Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of 1 470 nm diode laser vaporization of the prostate with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods From July 2014 to July 2015,82 patients diagnosed as BPH were randomly divided into two groups.Forty cases of them underwent 1 470 nm diode laser vaporization and 42 cases for TURP.The operation time,hemoglobin decrease,serum sodium decrease,bladder irrigation time,duration of bladder catheterization and postoperative complications were recorded.The international prostate symptom score (IPSS),maximum flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residual volume (PVR) before and after operation were compared.Results No differences were found between the two groups in basic preoperative characteristics,such as:age,prostate volume,IPSS,PVR and Qmax(P＞0.05).The mean operative time in the diode laser group was (64.8±14.6) min,slightly longer than tin he TURP group ((59.3 ± 14.5) min,P＞0.05).The hemoglobin decrease,the serum sodium decrease,the time of bladder irrigating and the time of catheterization of 1470 nm diode laser group were all less than that in TURP group,the differences were significant between the two groups((2.06±1.43) g/L vs.(6.07±1.68) g/L,(1.16±0.67) mmol/L vs.(4.09±3.78) mmol/L,(5.08±2.80) h vs.(25.8±12.7) h,(3.38±1.17) d vs.(4.88± 1.42) d,respectively;t =-11.615,-4.845,-10.337,-5.232;P＜0.001).The complications in 1470nm diode laser group were less than that in TURP group,but the differences were not significant between the two groups(P＞0.05).All patients were followed up for 3-12 months,the IPSS,PVR and Qmax of 3 months after surgery in 1 470 nm diode laser group and TURP group were all improved significantly compared with that of preoperative in both groups,but no statistical differences could be found between the two groups(IPSS:F inner grouP=527.65,P＜0.001;F between groups=0.099,P=0.753;F across groups=0.040,P=0.843,PVR:F inner grouP =509.57,P＜ 0.001;F between groups =2.817,P =0.097;F across groups =1.02,P=0.315;Qmax:inner grouP=60.06,P＜0.001;F between groups =0.30,P=0.585;F across groups =0.394,P=0.532).Conclusion 1 470 nm diode laser vaporization of the prostate can significantly improve the patient's lower urinary tract obstruction symptoms,which show similar short-term effects with TURP.It also has advantages of less bleeding,shorter catheter indwelling time and rapid postoperative recovery compared with TURP,suggesting that it is a safe and effective operation for BPH treatment.

Purpose To evaluate the image quality improvement of deep learning iterative reconstruction(DLIR)on pediatric head CT images of head injury and to evaluate the performance of DLIR and conventional adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-veo(ASIR-V)of noise and image texture of CT image in children's head trauma.Materials and Methods A total of 80 cases in Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 7th to 11th 2020 of children's head low-dose CT were retrospectively selected.Scan voltage was 120 kV.Scan current was 150-220 mA.The raw data were reconstructed into 5 mm thick slice and 0.625 mm thin slice brain window and bone window images.50%ASIR-V and high weight DLIR images(DL-H)were reconstructed,respectively.A 4-point system was used to subjectively evaluate the display of sulcus,brain matter and bone.The number of lesions in each group was counted.The CT value and image noise values of gray matter and white matter were measured,and the contrast to noise ratio was calculated,then measured the blur metric index was measured in the same slice.The differences between the two image reconstruction methods were compared.Results Compared to 50%ASIR-V images,DL-H significantly improved the display ability of the sulcus and ventricles,as well as the display ability of the brain parenchyma(W=5.5-22.2,all P<0.05)in both slice thickness.There was no statistically significant difference in the display ability of the sulcus and ventricles between 5 mm 50%ASIR-V and 0.625 mm DL-H images(W=0.9,2.0,P=0.32,0.05,respectively).In terms of bone display ability,all images could achieve a maximum score of 4.0.A total of 35 lesions were found in 80 patients via 5 mm 50%ASIR-V and DL-H images,including 12 hemorrhagic lesions,1 intracranial gas,9 fractures,and 13 soft tissue swelling.In terms of objective evaluation,the noise level of DL-H images was significantly lower than that of 50%ASIR-V images(t=21.4-35.7,all P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in noise and contrast noise ratio between 5 mm 50%ASIR-V and 0.625 mm DL-H images(t=1.7-2.2,all P≥0.05).The blur metric index showed that DL-H was superior to 50%ASIR-V images(t=6.1,10.0,both P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in blur metric index between 0.625 mm DL-H and 5 mm 50%ASIR-V images(t=2.6,P=0.28).Conclusion DLIR can improve the CT image quality and image texture of children's head trauma,0.625 mm DL-H image quality is close to 5 mm 50%ASIR-V image,which can meet the diagnostic requirements,and possible to further reduce the radiation dose.

The global features of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) have been well studied in recent years,but most of these studies were performed in mammalian cell lines.In this work,wegenerated the genome-wide maps of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 of mouse cerebrum and testis using ChlP-seq and their high-coverage transcriptomes using ribominus RNA-seq with SOLiD technology.We examined the global patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in both tissues and found that modifications are closely-associated with tissue-specific expression,function and development.Moreover,we revealed that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes,which contradicts the findings in previous studies.Finally,we observed that bivalent domains,with both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3,existed ubiquitously in both tissues and demonstrated an invariable preference for the regulation of developmentally-related genes.However,the bivalent domains tend towards a "winner-takes-all" approach to regulate the expression of associated genes.We also verified the above results in mouse ES cells.As expected,the results in ES cells are consistent with those in cerebrum and testis.In conclusion,we present two very important findings.One is that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes.The other is that bivalent domains may adopt a "winner-takes-all" principle to regulate gene expression.