OBJECTIVEAllogeneic marrow transplantation is a curative therapy for thalassemia, but no more than 30% of patients have HLA-indentical sibling marrow donor. The selection of alternative donors of unrelative marrow and the study on the probability of treating thalassemia major with unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation are of importance.

METHODSNine children with thalassemia were included in the study, and their gene mutational type were homozygote of thalassemia and double heterozygote, respectively. All of them were finally diagnosed of thalassemia major, and treated with unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation. To high-resolution HLA typing, two patients were matched, five had one unmatched isoform and two had two unmatched isoforms. The erythrocyte blood type was not matched in six patients. The preparative regimen included busulfan (oral use, 16 mg/kg, divided for 4 days), cyclophosphamide (intravenous use, 200 mg/kg, divided for 4 days), antithymocyte immunoglobulin (intravenous use, 30 mg/kg, divided for 3 days), and fludarabine (intravenous use, 125 mg/m(2), divided for 3 days). Ciclosporin A and methotrexate were used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.

RESULTSAll patients had allergen reactions. One had hypotension. Five patients experienced I degrees approximately III degrees acute GVHD in the skin, while one had II degrees acute GVHD in liver. One patient had III degrees GVHD of intestines and gradually developed chronic GVHD in the skin, lungs and brain. One patient died of pulmonary hemorrhage. The duration when peripheral blood neutrophil count exceeded 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 12 - 26 days. The recovery time of WBC was as long as 23 - 110 days. Thrombocytes exceeded 50 x 10(9) within 61 approximately 142 days. The time when hemoglobin reached 100 g/L varied from 23 to 116 days. The last blood transfusion was on 13 - 62 days. Eight patients were fully grafted, while one was not grafted. During the 6 - 24 months of follow-up, seven patients' genotype of thalassemia major became normal. The erythrocyte blood type of five patients also changed into the same as that of donor. The hemoglobin was kept over 110 g/L without blood transfusion.

CONCLUSIONThe transplantation of unrelated donor bone marrow for thalassemia major was successful. Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation could cure thalassemia major, which expanded the marrow donor source for the transplantation of thalassemia major.

ABO Blood-Group System ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Transplantation Tolerance ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between genetic polymorphism of NAT2 and susceptibility to bladder cancer.

METHODSNAT2 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method in 69 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 88 healthy controls.

RESULTSThe frequency of NAT2 slow genotypes was 26.1% (18/69) in patients compared with 14.8% (13/88) in controls (P < 0.05). Bladder cancer risk in patients with NAT2 slow genotypes was 2 fold as high as that in patients with NAT2 rapid genotypes. When NAT2 rapid genotypes/non-smoker were used as reference, bladder cancer risk increased to 5.8-fold (P < 0.05). Among the smokers with PY higher than 10, the patients showed a higher frequency of NAT2 slow genotype than controls (P < 0.05). It was also shown that the patients with slow NAT2 genotypes were more likely to have high grade tumor (P < 0.05) and advanced stage tumor (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that NAT2 genetic polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. People with NAT2 slow genotype have higher bladder cancer risk.

Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Smoking ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the acting mechanism of electrical field in electrical injury.

METHODSThirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were employed in the study and were randomly divided into 7 groups. There were 12 rabbits in group 1 and 4 in each group of other 6 groups. The animal model of nonthermal electrical injury previously replicated was employed in the study. Experiment with paralleled muscular fibers in electrical field was carried out in groups 2 approximately 4, while that of vertical muscular fibers in electrical field in groups 5-7. Anatomical examination was done to determine the index of deep burn injury (IDBI) in all groups of rabbits at 0, 2 and 24 postburn hour (PBH). Histological and ultrastructural examination, gamma picturing and isotope scanning with 99mTc were done in group 1 at 2 PBH.

RESULTSThere was no obvious skin injury in the white rabbits in group 1. Deep tissue necrosis was identified under the small electrode. Constant muscular spasm was observed in the inner side of the thigh. The muscles in paralleled electrical field suffered more severe injury than those in vertical one. Tissue injury was more severe in those areas with higher current density, less soft tissue, and also in the central area of the axis of the electric field. There were obvious changes in the perfusion and blood pool phases in these areas as observed with the aid of 99mTc. Light microscopic examination revealed swelling and necrosis of muscular fibers. Under electron microscopy, it was found that there were edema and dissolution with separation of lipid molecular layers of cell membrane, Shortened nucleus with partial dissolution of nuclear membrane, increased heparin granules within nucleus, swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, myofilament dissolution, expanded gap between myofilament and decreased number of heparin granules.

CONCLUSIONNon-thermal tissue injury in the electrical field, in terms of cell, ultrastructural and molecular levels, was induced and aggravated by all the factors constituting high voltage electrical field.

Animals ; Electric Injuries ; pathology ; Lower Extremity ; injuries ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture combined physical training and relearning on stroke patients.

METHODSA multi-center, randomized controlled trial design was adopted. A total of 364 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (184 cases) and the control group (180 cases). Patients in the experimental group received acupuncture combined with physical training and relearning, while those in the control group only received physical training and relearning. All received four weeks of treatment. Effects on Fugl-Meyer motor function, neurological impairment, activities of daily living difference were compared before treatment, after treatment, 2 and 5 months after follow-ups between the two groups.

RESULTSTotally 353 patients completed this trial, 179 in the experimental group and 174 in the control group. (1) compared with before treatment, brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scored obviously increased, and scores for neurological impairment obviously decreased in the two group. Besides, the increment of brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups; scores for neurological impairment was obviously lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The increment of FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 5 of follow-ups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) There was statistical difference in inter-group comparison of total Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores, or scores for neurological impairment (P < 0.01). The improvement of Fugl-Meyer motor functions grading and neurological impairment grading was obviously superior in the experimental group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups. The distribution of FIM grading was also better in the experimental group at month 5 of follow-ups (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSBoth acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning and physical training and relearning could effectively promote the rehabilitation of stroke patients, reduce their neurological impairment degrees, improve motor functions and independent capacities. Better long-term efficacy could be obtained by acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Research Design ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo review the characteristics of Madelung's disease which is rare and unfamiliar to clinicians and to find the method of diagnosis and treatment.

METHODSDetailed clinical data of 7 patients with Madelung's disease were reviewed and analyzed. And related literatures were discussed together.

RESULTSAll of 7 patients have excessive subcutaneous fat deposit predominantly around neck. One patients had the complication of central and peripheral neuropathy, One patients had the complication of glucose intolerance, One patients had the complication of chronic hepatopathy and hyperuricaemia. These 3 patients were associated with sleep apnea syndrome simultaneously. Another one patient was accompanied by autonomic nervous system disease only. Total neck lipectomy and abstinence from alcohol were performed on 5 patients. No recurrence was seen during a follow-up of 6 months to 5 years. One patient received partial lipectomy twice and relapsed again. All pathological results were nonencapsulated fat. One patient refused treatment. Six men patients were alcohol abusers.

CONCLUSIONSMadelung's disease is characterized by massive accumulation of nonencapsulated subcutaneous fat mainly located symmetrically in the neck. Chronic alcoholism may be a major risk factor. It may be associated with some internal diseases. Total neck lipectomy to improve figuration and relieve pressure and abstinence from alcohol may be the main effective therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholism ; Female ; Humans ; Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Subcutaneous Fat ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of aromatase on breast cancer proliferation and invasive ability, so as to detect the relationship between in situ estrogen levels and molecular biological characteristics of breast cancer.

METHODSBy immunohistochemistry staining, the expression of aromatase, matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 9) in the primary breast cancers were detected, the associations between aromatase and MMPs as well as clinical-pathological factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive rates of aromatase were 25.0% (+) and 29.9% (++). Aromatase status was associated with MMP2, MMP9 and co-expression of MMP2 and MMP9 (P < 0.05), but not associated with tumor size, ER/PR status, menopausal status and tumor grade (P > 0.05). In the postmenopausal patients there was a relationship between aromatase and tumor size (P < 0.05), but not in the premenopausal patients (P > 0.05); there was a relationship between aromatase and co-expression of MMP2/MMP9 in the patients with ER and/or PR positive (P < 0.05), but not in the patients with ER and PR negative (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the breast cancer in situ estrogen produced by tumor aromatase may promote the cancer cells proliferation and invasiveness and maybe through ER pathway especially in the postmenopausal patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aromatase ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDPancreatic cancer is one of the most common tumors and has a 5-year survival for all stages of less than 5%. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore are not candidates for surgical resection. In recent years, investigation into alternative treatment strategies for this aggressive disease has led to advances in the field of gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase/6-methylpurine deoxyribose (ePNP/MePdR) is a suicide gene/prodrug system where PNP enzyme cleaves nontoxic MePdR into cytotoxic membrane-permeable compounds 6-methylpurine (MeP) with high bystander activity. hTERT is expressed in cell lines and tissues for telomerase activity. In this study we examined the efficacy of ePNP under the control of hTERT promoter sequences and assessed the selective killing effects of the ePNP/prodrug MePdR system on pancreatic tumors.

METHODSRecombinant pET-PNP was established. The protein of E. coli PNPase was expressed and an antibody to E. coli PNPase was prepared. Transcriptional activities of hTERT promoter sequences were analyzed using a luciferase reporter gene. A recombinant phTERT-ePNP vector was constructed. The ePNP/MePdR system affects SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro.

RESULTSThe hTERT promoter had high transcriptional activity and conferred specificity on cancer cell lines. The antibody to E. coli PNPase was demonstrated to be specific for the ePNP protein. The MePdR treatment induced a high in vitro cytotoxicity on the sole hTERT-ePNP-producing cell lines and affected SW1990 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONSThe hTERT promoter control of the ePNP/MePdR system can provide a beneficial anti-tumor treatment in pancreatic cancer cell lines including a good bystander killing effect.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Purine Nucleosides ; therapeutic use ; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a lethal transplantation-associated complication which exactly likes acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the clinical manifestation. 373 consecutive patients with hematological diseases received family HLA matched or mismatched HCT from May, 2002 to July, 2004. To analyse the clinical and pathological characteristics of TMA, 30 patients who suffered from severe diarrhea and received colonoscopic examination and gut biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. The results indicated that 7 patients originally diagnosed as gut GVHD showed the pathological evidence of enteric TMA. The incidence of TMA was 7 out of 30 specimen (23.3%). Pathological evidence of enteric TMA shown microvascular disorder characterized by thrombus in the capillary without infiltration of lymphocytes and perivascular hemorrhages in the mucosa, swelling and focal denudation of epithelial cells. All patients with TMA were associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia/disease. Among these patients, 4 cases, who only showed TMA without the evidence of gut GVHD pathologically, displayed treatment-resistant bloody diarrhea, renal failure, veno-occlusive disease, hemorrhagic cystitis, hemolytic anemia as well as thrombocytopenia. But the other 3 cases, with co-existence of both TMA and GVHD pathological characteristics had better treatment response. Survival analysis indicated that 3 patients with TMA-GVHD survived for 461 to 536 days but three out of four TMA patients died from VOD with liver failure as well as multiple organ failure during 101 to 254 days after HCT. In conclusion, to better diagnose those patients with severe and refractory diarrhea following HCT, pathological examination may indicate crux evidence to identify intestinal TMA from gut GVHD. Furthermore, this primary report has first evidenced that TMA and TMA-GVHD are two pathologically well-recognized subtypes with the difference between the pathological characteristics, treatment response and clinical outcomes.
Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Reference Standards ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of the combined method of abdominal axial flap transposition and penile elongation for the treatment of the remnant penis.

METHODSFifty-two cases of the remnant penis treated with the combined method from 1984 April to February 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 20 years postoperatively.

RESULTSThe lengths (both in normal and erectile conditions) and the circumferences of the penis gained after operation were (5.6 +/- 1.4) cm, (6.8 +/- 2.5 cm and (6.9 +/- 2.3) cm respectively. The recovery rates of the sensory function were 94.2% and 100% in the glans (immediately and 3 months after operation) and 32.7%, 51.9% and 75% in the flap area (3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively). The two-point distinguishing sense in the glans and the flap area was (5.1 +/- 0.9) mm and(7.9 +/- 1.3) mm 5 years after operation. Early complications included distant flap necrosis (3 cases), disruption of the wound (2 cases), part necrosis of the skin graft in the abdominal wall (2 cases) and poor contours occurred in 4 cases in the later period because of the thickness of the flaps. All of them were corrected with satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONThe combined method of abdominal axial flap transposition and penile elongation was recommendable for the treatment of the remnant penis because of its positive effects and less complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; injuries ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and features of treating early-to-middle stage nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (NONFH) patients by Jianpi Huogu Recipe (JHR).

METHODSUsing retrospective paired control method, early-to-middle stage NONFH patients treated by JHR and followed-up for 2 years were recruited as the test group (47 cases). Those accepted surgery of core decompression, focus debridement and bone graft were recruited as the control group (48 cases). Radiographic images and clinical data of patients were collected before and after treatment. The stable rate and excellent rate of Harris score were taken as efficacy evaluation indicators.

RESULTS(1) There was no statistical difference in excellent rate of Harris score between the two groups (95.74% vs. 79.17%, P > 0.05). But better effects were obtained in the test group in relieving pain, improving joint deformation, joint mobility, and total Harris score (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the stable rate of radiography between the two groups (74.47% vs. 75.00%, P > 0.05). (2) There was no statistical difference in the stable rate of radiography at phase II and Ill [staging by Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO)] between the two groups (82.05% vs. 80.00%, 37.50% vs. 50.00%, P > 0.05). (3) The stable rate of radiography and excellent rate of Harris score were obviously higher in ARCO phase II patients than in ARCO phase Il patients (82.05% vs. 37.50%,97.44% vs. 87.50%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEquivalent stable rate of radiography to that of surgery could be obtained in treating early-to-middle stage NONFH patients by JHR. But it was better than surgery in relieving pain, improving joint deformation and joint mobility.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult