Objective To study the effects of estrogen on the cultured osteoclasts in vitro. Methods The acid phosphatase (ACP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were measured kinetically and the introcellular hydrogen ions were calculated with the confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). The area and number of the resorption pits were determined with the Leica Quantimet 500 system. Bone resorption pits were observed with scanning electronicmicroscope. Results With the estrogen concentration increased, the ACP and TRAP activities decreased from (1 69?0 13) U/L and (1 60?0 14) U/L to (1 16?0 31) U/L and (0 93?0 34) U/L, respectively (experiment group vs control group, P

Objective:To determine the content of notoginsenoside R1 , ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Shuxuening capsules. Meth-ods:The three constituents were determined on a Hypersil ODS-2 C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution using acetonitrile (A) -aqueous solution (B) (0-8 min, 20%A→20%A, 8-40 min, 20%A→30%A, 40-60 min, 30%A→45%A) at the detection wavelength of 203 nm with a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:The calibration curve showed good linearity within the concentration range of 0. 05-0. 50 mg·ml-1 for notogisenoside R1 , and 0.20-2.00 mg·ml-1 for ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1(r =0.999 9). The average relative recovery was 98.79%, 98.42% and 98. 89% for each constituent(RSD=0. 85%, 0. 97% and 0. 74%, respectively, n=6). The intra-day RSD was 0. 49%, 0. 20% and 0. 39%, and the inter-day RSD was 0. 75%, 0. 56% and 0. 51%, respectively. The RSDs of stability test and repeatability test were less than 1%. Conclusion:The method is simple with good accuracy and repeatability, which can be used for the determination of no-toginsenoside R1 , ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Shuxuening capsules.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function to predict serum trough concentrations of vancomycin. Methods Data on trough concentrations of vancomycin(Cmea ),serum creatinine (Scr)concentrations,cystatin C( Cys C) concentrations were collected from 81 hospitalized patients who received vancomycin therapy. Predicted vancomycin trough concentrations(Cpre )were calculated based on Scr or Cys C concentrations associating with Bayesian forecasting method through NONMEM software. Finally,the correlations and distinctions between Cpre and Cmea were comparatively analyzed. Results There were both correlation between Cpre and Cmea in relation to Scr or Cys C(r = 0. 678,P<0. 01;r=0. 727,P<0. 01). Besides,the errors of mean predictive error(ME),mean absolute error(MAE)and root-mean-square error(RMSE)for Scr was - 5. 79,6. 86,9. 86 μg · mL-1 , respectively, where as the errors for Cys C was - 0. 82,5. 42, 7. 74 μg·mL-1 ,respectively. Conclusion Cystatin C is a good marker of renal function available for predicting serum vancomycin concentrations.

Objective To study paraquat adsorbability of different field soils in Guangxi province of China. Methods HPLC method was adopted to measure the peak area of paraquat in three different media of four types of soils. Chromatographic column was Kromasil C18 column (4. 6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (including 0. 03 mol·L-1 sodium heptanesulfonate and 0. 24 mol·L-1 phosphoric acid) at a ratio of 397 (pH adjusted to 2. 0 by triethylamine). Detection wave length was 258 nm; column temperature was 25 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL; flow rate was 0. 8 mL·min-1 . The peak areas of paraquat before and after being adsorbed were compared to calculate the adsorption rate of paraquat in different soils. Results All tested soil samples possessed the adsorption rate of paraquat over 99. 0%. Conclusion Four common field soils in Guangxi province can be used as temporary effective absorbents for the first-aid of paraquat poisoning.

Objective To investigate the surgical management of huge pelvic tumor.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with huge pelvic tumor who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Henan Province from February 2005 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Tumor resectability was assessed via enhanced computed tomography or three-dimensional reconstruction,and the tumors were freed and resected by combination of muliiple surgical approaches.All the patients were followed up via telephone or re-examination at the out-patient department to learn the recurrence and metastasis of tumor.The survival rate was calculated using the life table.Results Fifty patients received preoperative computed tomography examination,and the imaging data of 6 patients were three-dimensionally reconstructed.Preoperative evaluation showed that 49 patients needed combined multivisceral resection,5 needed tumor resection,and the tumors of 2 patients were unresectable.Fourteen patients were diagnosed preoperatively,and 8 patients were diagnosed by intraoperative rapid frozen section examination,and the rest 34 patients were diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination.The surgical approaches including anterior median sacral approach combined with transperineal coccyx anterior approach (21 patients),anterior median sacral approach (11 patients),obturator approach (8 patients),retropubic approach (8 patients) and obturator approach combined with transperineal approach of coccyx (8 patients).Tumor and rectum resection was carried out on 18 patients,tumor and partial bladder resection on 12 patients,tumor,uterus and ovariectomization on 12 patients,tumor,part of the small intestine and colorectal resection on 10 patients,tumor and total pelvic exenteration on 4 patients.In all the 56 patients,53 achieved R0 resection,2 cases reached naked eye clean,1 case had residual tumor.The mean operation time was 100 minutes.Fifty patients recovered uneventfully.Six patients had postoperative complications,including 3 patients with intestinal obstruction (2 patients were cured by conservative treatment,and 1 patient was cured by surgery),2 patients with pelvic infection and 1 patient with colostomy hernia,and they were cured by drainage and nutritional support.One patient died of postoperative myocardial infarction.The results of postoperative pathologic study showed that 25 patients were with adenocarcinoma,16 with sarcoma and 15 with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Forty-seven patients were followup to December 2012,and the 5-year survival rate was 26.7％ for patients with adenocarcinoma,18.9％ for patients with sarcoma,and 52.6％ for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Conclusion Preoperative assessment of resectability of huge pelvic tumor can reduce unnecessary laparotomy and improve the safety of operation.

Objective To evaluate mono-and bi-exponential decay models in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods 28 patients with HCC who underwent conventional MRI imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging were collected,and all the HCC lesions were proved by operation pathology.The ADC values in mono-exponential decay model and ADCst ,ADCslow , ADCfast and ffast of the lesions in bi-exponential decay model were measured through the reconstruction of ADCmap ,ADCslow map, ADCfast map and fraction of fast ADC at a workstation.The relationships between the ADC values with low,medium and high b-val-ues and different differentiation degrees of HCC were analyzed.Moreover,the relationships between the ADCst ,ADCslow ,ADCfast , ffast values and HCC defferentiation grades were also explored.Results Significant differences in ADC value were found among differ-ent degrees of HCC differentiation in middle and high b-value groups (P <0.05).A positive correlation was found between the ADC value and the degree of HCC differentiation in middle (r=0.377,P <0.01)and high b-value group (r =0.81 5,P <0.01).There were no significant differences in ADC value among the different degrees of HCC differentiation in low b-value group.There were significant differences in the values of ADCst ,ADCslow and ADCfast among different degrees of HCC differentiation.Significant posi-tive correlations were found between the values of ADCst ,ADCslow and ADCfast and the degree of differentiation (P <0.01).There were no significant differences in the values of ffast among different degrees of HCC differentiation.Conclusion ADC value in mono-exponential decay model plays a potential role in the diagnosis of different differentiation degree of HCC with a b value ≥400 s/mm2 .Furthermore,the parameters in bi-exponential decay model,especially the values of ADCst ,ADCslow and ADCfast ,can provide new and unique information in the distinction of different degrees of HCC differentiation.

Objective To summarize radiographic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma (GS),in order to investigate its radio-graphic feature.Methods Nine patients of GS confirmed by surgery pathology and immunohistochemistry were collected.There were four cases underwent CT scan,2 underwent MRI,3 underwent CT and MRI meanwhile.Results There were 4 cases in the lymph nodes,4 cases in the bone,1 case in the enterocoelia.The density of enlarged lymph node was inhomogeneous,and smaller lymph node was homogeneous density,both enhanced obviously.The density or intensity of the lesions occurred in the canalis verteb-ralis and paravertebra was also homogeneous,slightly enhanced,with bone and medulla ossea invasion.Lesions in the enterocoelia was inhomogeneous desity with clear boundary,enhanced inhomogeneously.Conclusion GS is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature myeloid cells.CT and MRI can provide a certain diagnostic value.The perplexity in diagnosing such lesions highlighted the need of careful interpretation of all clinacal,radiographic,histopathological and immunochistochemical details as it is one of the most frequently misdiagnosed disorder.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of spinal injury, and provide insights on key points and related issues for operations. Methods Two hundred and five cases of spinal fracture were treated through posterior surgical treatment. Under C-arm X-ray monitoring, surgeries had been operated on pedicle screws insertion, vertebral canal decompression, over-extending reduction position, and placed the connecting rod, knocked in the bone graft and finally transplanted the paraspinal bone. Results After operations , the height and morphology of vertebral bodies and spinal physiological curvature were basically recovered analyzed by X ray examination. The follow-up results (in the average of 14 to 36 months) indicated that there were 4 cases of delayed infection, 7 cases of loosen screw, 6 cases of broken screw (14 screws)and 1 case of broken stick, with no secondary nerve injury or other syndromes. Conclusion The vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation manipulated easily, which could sufficiently enlarge vertebral canal in order to decompression. In addition, during the operation, together with over-extending reduction position is beneficial to regain the height of fractured vertebral bodies.

Objective: To explore the influence of the 4th revised treatment recommendations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on high dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity and MTX blood concentrations. Method: The clinical data from 330 ALL children who received 1 242 courses of HD-MTX therapies from September 2012 to November 2016 was collected. The courses were divided into two groups based on the chemotherapies: original scheme group was treated with the 3rd revised regimen, and new scheme group was treated with the 4th revised regimen. The two groups in acute kidney injury (AKI) and MTX blood concentrations were compared. Result: The incidences of AKI with low risk (LR) and intermediate risk (IR) in new scheme group were significantly lower than those in original scheme group (1.3%(3/229) vs. 7.9%(24/303), 4.9%(10/204) vs. 12.8%(26/203), χ²=11.831 and 7.888 respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of AKI with high risk (HR) in the two groups (15.2%(10/66) vs. 10.5%(25/237), χ²=1.071, P>0.05). The 48h MTX blood concentrations and the interphase from onste to MTX concentrations decreased to the safe level with LR and IR children in new scheme group were significantly lower than those in original scheme group (0.36(0.08-4.00) vs. 0.44(0.06-32.00) μmol/L, 0.49(0.22-33.00) vs. 0.60(0.18-83.00) μmol/L, 3(2-6) vs. 3(2-11) d, 3(2-11) vs. 3(2-19) d, Z=-5.953, -2.658, -4.490 and -4.729 respectively, all P<0.05). The differences with HR were not observed between the two groups (0.61(0.14-36.00) vs. 0.71(0.11-68.00) μmol/L, 3(2-15) vs. 3(2-13) d, Z=-1.465 and -1.179 respectively, both P>0.05). Conclusion Decreased renal toxicity and acceleration of MTX excretion may occur when childhood ALL with LR and IR were treated with the 4th revised regimen. However, nephrotoxicity and MTX blood concentrations have no significant differences with HR in the two regimens, and close monitoring are necessary.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of paraquat in human serum.Methods:The analytical column was a Kromasil C18column (200mm×4.6mm,5μm).The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water ( containing 0.03 mol·L-1sodium heptanesulfonate and 0.24 mol·L-1phosphoric acid) (3 :97,pH was adjusted to 2.0 by triethylamine),the detection wavelength was set at 258 nm,the column temperature was 25℃,the injection volume was 20 μl,and the flow rate was 0.8 ml·min-1.Results:The calibration curve of paraquat was linear within the range of 0.106-10.6 mg·L-1( r =0.999 3),and the lower limit of detection was 0.065 mg·L-1. The absolute recovery of paraquat at low,medium and high concentration was more than 89.4%,and the method recovery was more than 94.4%. The intra-day RSDs were 0.12%-1.74%,and the inter-day RSDs were 0.44%-2.89%.Conclusion:The method is simple,quick,accurate,sensitive and specific,and can be used for detecting paraquat con-centration in human serum.