The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and chronic progress of renal diseases. The increased plasma level of angiotensin can induce the changes of haemodynamics and diverse cytokines secreted by the kidney, and the change promotes the renal injury. How to block renin-angiotensin system has been a focus of nephrology. Recently, with the emerging of angiotensin receptor antagonist, the relationship between the angiotensin receptor antagonist and renal diseases has being realized.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of Beiling Capsule(cordycepic mycelium) on chronic renal failure(CRF). METHODS: 82 cases of CRF were divided into two groups randomly. 42 cases were treated with Beiling Capsule and the usual treatment, while 40 cases were only treated with the usual treatment as the control group, 2 months coustituing a single therapeutic course. RESULTS: In respect to BUN, the total efficiency of the group with Beiling Capsule was 57.1%, while the control group was 30.0%. In respect to Cr, the total efficiency of the group with Beiling Capsule was 59.5%, while the control group was 32.5%. CONCLUSION: Beiling Capsule provides protection against the progression of CRF.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the effects of benazepril and plasma neuropeptide Y in renal hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: The levels of plasma NPY concentration, SBP, DBP and SCr were measured before and after four week treatment with benazepril in thirty renal hypertensive patients. Thirty blood donors from healthy subjects were taken as controls. RESULTS: The plasma NPY concentration was higher in renal hypertensive patients with CRF than in normal controls before and after the treatment. After the treatment, the plasma NPY concentration and SBP, DBP and SCr in renal hypertensive patients were reduced dramatically (P

AIM: To investigate the anticoagulant effect of pravastatin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), as well as their combination, over time, in a rat model of experimental nephrotic syndrome. METHODS: Healthy SD male rats were chosen randomly to perform nephrotic syndrome models by single injection of adriamycin via tail vein, the matched normal control rats received single injection of equivalent 0.9% sodium chloride instead. After 14 days, the models were set up and randomized into model control group, pravastatin group (pravastatin 2 mg·kg-1·d-1 gavage once a day), LMWH group(LMWH 200 U·kg-1·d-1 intraperitoneal injection once a day) and combined treatment group(pravastatin 2 mg·kg-1·d-1 gavage+ LMWH 200 μ·kg-1·d-1 intraperitoneal injection), then all rats underwent measuring proteinuria every two weeks and fibrinogen, antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ), D-dimer, platelet count, serum total protein and serum albumin after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The concentration of fibrinogen and D-dimer in model group was higher significantly than that in control group, and the level of ATⅢ was lower remarkably than that in control group, but platelet count had no obvious change; Compared with model group, pravastatin could increase the level of ATⅢ and decrease the concentration of D-dimer, but the concentration of fibrinogen and platelet count did not change obviously; LMWH and combined treatment could also decrease level of D-dimer, but had no great effects on ATⅢ, fibrinogen and platelet count; all treatment group had no obvious change of serum total protein and serum albumin. CONCLUSION: Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome rat models have hypercoagulability and pravastatin can increase the level of ATⅢ.

AIM: To observe and compare the improvement of glomerul- osclerosis in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy by valsartan and benazepril. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected and performed five-sixths nephrectomy to produce chronic renal failure model. Two weeks after the surgery, the rats were randomly divided into model group, valsartan group and benazepril group, and established a shame group serving as normal control. The weight, blood pressure, blood uria nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were measured on the sixth week after operation, then the rats were killed to take the kidneys for pathological histological observation. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of TGF-? 1 protein and fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV in glomeruli. RESULTS: As compared with model group, systolic pressure decreased (P

AIM:To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)blockers on TNF-? and the relationship between TNF-? and proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN).METHODS:32 patients examined by biopsy as primary CGN with proteinuria were treated by benazepril,valsartan or combination with benazepril and valsartan for 8 to 12 weeks respectively.The TNF-? levels in serum and urine,24 hours proteinuria quantity,and serum creatinine level were assayed and recorded respectively before and after 8 to 12 weeks therapy.RESULTS:The TNF-? levels in serum and urine and 24 hours proteinuria quantity were reduced significantly after therapy [(7.8?3.9)vs(5.0?1.6)fmol/mL,(11.9?6.8)vs(8.3?3.5)fmol/mL,(2.6?2.0)vs(1.0?0.5)g,respectively;P

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of valsartan on cardiac hypertrophy and expression of endothelin-1(ET-1) in myocardium of rats with chronic renal failure and explore the mechanism.METHODS: 24 Sprague Dawley male rats were selected,and performed five-sixths nephrectomy to produce chronic renal failure model.Two weeks after the surgery,the rats were randomly divided into model group,valsartan group,and a sham group was established serving as control group.Systolic blood pressure,BUN and serum creatinine were measured at ten weeks after operation,then the rats were sacrificed to take the hearts for pathological histological examination.Hybridization in situ was used to examine the transcription of ET-1 mRNA in myocardium.RESULTS: Systolic pressure,heart weight,heart weight index,left ventricular weight mass(LVM) and left ventricular weight mass index(LVMI) in model group increased significantly tenth week after operation.Systolic pressure,heart weight,heart weight index,LVM and LVMI were decreased markedly in rats with five-sixths nephrectomy by valsartan(P

[Objective] To investigate the occurrence rate, manifestations and influencing factors of emotional disorder in patients after acute stroke. [Methods] Emotional disorder in 107 cases of acute stroke was assessed by 17-item Hamilton Depression Scales (HAMD), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scales (KAMA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel index (BI), and the relationship between emotional disorder and influencing factors were also analyzed. [Results] The occurrence rate of emotional disorder after acute stroke was 41.12% , in which depression was 18.69% , anxiety 9.35% and concurrence of depression and anxiety 13.08% . Emotional disorder usually occurred in the dominant hemisphere of young patients with lower BI after repeated attacks of stroke; its manifestations relieved with the cure of primary diseases. Its dominant syndrome pattern was classified as stagnation of liver-Qi. [ Conclusion ] Emotional disorder, possibly being a stress reaction, is the common complications of acute stroke and usually classified as stagnation of liver-Qi; early effective rehabilitation is the best preventive method for emotional disorder acute stroke.

Aim To observe the protective effect of valsartan,benazepril and combination valsartan withbenazepril on cardiac damage in rats with chronic renal failure and explore the mechanism.Methods Forty Sprague Dawley male rats were selected,and were performed five-sixths nephrectomy to produce chronic renal failure model.Two weeks after the surgery,the rats were divided randomly into model group,valsartan group,benazepril group and both valsartan and benazepril group,and a sham group was established as control group.Systolic blood pressure,BUN and serum creatinine was measured at 10 week after operation,then all rats were killed to take the hearts for pathological histological observation.The transcription of endothelin-1(ET-1 )mRNA and nitricoxide synthase (eNOS-3) mRNA in myocardium was examined by hybridization in situ.Results Systolic pressure,heart weight,heart weight index,left ventricular weight mass(LVWM) and left ventricular weight mass index(LVWMI) in model group increased significantly at 10 week after operation. Systolic pressure,heart weight,heart weight index,LVWM and LVWMI decreased markedly in rats with five-sixths nephrectomy by valsartan and/or benazepril (P

Objective To explore the prevalence,awareness and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general adult population of Anhui province,China. Methods A total of 3800 residents (older than 18 years) from Anhui province were randomly selected using a stratified,multi-stage sampling.All the residents were interviewed and tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (abnormal:≥30 mg/g) and reduced estimated GFR [abnormal:＜60 ml·min1·(1.73 m2)-1]. The associations of CKD with demographic characteristics, healthy charactefistcs (hypertension,diabetes and hyperuricemia) were examined. Results Eligible data of 3374 subjects were enrolled in the study.After the adjustment of age and gender component,the prevalence of albuminuria was 9.8％ (95％CI 8.8％-10.9％),and reduced eGFR was 2.1％ (95％ CI 1.7％-2.7％).Approximately 10.4％(95％CI 9.4％-11.5％)subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage.The awareness rate of CKD was 6.5％.Female,age,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and hyperuricemia were independently associated with CKD.While obesity,hyperlipdemia.smoking and alcohol drinking were not associated with the prevalence of CKD. Conclusions The prevalace of chronic kidney disease is 10.4％ and the awareness rate is 6.5％ in general adult population of Anhui province.Independent risk factors associated with CKD are female,age,hypersion,diabetes mellitus and hyeruricemia.