The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Guben Kechuan Granules （固本咳喘颗粒） in treating chronic bronchitis （CB） with lung qi weakness pattern. MethodsA multicenter， randomized controlled trial was conducted， and 180 patients with CB of lung qi weakness pattern were randomly divided into 120 cases in the treatment group and 60 cases in the control group according to a 2∶1 ratio. The control group received health education for 24 weeks， while conventional symptomatic treatment was given when acute exacerbation of CB occurred. Treatment group was treated with the oral administration of Guben Kechuan Granules， 2 g each time， 3 times a day， for a total of 24 weeks on the basis of treatment of the control group. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after 24 weeks of treatment. Primary effectiveness indicators included the number of CB acute exacerbations occurence during the treatment and follow-up period， and the total number of CB acute exacerbations from the start of treatment to the end of follow-up. Secondary effectiveness indicators included the details of CB acute exacerbations， i.e.， time to first acute exacerbation， time between acute exacerbations， duration of each time of acute exacerbation， and acute exacerbation symptom severity scores， and lung function indices. The scores of cough， sputum， and wheeze and total symptom scores were compared prior to treatment， at 4， 8， 12， 16， 20， and 24 weeks of treatment， and at 24 weeks of follow-up. The occurrence of adverse events during the study period was recorded and safety indices including blood routine， liver function， kidney function， and urine routine were tested. ResultsA total of 179 participants completed the trial including 119 in the treatment group and 60 in the control group. Compared to pre-treatment scores within the group， the treatment group showed reductions in cough， sputum， and wheeze scores， and total symptom scores at weeks 4， 8， 12， 16， 20， and 24 of treatment， as well as at 24 weeks of follow-up； in the control group， cough scores decreased at weeks 16， 20， and 24， sputum and wheeze scores decreased at week 24 of treatment and at 24 weeks of follow-up， and total symptom scores decreased at weeks 20， 24 of treatment， and at 24 weeks of follow-up （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the treatment group showed reductions in the number of CB acute exacerbations occurence during the treatment and follow-up period， and the total number of CB acute exacerbations from the start of treatment to the end of follow-up， the duration of acute exacerbations， the acute exacerbation symptom severity scores， and the scores for cough， sputum， wheeze， and total symptoms at weeks 8， 12， 16， 20， 24 of treatment， and at 24 weeks of follow-up； while the time to the first acute exacerbation of CB was significantly prolonged in the treatment group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences in lung function indicators between groups before treatment and at 24 weeks after treatment （P＞0.05）. Safety indicators showed no significant abnormalities before or after treatment in either group， and the incidence of adverse events during the treatment period showed no significant differences between the groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionGuben Kechuan Granules can reduce the risk of acute exacerbations in CB patients with lung qi weakness pattern， improve clinical symptoms such as cough， sputum， and wheeze， and show good safety.

Objective To study the characteristics of brain electrical signals in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and healthy elderly volunteers in rest and task loading state.Methods Twenty MCI patients served as a MIC group and 22 sex-,age-and education-matched healthy volunteers served as a control group in this study.The patients were scored according to the MoCA,HADS,MMSE and CMS,their brain electrical signals in a different state were recorded with a digital EEG recording device,and their Lemple-Zie complexity (LZC) was computed on the MATLAB 7.04 platform and comparatively analyzed.Results The MQ value and MoCA,HADS,MMSE,CMS scores were significantly higher in control group than in MCI group (P＜0.01).The LZC value in left frontal region and left temporal region was significantly higher in control group than in MCI group in rest state (0.577±0.059 vs 0.545±0.067,0.576±0.061 vs 0.548±0.059,P＜0.05).The LZC value in right frontal region and right hemisphere was significantly lower in MCI group than in control group in brain electrical activity state (0.535±0.065 vs 0.559±0.033,0.541±0.064 vs 0.551±0.047,P＜0.05).The LZC value in left frontal region,left temporal region,left hemisphere was lower in control group than in MCI group (0.523±0.040 vs 0.547±0.070,0.547±0.048 vs 0.561±0.092,0.542±0.044 vs 0.557±0.067,P＜0.05).Conclusion The LZC value is lost in the left hemisphere but its functional compensation is present in the right and Left parietal lobe,left frontal lobe and right brain areas in MCI patients in a non-linear manner.

AIM:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation (CNV), which reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage, has been observed in a wide range of human diseases .However, whether it correlates with heart failure , which is closely related to oxidative stress, has never been elucidated before .We aimed to systematically investigate the association between leukocyte mtDNA CNV and heart failure risk and prognosis .METHODS: A total of 1 700 hospitalized patients with heart failure and 1 700 age-and gender-matched community population were consecutively enrolled in this observational study , as well as 1 638 ( 96.4%) patients were fol-lowed prospectively for a median of 17 months (12~24 months).The relative mtDNA copy number in leukocyte of peripheral blood or cardiac tissue was measured in triplicate by quantitative real-time PCR method .RESULTS:Patients with heart failure possessed much lower relative mtDNA copy number compared with control subjects (P<0.01), especially for the patients with ischemic etiology (P<0.01).Patients with lower mtDNA copy number exhibited 1.7 times higher risk of heart failure ( P<0.01).Long-term follow-up (median 17 months) showed that decreased mtDNA copy number was significant associated with both increased cardiovascular deaths (P<0.01) and cardiovascular rehospitalization (P<0.01).After adjusted for the conventional risk factors and medications , lower mtDNA copy number were still significantly associated with 50% higher cardiovascular mortality (P <0.05).CONCLUSION:
mtDNA copy number depletion is an independent risk factor for heart failure and predicted higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure .

AIM:The 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) is a potential health-risk factor.Its effects on the cardiovascular system have not been fully investigated .This study was conducted to explore the effects of long-term exposure to 50-Hz MF on the cardiovascular system . METHODS:In the study , an exposure system was constructed and the distribution of 50-Hz MF was detected .Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 50-Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 weeks, 20 hours per day, while another 64 rats were sham exposed. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks, and 24 weeks later, echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation and electrocardiography were performed .Moreover , heart and body weight were recorded , while haematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time PCR were conducted .RESULTS:The results showed that compared with the sham group , exposure to 50-Hz MF did not exert any effect on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate and cardiac rhythm.Further, echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology and haemodynamics .In addition , histopathological examination showed that 50-Hz MF exposure had no effect on the structure of hearts .Finally, the expression of the cardiac hypertrophic relative genes did not show any significant differences between 50-Hz MF exposure group and the sham group .CONCLUSION: Taken together , in SD rats, exposure to 50-Hz/100-μT MF for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system .

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated myostatin propeptide (MPRO) on uptake and oxidation of glucose,and glycogen synthesis in C2C12 myotubes,as well as the associated molecular mechanism.Methods Mature C2C12 myotubes were assigned to the following 6 groups:control,insulin,green fluorescent protein (GFP),insulin + GFP,MPRO,and insulin + MPRO groups.Glucose uptake,glucose oxidation,and glycogen synthesis were detected by counting radioactivity of 14CO2 or 14C labeled glycogen derived from 2-deoxy-[1-14 C] glucose.The activity of insulin signal pathway was evaluated by Western blot.Results Compared with control group,glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were significantly increased in insulin and insulin+GFP groups,and further increased in insulin+MPRO group as compared with insulin alone(all P＜ O.05).However,MPRO and insulin had no effect on glucose oxidation.The phosphorylations of insulin receptor (IR) β,insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1),protein kinase B (Akt),glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β),and the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) in membrane were significantly increased in insulin and insulin+GFP groups compared with control group(all P＜0.05),and were further increased after MPRO transfection (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MPRO may increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in C2C12 cells by activating the IRS/PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

This study examined the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) toxicity to central nervous system (CNS) in treatment of patients with aortic dissection (AD). The medical records of 191 AD patients who were admitted to Tongji Hospital, China, from Jan. 1998 to Feb. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 cases of hypertension (73.3%) and 13 cases of Marfan syndrome (6.8%) among the 191 AD patients. A total of 157 patients were given SNP treatment. The toxic reactions of CNS occurred in 18 subjects (11.5%). Most of the adverse reactions occurred on the fifth day following SNP injection. SNP infusion rate was significantly higher in patients who developed CNS toxicity. It was suggested that systemic hypertension is the most common predisposing factor for AD. The combination of SNP with a β-receptor blocker is a medical therapy commonly used in patients with AD. Cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity from SNP treatment is always the consequence of prolonged drug infusion or relatively high dose administration.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aorta ; surgery ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroprusside ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

This study examined the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) toxicity to central nervous system (CNS) in treatment of patients with aortic dissection (AD). The medical records of 191 AD patients who were admitted to Tongji Hospital, China, from Jan. 1998 to Feb. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 cases of hypertension (73.3%) and 13 cases of Marfan syndrome (6.8%) among the 191 AD patients. A total of 157 patients were given SNP treatment. The toxic reactions of CNS occurred in 18 subjects (11.5%). Most of the adverse reactions occurred on the fifth day following SNP injection. SNP infusion rate was significantly higher in patients who developed CNS toxicity. It was suggested that systemic hypertension is the most common predisposing factor for AD. The combination of SNP with a β-receptor blocker is a medical therapy commonly used in patients with AD. Cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity from SNP treatment is always the consequence of prolonged drug infusion or relatively high dose administration.

Objective To investigate the effect of progesterone on the expressions of inflammation-related factors of cortical cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ),prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ),inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB in the cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats so as to study the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effect of progesterone on TBI.Methods Fortyfive male Spraque-Dawley rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups,ie,sham operation group (n =15),TBI group (n =15) and progesterone treatment group (n =15).The rat model of TBI was duplicated with the improved Feeney' s method.The PROG treatment group was given i.p.injections of progesterone ( 16 mg/kg) at 1 and 6 hours after injury.The rats were sacrificed in three groups at 24 hours after injury and the specimens were removed.The changes of the positive cell numbers and protein level of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The positive cell numbers and protein levels of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex of the TBI group were distinctly higher than those of the sham operation group (P＜O.05).While the positive cell numbers and protein levels of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex of the progesterone treatment group were distinctly lower than those of the TBI group ( P ＜O.05).Conclusions Progesterone may exert protective effect on TBI through inhibiting NF-κB activity,blocking the inflammation response course of NF - κB and iNOS and decreasing the expressions of COX-2 and PGE2.

Objective To analyze relationship between the gene polymorphism of CYP4F2 and essential hypertension (EH) in China's Han population. Methods 189 EH patients and 187 age-matched controls were used to analysis G20597A polymorphism site of CYP4F2 gene with polymerase chain-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results There was no difference of neither genotype nor allele of CYP4F2 (G20597A) between EH and controls through stratified analysis on gender. CYP4F2 gene 20597 G allele carriers had significant association with EH for male in China (81.6% vs 71.3% , P =0.019) , but not with female. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (including smoking, TC, age, genetype, BMI) , the hazard ratio for incident EH in male with CYP4F2 20597GG increased about 2. 689 than that with CYP4F2 20597GA and 20597AA. Conclusion CYP4F2 20597G allele has significant association with male EH, and CYP4F2 20597GG may be an independent predictor of EH for male in china's Han population.