Objective To investigate the level changes of plasma insulin,serum lipids in type 2 diabetes with cholelithiasis.Methods 159 cases of types 2 diabetic patients was studied during recently 3 years in our department of endocrinology,the levels of blood glucose,plasma insulin and insulin sensitivity index(ISI),serum lipids,apolipoproteins(ApoA 1,B) were measured both fasting and post-prandial,and investigated their correlation between type 2 diabetic patients with cholelithiasis(n=103) and without cholelithiasis(n=56).Results Female was predominated in fifty-six diabetic with cholelithiasis,they had higher triglyceride(TG),fasting or post-prandial insulins,ApoA 1,ApoB,the top body weight index and lower ISI than 103 diabetics without cholelithiasis.There were no significant differences in total cholesterol(CH),HDL-Ch,LDL-Ch,blood glucose concentrations between the groups.Conclusions Obesity,insulin resistance and lipids metabolic disturbance might be related to the development of cholelithiasis in type 2 diabetic patients.

China Three Gorges University(CTGU) started undergraduate medical education for foreign students since 2004. Over the years,through continuous interaction with coordinators,CTGU grad-ually transited from passive teaching to active teaching. Firstly we determined basic principles,objectives and requirements of talent training programme. Secondly,we strengthen Chinese language teaching, reasonably adjusted professional curriculum and teaching content,added basic medical courses and rea-sonably arranged clinical practice based on the concrete situation in our country. in order to make the cur-riculum system consistent with the require-ments of talent training.

BACKGROUND: Diphosphonate has a predominant therapeutic effect in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ibandronate, as a new-type diphosphonate preparation, is gradually becoming a study hotspot.OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the efficiency of ibandronate in interfering postmenopausal osteoposis by observing bone mass loss related indexes in ovariectomized rats, and made a comparison with nilestriol.DESIGN: A completely randomized grouping, and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Study Room for Bone metabolism, Fudan University Medical College.MATERIALS: Forty SD female rats, aged 10-12 months, were involved in this study. Ibandronate was provided by the State Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Institute of Atomic Medicine. Nilestriol was produced in the Shanghai 12th Pharmaceutical Factory.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Study Room for Bone Metabolism, Institute of Radiation Medicine,Shanghai Medical University between August 1996 and June 1998. The rats were divided into 4 groups by a lot, 10 rats in each: sham-operation group, ovariectomized group, ovariectomized+ibandronate group and ovariectomized +nilestriol group. In the sham-operation group, only small pieces of adipose tissue around the ovary were resected from the rats.Three months after operation, each rat was intragastrically administrated with 1 mL normal saline; In the ovariectomized group, ovariectomized+ibandronate group and ovariectomized +nilestriol group, each rat was subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and 3 months later, they were intragastrically administrated with normal saline, ibandronate water solution [0.5 mg/( kg·d)] and nilestriol suspension [1 mg/(kg· time)] respectively. Each rat in the latter three groups was administrated for 90 days, twice in the first week, and then once a week.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Left femur was taken out, and its dry weight and ash weight were measured. Calcium content of bone was determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, bone density of the whole body with a bone density apparatus, the bone density at the juncture of 1/2 right femoral bone length with a single photon bone density apparatus, and femoral anti-bending force was determined with a universal testing machine. Alkaline phosphatase were determined by dynamical method with an automatic biochemistry analyzer, urine calcium by EDTA titration method, urine creatinine by picric kinetic method, and urinary hydroxyproline by modified proline assay.Trabecular area was calculated.RESULTS: Forty rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Bone dry weight, bone ash weight and bone calcium content in the ovariectomized group were significantly lower than those in the other 3 groups, respectively (t =13.58-52.98, P ＜0.05). ② Femoral bone density and bone density of the whole body of rats in the ovariectomized group were significantly lower than those in the other 3 groups (t =3.31-5.61, P＜0.05), while anti-bending force was close between ovariectomized group and the other 3 groups (P＞0.05). ③ The ratio of urine calcium to urine creatinine was significantly lower in the ovariectomized+ibandronate group and ovariectomized +nilestriol group than in the ovariectomized group (t =4.04, 3.30, P＜0.05). No significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase and ratio of urinary hydroxyproline to urinary creatinine existed among the groups (P ＞ 0.05). ④Trabecular area of vertebrae in the ovariectomized group was significantly smaller than that in the other 3 groups (t =2.22,2.41,3.45,P ＜ 0.05), while the trabecular area of tibia in the ovariectomized group was only smaller than that in the ovariectomized +nilestriol group (t =2.45, P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis apPears obviously in the SD rats 3 months after ovariectomy. Ibandronate has obviously inhibitory effects on the bone mass loss of rats with postmenopausal osteoposis, and it is equivalent to nilestriol in inhibitory effect.

Objective To explore the influence of modified radical gastrectomy on glycometabolism in patients with gastric carcinoma and non-obese T2DM.Methods The retrospective study was carried out to analyze the changes of glycometabolism between preoperative and postoperative follow-up in 25 patients with gastric carcinoma and non-obese T2DM.The above parameters included fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1),and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).Results At the 6th and 12th month after operation,the related parameters such as FPG,2 h PBG,HbA1c,FINS and HOMA-IR were (7.54±1.44) mmo]/L and (7.17±1.35) mmol/L,(9.97±1.59)mmol/L and (9.47±1.23) mmol/L,(6.46±0.74)％ and (6.31±0.97)％,(7.73±0.98) μIU/ml and (7.44±0.96) μIU/ml,1.10±0.15 and 1.04±0.14 respectively.The above indexes were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P＜O.05).The levels of fasting GLP-1 at 6th and 12th month after operation were (2.27±0.25) pmol/ml and (2.33±0.27) pmol/ml respectively,and there was no significant change compared with those before operation (P＞0.05).On the contrary,the levels of GIP at 6th and 12th month after operation are significantly decreased compared with that before operation,which were (7.23±1.33) pmol/ml and (6.40±1.20) pmol/ml respectively.Conclusion The modified radical gastrectomy can improve T2DM in patients with gastric carcinoma markedly,even curing some patients,which may be related to the decrease of fasting GIP after operation.

Colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is found recently an important member of cancer-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).Dysregulation of CCAT2 plays a pivotal role in tumor pathophysiological processes,especially in tumourigenesis and progression of digestive system neoplasms,thus,CCAT2 likely represents a novel cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CCAT2 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential interventional target for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.The present review summarizes current evidences of CCAT2 in digestive system neoplasms.

Objective:To verify the clinical efficacy and safety of Qufeng Tongxuan method in treating low- and moderate-volume intracerebral hemorrhage at acute stage.Methods:A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed; patients with low- and moderate-volume intracerebral hemorrhage at the basal ganglia and/or thalamus accepted treatment in 16 hospitals from September 2019 to April 2022 were enrolled. These patients were divided into experimental and control groups with a block randomized method by SAS software. Patients in control group were given conventional western medicine treatment; those in experimental group accepted Qufeng Tongxuan method (sequential therapy of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules and Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu granules) besides conventional western medicine treatment. NIHSS was used to assess neurological function before treatment and on 7 th, 14 th, 30 th, and 90 th d of treatment. Prognoses of these patients were assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) before treatment and on 180 th d of treatment. Brain CT was performed before treatment and on 7 th and 14 th d of treatment to calculate the hematoma volume. Before treatment and on 14 th d of treatment, changes of coagulation function, liver and kidney functions of the 2 groups were compared. Adverse reactions during treatment in the 2 groups were recorded. Results:No significant differences in NIHSS scores were noted between the 2 groups before treatment, on 7 th, 14 th, and 30 th d of treatment ( P>0.05); NIHSS scores in experimental group on 90 th d of treatment were signficantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.05); NIHSS scores in experimental group decreased gradually before treatment and on 7 th, 14 th, 30 th and 90 th d of treatment, with statistical significances ( P<0.05). No significant differences in mRS scores were noted between the 2 groups before treatment ( P>0.05); mRS scores in experimental group on 180 th d of treatment were signfciantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.05). No significant difference in hematoma volume was noted between the 2 groups before treatment and on 7 th and 14 th d of treatment ( P>0.05); both groups had gradually decreased hematoma volumes before treatment and on 7 th and 14 th d of treatment, respectively, with significant differences ( P<0.05); the volume difference of hematoma between 14 th d of treatment and before treatment in experimental group (6.42[4.10, 11.73]) was significantly higher than that in control group (4.00[1.25, 10.58], P<0.05). No significant differences in liver and kidney function indexes or coagulation function indexes were noted between the 2 groups before treatment and on 14 th d of treatment ( P>0.05). Adverse reaction incidence was 9.52% ( n=12) in experimental group and 10.34% ( n=12) in control group, without statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Under premise of conventional western medicine treatment, Qufeng Tongxuan method can promote hematoma absorption and improve neurological deficit symptoms in low- and moderate-volume intracerebral hemorrhage at acute stage, without obvious adverse reactions.