Objective To evaluate intravesical capsaicin for the treatment of obstinate urethral syndrome in female. Methods Thirty two female patients suffering from urethral syndrome not relieved on various therapeutic methods for a long time were treated by bladder instillation of 100 ml of 100 ?mol/L capsaicin. Results 15 cases were followed up for more than 12 months with improvement in 94%.The symptoms were totally disappeared in 33% of the patients.The syndrome recurred in 53% between 3～6 months. 1 case did no response to the treatment. Bladder instillation of capsaicin induced an increase of the bladder volume.Some burning sensation was the only side effect. Conclusions Intravesical capsaicin could be a long lasting effective therapeutic method for patients with obstinate urethral syndrome.

Objective To introduce and evaluate the technique of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation.Methods Three donors underwent laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, and 3 recipients received renal transplantation. The procedures were described in detail. Results The surgery was successfully performed in all 3 cases. Ischemia of the harvested kidneys was less than 8 min. All 3 kidneys were successfully transplanted and functioned well in 3 recipients up to now.Conclusion Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a minimally invasive surgery. Advantages include less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and convalescence. The recipients also have a satisfactory renal function.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of robot-assisted laparosocopic ureterolithotomy.Methods The clinical data of 28 cases(15 males and 13 females),aged 42(18～72),of laparosocopic ureterolithotomy with AESOP system(computer Motion,USA) was analyzed.Of the 28 cases,18 patients had upper ureter stones and 10 had middle ureter stones.Results All procedures were completely performed by robot assisted laparosocopic ureterolithotomy.The operative time was ranged from 35 to 150 min(averaged 50 min) and the intraoperative blood loss was ranged from 20 to 50 ml(averaged 30ml).The postoperative hospital time was 3 to 5 days and no ureter stricture or recurrent calculus was found during the follow-up period(2～13 months).Conclusion The ZEUS AESOP system has the characteristics of high intelligence and humanization.The robot-assisted laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is effective,safe and precise.