OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of glycerin fructose injection dripping speed on hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral infarction. METHODS:A total of 273 cases were randomly assigned to slow dripping speed group and fast dripping speed group. The trend of examination indexes including whole blood viscosity(?b) ,whole blood reducing viscosity(?Lr) ,plasma viscosity(?p) ,hematocrit(HCT) ,erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI) of two groups were analyzed statistically using prospective clinical control trial. RESULTS:With glycerin fructose injection therapy,hemorheological indexes all decreased at different degrees;slow dripping speed group was better and statistical difference was noted in the comparison of two groups(P

OBJECTIVE:To analyze disease burden of antibiotic associated colitis(AAC)in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,and to explore prevention and treatment countermeasures. METHODS:Retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of AAC in 157 cases of severe traumatic brain injury and application duration,dosage and category of antibiotics. RESULTS:Overuse of antibiotics was closely associated with the occurrence of AAC,especially cephalosporins(P

OBJECTIVE:To observe efficacy and safety of reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of early cerebral infarction.METHODS:102 cases of early acute cerebral infarction from Jan.2007 to Aug.2009 were received intravenous thrombolytic therapy.52 cases were treated with reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium as observation group and 50 cases were treated with reteplase as control group.The neurological deficit scores(NIHSS) values at 1,7 and 14 d before and after treatment were compared between 2 groups.The complication of 2 groups were evaluated after treatment.RESULTS:The NIHSS score in observation group were decreased significantly as compared with control group,there were significant difference(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Intravenous administration of 10 MU reteplase combined with 5 000 U?12 h-1 low-molecular heparin sodium is superior to reteplase alone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium does not increase the risk of bleeding in key site of patients(including the elderly).

OBJECTIVE: To look for the breakthrough for the implementation of national essential drugs system in China. METHODS: Based on relevant literatures, the disadvantage of establishment of National Essential Drug System and its main reason were considered. RESULTS: Five disadvantages of establishment of National Essential Drugs System were as follows: early starting, slow process and some links against essential drug system; clear direction of national drug policy without significant effectiveness; Essential Drugs List didn’t occupy high dominant position. National Essential Drugs System lacked of legal status and liability subject. CONCLUSION: National Essential Drug System should be escalated from policy of government to national policy, and legislation of National Essential Drug System should be strengthened. Government at all levels is liability subject to implement National Essential Drugs System and perform classification management system of essential drug.

Objective Detection of single nucleutide polymorphisms in CD31-563 codon by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC). Methods The eighth exon fragments of CD31 code gene in chromosome 17q23 were amplified by PCR. The fragments were analysed with DHPLC and were sequenced and compared with the sequences available in National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) database. Results The length of the amplified fragments is 203bp. There are three kinds of pictures when the fragments are analysed by DHPLC, after comparing with direct sequencing, the pictures of G/G homozygous、A/A homozygous、G/A heterozygous are obviously different, thus the individuals with the three kinds of genetype can be distinguished accurately. In 74 healthy people studied,the gene frequencies of CD31-563S(AGC) is 0.514, the gene frequencies of CD31-563N( AAC) is 0. 486. Conclusion DHPLC can effectively, economically and accurately detect the single nucleutide polymorphisms in CD31 -563 codon.

Objective： To study the expression and role of IL-6, IL-6 receptor(IL-6R) and acute phase reaction factor (APRF) in PMNC of multiple myeloma(MM) patients. Methods:The bioactivity of IL-6 and the level of sIL-6R in sera of MM patients were measured using IL-6 dependent cell line 7TD1 and ELISA respectively. The APRF activity of PMNC DNA binding protein was observed by gel blocking electrophoresis (EMSA). Results:The bioactivity of IL-6 and the level of sIL-6R in MM sera were significantly higher than those of the control and the level was coordinated with that of the tumor. The results of PMNC DNA binding protein EMSA showed that PMNC of MM patients expressed APRF after stimulation of IL-6,whereas there was no activity of APRF in the normal PMNC. Conclusion:In MM,some regulation machines of IL-6 signal transduction pathways changed (eg.protein kinase), resulting in the activation of transcription of acute phase reaction element(APRE), APRF may have a role in pathogenesis of MM.

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a cerebrovascular variant disease. Researches have shown that further development of VBD may lead to severe disability and even death. The pathogenesis of VBD is still unclear, and there is no specific clinical prevention and treatment scheme. Therefore, establishing a stable and reliable animal model helps to further understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of VBD. This article reviews the establishment methods and research progress of the available VBD animal models.

Whether Fanconi anemia (FA) heterozygotes are predisposed to bone marrow failure and hematologic neoplasm is a crucial but unsettled issue in cancer prevention and family consulting. We retrospectively analyzed rare possibly significant variations (PSVs) in the five most obligated FA genes, BRCA2, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, and FANCG, in 788 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and hematologic malignancy. Sixty-eight variants were identified in 66 patients (8.38%). FANCA was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 29), followed by BRCA2 (n = 20). Compared with that of the ExAC East Asian dataset, the overall frequency of rare PSVs was higher in our cohort (P = 0.016). BRCA2 PSVs showed higher frequency in acute lymphocytic leukemia (P = 0.038), and FANCA PSVs were significantly enriched in AA and AML subgroups (P = 0.020; P = 0.008). FA-PSV-positive MDS/AML patients had a higher tumor mutation burden, higher rate of cytogenetic abnormalities, less epigenetic regulation, and fewer spliceosome gene mutations than those of FA-PSV-negative MDS/AML patients (P = 0.024, P = 0.029, P = 0.024, and P = 0.013). The overall PSV enrichment in our cohort suggests that heterozygous mutations of FA genes contribute to hematopoietic failure and leukemogenesis.
Anemia, Aplastic/genetics* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics* ; Germ Cells ; Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between donor TNFalpha - 308 (G/A) genotype and recipient acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD).

METHODSTNFalpha - 308 (G/A) and TNFalpha - 308 (G/G) genotypes were analyzed by DHPLC and DNA sequence in twenty-one degree III/IV (III/IV) aGVHD patients, and twenty-eight degree 0/I (0/I) aGVHD patients. Serum TNFalpha levels were determined by ELISA.

RESULTSThe frequency of TNFalpha - 308 (G/A) genotype was significantly higher in III/IV aGVHD patients than in 0/I aGVHD patients (8/21 vs 1/28) (P < 0.05); and so did for higher serum TNFalpha levels (P < 0.05). TNFalpha levels were higher in III/IV aGVHD patients than in 0/I aGVHD patients in TNFalpha - 308 (G/G) patients (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTNFalpha - 308 (G/A) is positively related to serum TNFalpha levels and most likely contributes to high risk for III/IV aGVHD.

Acute Disease ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Graft vs Host Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detection of the rare or difficult-to-cultivate pathogens. Methods: One patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who went through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) developed symptoms of infection after transplantation. Conventional microbial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and mNGS combined with biological information analysis were performed with plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples, the anti-infective treatment was adjusted according to the test results, and the efficacy was assessed. Results: No suspected pathogens were detected by microbial culture and PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples since the patient developed infection symptoms. However, Legionella pneumophila was analyzed by mNGS in the cerebrospinal fluid specimen on day 23 after allo-HSCT (reads count: 19 655), and it was considered as the principal pathogen after comprehensively evaluating the patient's clinical manifestations and the test results. Then the antimicrobial treatments were adjusted according to the patient's clinical manifestations and laboratory test results, and the number of gene sequences of Legionella pneumophila was monitored by mNGS method. Azithromycin, tigecycline, and other antibiotics effective for Legionella pneumophila were used after detecting this pathogen. A total of 15 mNGS analysis were performed during the 5-month period, and the highest number of Legionella pneumophila sequences monitored in the cerebrospinal fluid was 2 226, the lowest was 253 and eventually turned negative. The clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes were consistent with the mNGS monitoring results. Conclusions The mNGS technology has significant value in detection of the rare and difficult-to-cultivate pathogens. The mNGS technology provides a valuable supplement to microbial culture and PCR methods.