BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a high mortality. This study was undertaken to detect the factors associated with the prognosis of AKI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 98 patients with AKI treated from March 2008 to August 2009 at this hospital. In these patients, 60 were male and 38 female. Their age ranged from 19 to 89 years (mean 52.4±16.1 years). The excluded patients were those who died within 24 hours after admission to ICU or those who had a history of chronic kidney disease or incomplete data. After 60 days of treatment, the patients were divided into a survival group and a death group. Clinical data including gender, age, history of chronic diseases, the worst laboratory values within 24 hours after diagnosis (values of routine blood tests, blood gas analysis, liver and renal function, levels of serum cystatin C, and blood electrolytes) were analyzed. Acute physiology, chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores and 60-day mortality were calculated. Univariate analysis was performed to find variables relevant to prognosis, odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI). Multiple-factor analysis with logistic regression analysis was made to analyze the correlation between risk factors and mortality. RESULTS: The 60-day mortality was 34.7％ (34/98). The APACHE II score of the death group was higher than that of the survival group (17.4±4.3 vs. 14.2±4.8, P<0.05). The mortality of the patients with a high level of cystatin C>1.3 mg/L was higher than that of the patients with a low level of cystatin C (<1.3 mg/L) (50％ vs. 20％, P<0.05). The univariate analysis indicated that organ failures≥2, oliguria, APACHE II>15 scores, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L+APACHE II>15 scores were the risk factors of AKI. Logistic regression analysis, however, showed that organ failures≥2, oliguria, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L +APACHE II>15 scores were the independent risk factors of AKI. CONCLUSION: Cystatin C>1.3 mg/L+APACHE II>15 scores is useful in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AKI.

Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Dogs ; Female ; Isoflurane ; pharmacology ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lidocaine on LPS induced apoptosis of cultured adult rat alveolar Type II (AT-II) cells. METHODS: Cultured cells were exposed to LPS and lidocaine for 24 hours. Apoptosis and necrosis rates of cells were detected by flow cytometry and electron microscope. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by using LDH kits. RESULTS: LPS induced the AT-II cell injuries by increasing not only the necrosis and apoptosis rates but also the LDH release of cultured AT-II in vitro. Lidocaine decreased the necrosis and apoptosis rates of AT-II cells. CONCLUSION Lidocaine can directly inhibit the apoptosis and necrosis induced by LPS in cultured AT-II cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Lidocaine ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Necrosis ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intrathecal pumping tramadol on cell-mediated immunity in rats with formalin inflammatory pain. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley adult male rats weighting 250 approximately 300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 in each group):Saline group (NS) and 3 tramadol groups (T1,T2,and T3). The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (300 approximately 350)mg/kg. Microspinal catheter was inserted into the subarachnoid space at the lumber region according to modified Yaksh techniques. In the tramadol groups,after 5 days tramadol was continuously infused through the spinal catheter at 50 (T1),25 (T2), and 12.5 microg/h (T3) for 7 days. In the NS group normal saline was continuously infused instead of tramadol. On Day 7 formalin (5%, 50 microL) was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw. The number of flinches, lickings and total time of licking was recorded for 60 min.Pain intensity scoring(PIS)(0 approximately 3;0= no pain, 3=severe pain) was used to assess the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal tramadol. The rats were killed after the evaluation of pain intensity. Body weight and spleen weight were measured and spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) was calculated. T-lymphocyte function was evaluated based on Concanavalin-A(ConA) induced splenocyte proliferation. A modified lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay was done to assess the NK cell activity. Phenotypic expressions of cell surface markers of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, and CD4+/ CD8+) and NK cell(CD161+) in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The PIS scores were significantly lower in the T1,T2,and T3 groups than those in the NS group. The spleen index and splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA were significantly suppressed in the T1 group,and the phenotypes of T lymphocyte subsets were significantly changed,but no significant difference was found in the T2 and T3 groups compared with the NS group. There were no differences in NK cell activity in the 3 tramadol groups from the control group. CONCLUSION Intrathecal pumping tramadol has significantly antinociceptive effect. Intrathecal pumping higher dosage tramadol (50microg/h) suppresses T lymphocyte proliferation and alteres T lymphocyte subset phenotype but does not affect NK cell activity. General analgesic dosage tramadol (25 and 12.5 microg/h) has no effect on the immune function.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Formaldehyde ; Injections, Spinal ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Pain ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Pain Measurement ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Tramadol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

AIMTo study the effect of prothymosin alpha (Pro T alpha) as a fusion protein on secretion of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha in vitro.

METHODSThe in vitro study was carried out on the culture of splenocytes, splenic and peritoneal macrophages isolated from Balb/c mice. Splenocytes were incubated with various concentrations of Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-10) mol.L-1) with or without Con A (5 micrograms.mL-1) for 72 h. Splenic and peritoneal macrophages were respectively treated with Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-10) mol.L-1) in the presence of LPS (10 micrograms.mL-1) for 24 h. Then IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha levels in the supernatant were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSPro T alpha (1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1) was found to obviously increase IFN-gamma level (P < 0.05) in the supernatant of splenocytes compared with the control group. Moreover, Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1) significantly induced the secretion of IFN-alpha (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.01) in splenic and peritoneal macrophages.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro, Pro T alpha could increase the secretion of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase ; pharmacology ; Interferon-alpha ; secretion ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Lymphocytes ; secretion ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; secretion ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Protein Precursors ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Thymosin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the results of a consecutive series of 100 ALL patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in our center.

METHODSOf the 100 ALL patients, 69 were male and 31 female, with a median age of 29.5 (4 - 47) years. Sixty-nine cases were in the first complete remission (CR(1)), 13 in more than CR(1) and 18 in relapse before transplant. Allo-HSCT from HLA identical siblings was performed for 86 patients, of whom 64 received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and 22 peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). HLA matched unrelated BMT was performed for 8 patients, cord-blood transplantation from unrelated donor for 6 patients. Forty-five patients underwent allo-HSCT with conditioning regimen of Cy/TBI, 55 with BUCY. Prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) included long-term MTX regimen (4 cases) and CsA + MTX regimen (96 cases). The average follow-up was 38.1 months.

RESULTSThe 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the 100 cases of ALL was 53.4% and 50.5%. The 5-year OS and DFS were significantly longer for patients in CR(1) than in >CR(1) and relapse patients before allo-HSCT (P < 0.001). The outcome of PBSCT seemed superior to that of BMT, but there was no difference between them. Multivariate analysis showed the most significant factor associated with long post allo-HSCT survival was that the patient underwent transplantation in CR(1). There was no significant difference in 5-year OS, DFS, cumulative incidences of relapse rate and treatment related mortality between the two cohorts prepared with TBI or BUCY.

CONCLUSIONSAllo-HSCT can cure a significant proportion of ALL patients, especially for those in CR(1). There was no significant difference in OS, DFS between the two different conditioning regimens and the different transplant choices.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; mortality ; therapy ; Recurrence ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To evaluate the irnmunogenicity, safety and stability of the manufacture process regarding three consecutive lots of influenza split vaccines (Anflu ). Methods A double-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in healthy volunteers. A total of 566 subjects aged 18 to 60 years were recruited and stratified into four age groups before randomly assigned into four groups. Each group would receive one dose of influenza vaccine from either one of the three lots ofAnflu or one lot of the licensed control vaccine. Each dose of the vaccines contained 15 μg of each of the H1N1, H3N2 and B type antigen. Safety was assessed through 30-minute observation for immediate allergic reaction and three-day observation after vaccination. HI antibody titers were determined before vaccination and on day 21, after vaccination. Results Mild adverse reaction was reported and the overall incidence rates on fever of the four groups were from 1.4% to 2.8% but no significant difference was observed between groups. Seroconversion rates of the three viral strains in four groups were 80.3% and above with fold increase as≥11.1 and protection rate was≥93.4%. For the three lots of investigated vaccines, all of the indexes of the three viral strains in four groups exceeded the standards on EMEA and FDA for influenza vaccine. Conclusion The three consecutive lots of Anflu appeared to be good, with both consistent immunogenieity and safety, indicating the stability of manufacture process.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the condition of subclinical cardiac damage in children with primary hypertension and the association between serum uric acid and subclinical cardiac damage. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 55 children who were hospitalized and diagnosed with primary hypertension in the Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to June 2020. Forty-five healthy children, matched for age and sex, were enrolled as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, laboratory examination, and parameters for left ventricular structure, systolic function, and diastolic function. The correlation of serum uric acid with the parameters for left ventricular structure, systolic function, and diastolic function in children with primary hypertension was analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the hypertension group had significantly higher left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness (RWT) ( CONCLUSIONS Children with primary hypertension may have subclinical cardiac damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, and proximal aortic dilation. Elevated serum uric acid is significantly associated with cardiac damage in children with primary hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uric Acid

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence, pathogens, and clinical features of infection in consecutive cases from 2010 to 2012 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

METHODThe incidence, pathogen, treatment, and outcomes of patients with hematological diseases who had positive findings of bacterium in their samples from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 449 positive samples (5.8%) from 4 890 patients during this period, among which 388 were proved to be with pathogenic bacteria. Samples separated from patients with community-aquired infections accounted for 8.4% of all positive samples. Most community-aquired infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria (75%), although no multidrug-resistant bacteria was observed. Samples separated from patients with nosocomial infections accounted for 91.6% of all positive samples. Respiratory tract (49.4%) and peripheral blood (32.6%) were the most common samples with positive results. Skin soft tissues (10.4%), and urine (3.7%) were less common samples. Most of the pathogenic bacteria of the nosocomial infections were Gram-negative (66.9%). The most common Gram-negative bacteria included Escherichia coli (13.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (12.1%), while Staphylococcus aureus (10.4%), Enterococcus faecium (7.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.1%) were the most common Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria consisted of most of sputum samples and peripheral blood samples. Samples from the surface of skin wound and anal swab were composed largely by Gram-positive bacteria (63.8%). The detection rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumonia/Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis were 24.0%, 87.9% and 38.4%, respectively. The resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii was serious. Multidrug-resistant, extensive drug resistant and pan drug resistant A. baumannii acountted for 74% of all A. Baumannii infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed low resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, levofloxacin and minocycline. Also, 22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 9 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis were detected, which were only sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. All patients were treated in the haematology wards and most of them were under agranulocytosis or immunosuppression. Finally, 22 patients reached clinical recovery through anti-infective therapy, whereas 49 patients died. Among those deaths, 42 patients attributed to severe infections and infection-associated complications. Fourteen of all the deaths might be infected with drug-resistance bacteria. There were 61 samples proved to be bacteria colonization. Nonfermenters such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia made up for a large amount of bacteria colonization.

CONCLUSIONSThe pathogens of nosocomial infections in the hematology ward are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. The incidences and pathogens vary from different infection sites. Nosocomial infection still has a higher mortality rate. Once nonfermenters are detected positive, the pathogenic or colonial bacteria should be distinguished.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; complications ; microbiology ; Hematology ; Hospital Departments ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult