The paper is focused on a kind of portable monitor that is widely used in military hospitals. In order to study the electromagnetic radiation immunity of the monitor, the experiments of electromagnetic radiation caused by radio frequency continuous wave in reverberation chamber and by ultra wide band (UWB) electromagnetic pulse have been done. The study results show that UWB electromagnetic pulse interferes observably the operating state of the monitor. It should be paid high attention to take protective measures. The monitor tested has some electromagnetic immunity ability for radio frequency continuous wave radiation. The frequent abnormal phenomena are baseline drift and waveform distortion. The electromagnetic sensitivity of the monitor is related to the frequency of interference source. The monitor tested is most sensitive to the frequency of 390 MHz.
Electromagnetic Fields ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation

Objective　To investigate whether matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was synthesized in pregnant cervix during parturition and its source and distribution. Methods　Cervical species (n=10, each weighing about 0.3 g) were taken from pregnant women immediately after delivery. Other cervical species (n=7) were served as negative control from those non-pregnant women but undergoing uterotomy due to other benign diseases. Immunohistochemical method (ABC) was carried out to detect the expression of MMP-9, with a monoclonal antibody against MMP-9. Results　Positive staining of MMP-9 was found in the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that had infiltrated into cervix or located in blood vessels of cervix. Scattered light positive staining were found in some interstitial cells of the cervix. No other cells including fibrocytes and lymphocytes were positive to MMP-9. No positive staining was found in control tissues. Conclusion　There are strong expressions of MMP-9 in pregnant cervix in term labor, derived mainly from infiltrated PMN. MMP-9 may be an important regulator in the process of cervical ripening.

Objective To observe the characteristics of rat brain injury induced by shock wave propagation in solids resulting from underwater explosion and explore the related mechanism. Methods Explosion source outside the simulated ship cabin underwater was detonated for establishing a model of brain injury in rats by shock wave propagation in solid; 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8), injury group 1 (600mg RDX paper particle explosion source, n=32), injury group 2 (800mg RDX paper particle explosion source, n=32). The each injury group was randomly divided into 4 subgroups (n=8), 3, 6, 24 and 72h groups. The division plate as a whole and the head of 8 rats in each injury group were measured for the peak value of the solid shock wave, its rising time and the duration time of shock wave propagation in solid. To observe the physiological changes of animals after injury, plasma samples were collected for determination of brain damage markers, NSE and S-100 β. All the animals were sacrificed, the right hemisphere of the brain was taken in each group of animals, weighting after baking, and the brain water content was calculated. Pathological examination was performed for left cerebral hemisphere in 24-h group. The normal pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were counted. Results The peak value, rising time and duration time of shock wave propagation on the division plate and head were 1369.74± 91.70g, 0.317± 0.037ms and 24.85± 2.53ms, 26.83± 3.09g, 0.901± 0.077ms and 104.21± 6.26ms respectively in injury group 1, 1850.11± 83.86g, 0.184± 0.031ms and 35.61± 2.66ms, 39.75± 3.14g, 0.607± 0.069ms and 132.44± 7.17ms in injury group 2 (P<0.01). After the injury, there was no abnormality in the anatomy, and brain damage markers NSE, S-100 β increased, reached the peak at 24 h, and they were highest in injury group 2 and lowest in control group with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The brain water content increased, reached the peak at 24h, and was the highest in injury group 2 and the lowest in control group with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). No visible change was observed in the brain of injury groups, but acute neuronal damages to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed under microscope. The neuronal density of hippocampal CA1 subfield was the lowest in injury group 2 and the highest in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Shock wave propagation in solids from underwater explosion may lead to pathological changes such as brain edema and neuronal degeneration in rats, and cause mild traumatic brain injury in rats, thus, it is essential to strengthen prevention and care.

Cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC), cirrhosis of unknown cause, is common in clinic. With the improvement of the level of diagnosis and the diversification of the diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of CC is gradually declining. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, perfect clinical thinking can help clinicians to analyze and evaluate the existing clinical data, and it is expected to further improve the diagnostic rate of CC. In this paper, the clinical thinking of CC diagnosis and treatment is expounded from the aspects of disease spectrum thinking, anatomy thinking and macroscopic micro thinking.

With the rising incidence, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma(NAFLD-HCC) has become the main type of liver cancer. Therefore, to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-HCC is of great value. This paper summarized the clinical characteristics of NAFLD-HCC, and has found that the NAFLD-HCC has a special nature course,without typical clinical manifestation; it is common in male, often accompanied with the metabolic syndrome, with single tumor and good differentiation. Serology, CT imaging and pathology are important in diagnosis of NAFLD-HCC. Improve living habits and strengthen exercise can prevent the occurrence of NAFLD-HCC. Drug and surgical treatment is still the most important means to treat NAFLD-HCC, while the effects of those treatments used in NAFLD-HCC have no significant difference compared with that used in other types of liver cancer. To summarize clinical features will help improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-HCC.It's necessary to constantly explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD-HCC in order to formulate the individualized prevention strategy of NAFLD-HCC which is of great significance.

The protective effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), on vascular permeability in sepsis rats were investigated. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis rats were used for in vivo studies, and the effects of CsA (1 and 5 mg·kg^-1) on vascular permeability of lung, kidney, and intestine, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio, and the survival of the sepsis rats were observed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for stimulating vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro, and the effects of CsA on leakage of microvascular, immunofluorescence of zonula occludes-1 (ZO-1), and transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) were observed. All the animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Army Medical University. Compared with sham-operated group, the vascular permeability of lung, kidney, and intestine in sepsis rats increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with conventional treatment group, CsA could significantly decrease the vascular permeability of lung, kidney, and intestine (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and prolong the survival period. The results of microcirculation also showed that CsA could significantly reduce the permeability of mesenteric venules in sepsis rats. At the cellular level, LPS stimulation significantly increased the permeability of vascular endothelial cells, including the decrease of transmembrane resistance and protein expression of ZO-1 (P<0.05). CsA can significantly reduce the increase of permeability of vascular endothelial cells induced by LPS stimulation (P<0.01). The function of mitochondria in the kidneys and intestines of sepsis rats was obviously impaired, and the respiratory control ratio of mitochondria was decreased. LPS significantly increased MPTP opening of VECs, while CsA significantly inhibited MPTP opening and improved mitochondrial function. CsA may protect mitochondrial function by inhibiting the opening of MPTP and play a protective role in the vascular permeability of sepsis rats. This study will provide an insight for the treatment of sepsis vascular leakage.

Stress or neuroendocrine response usually occurs soon after trauma, which is central to the maintenance of post-traumatic homeostasis. Immune inflammatory response has been recognized to be a key element both in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic complications and in tissue repair. Despite the existence of multiple and intricate interconnected neuroendocrine pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system have been considered to be the most important in trauma. Although the short-term and appropriate activation of these stress responses is vital to the host's adaptation, prolonged duration and exaggerative magnitude of their activity leads to deleterious effects on immune function in trauma, causing immune dissonance. The overall appropriate and controlled activation and termination of the neuroendocrine responses that mediate the necessary physiological functions involved in maintaining and restoring homeostasis in the event of trauma are of critical importance. This review will describe the effects of some important neuroendocrine responses on immune system. Present evidences indicate that the neuroendocrine and immune systems form a cohesive and integrated early host response to trauma, and identify areas for further research to fully elucidate the regulatory role of neuroendocrine system in trauma.
Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; physiology ; Immune System ; physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; physiology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiology

In trauma, infection and hemorrhagic shock derived stress, primary and secondary injury may result in severe derangement in the internal environment. The abnormal changes of immune-mediated inflammation interfere its pathogenesis and development directly. In recent years, various aspects of neuroendocrine responses, especially the regulatory effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetico-adrenomedullary axes in inflammatory diseases have been the focus of research. Most importantly, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts as a key player in the regulation of interactions between neuroendocrine and immunity both directly and indirectly. The paper summarized the recent development of CRH in the immune-mediated inflammation.
Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; analysis ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; etiology ; immunology

OBJECTIVEEarly gestational mammalian fetuses possess the amazing ability to heal cutaneous wounds in a scarless fashion. Over the past years, scientists have been working to decipher the mechanisms underlying this regenerative repair. The remarkable phenotypic differences between fetal and adult healings behooves us to learn their characteristics in genetics, which represents potentially important mechanisms involved in wound repair observed in fetal versus adult tissues. In this sense, it is reasonable to construct subtractive cDNA library for future research.

METHODSMiddle laparotomy and hysterotomy were performed on pregnant rabbits at 20-day gestation to expose the fetal back, and a longitudinal incision through the skin was made on the back of the fetus. The traumatized fetal skin was harvested 12 hours post-operation, the fetus control and traumatized adult skin specimens were taken at the same time. dscDNA was synthesized from total RNA of skin samples with SMART technology. Taking one of the three samples as Tester respectively and the other two as Drivers, we obtained 1 forward and 2 reverse hybridization products. After being amplified with selective polymerase chain reaction, the products were inserted into a vector, and then transferred into E. coli HB101. The colonies were screened afterwards.

RESULTSThe wounded fetuses were alive for a long time even after birth. Every determinant step, such as RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, Rsa I digestion, adaptor ligation and hybridization, was well-operated. Subtractive efficiency identification demonstrated that the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was successful. Insertion into vector and transferring to E. coli were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSInstead of classic SSH, an improved SSH with 2 Drivers was applied for the experiment. Results confirmed that the improved program was reasonable and correct in both theory and practice. The subtractive cDNA library we have obtained is going to be used for future researches to reveal scarless healing related gene(s) and its (their) expression.

Animals ; Cicatrix ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus ; Gene Library ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin ; injuries ; Wound Healing ; genetics ; physiology

This paper introduces several novel HPC-based monitoring devices for community medicine. They support net transmission and have superiorities of portability, small size, good mobility, easy use and strong adaptivity.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Community Health Services ; Computers, Handheld ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation