, FDM+ atropine group and atropine group was (141.74±16.98), (101.46±9.15), (112.74±6.24) and (134.30±18.19) μm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=6.709, P=0.005). The posterior sclera was significantly thinner in FDM group than in normal control group and FDM+ atropine group (both at P<0.05). The diameter of posterior scleral collagen fiber gradually increased from inside to outside in normal control group, FDM+ atropine group and atropine group, and the diameters of the inner, middle and outer posterior scleral collagen fibers were smaller in FDM group than in normal control group.Proteomic analysis revealed 85 differentially expressed proteins (fold change>1.30) between FDM group and normal control group, FDM+ atropine group and FDM group, of which 38 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated after atropine treatment.Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly involved were biological regulation, cell process, localization and metabolic process.Molecular function mainly involved were binding, catalytic activity, molecular function regulator, structural molecule activity and transporter activity.Cell components mainly involved were in cellular anatomical entity, intracellular and protein-containing complex. Conclusions:Atropine can increase the diameter of scleral collagen fibers in guinea pigs of FDM model, improve the arrangement of scleral collagen fiber, inhibit scleral thinning.The mechanism of atropine to control myopia progression is closely related to the tight junction between scleral cells, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Color is an important indicator for evaluating the ornamental traits of horticultural plants, and plant pigments is a key factor affecting the color phenotype of plants. Plant pigments and their metabolites play important roles in color formation of ornamental organs, regulation of plant growth and development, and response to adversity stress. It has therefore became a hot topic in the field of plant research. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a vital genomics tool that specifically reduces host endogenous gene expression utilizing plant homology-dependent defense mechanisms. In addition, VIGS enables characterization of gene function by rapidly inducing the gene-silencing phenotypes in plants. It provides an efficient and feasible alternative for verifying gene function in plant species lacking genetic transformation systems. This paper reviews the current status of the application of VIGS technology in the biosynthesis, degradation and regulatory mechanisms of plant pigments. Moreover, this review discusses the potential and future prospects of VIGS technology in exploring the regulatory mechanisms of plant pigments, with the aim to further our understandings of the metabolic processes and regulatory mechanisms of different plant pigments as well as improving plant color traits.
Plant Viruses/genetics* ; Plants/genetics* ; Gene Silencing ; Plant Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic Vectors

Periarticular fracture of the shoulder is a common type of fractures in the elderly. Postoperative adverse events such as internal fixation failure, humeral head ischemic necrosis and upper limb dysfunction occur frequently, which seriously endangers the exercise and health of the elderly. Compared with the fracture with normal bone mass, the osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder is complicated with slow healing and poor rehabilitation, so the clinical management becomes more difficult. At present, there is no targeted guideline or consensus for this type of fracture in China. In such context, experts from Youth Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Osteoporosis Group of Youth Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine developed the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly ( version 2023). Nine recommendations were put forward from the aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder, hoping to promote the standardized, systematic and personalized diagnosis and treatment concept and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder.