Aneurysm, Dissecting ; genetics ; Aortic Aneurysm ; genetics ; Diseases in Twins ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; immunology

Objective To explore the related diseases,main causes and clinical features of children with basal ganglia calcification(BGC).Methods Thirty cases with BGC detected by CT were studied retorspectively,and its clinical symptoms and image were summarized.Results Many factors and diseases were related to BGC,such as hypothyroidism,intrauterine infection,intrauterine hypoxia,epilepsy,posttraumatic cerebral lacunar infarction.Main clinical manifestations of BGC in children were twich,mental retardation,disorders of limb movements etc.The CT scan showed localized punctuate calcification in basal ganglia.Conclusions The main causes of BGC in children are hypothyroidism,intrauterine infection and intrauterine hypoxia,and the clinical manifestations are diverse.For children with CT-detected BGC should diagnose its causes;and for unknown causes cases should strengthen follow-up.

OBJECTIVETo study the nerve electromyogram results by analysing the pathological characters of 4 cases diagnosed as peripheral neuropathy caused by n-hexane and arsenic.

METHODSThe nerve electromyogram examination and pathology data of 4 patients, who had been diagnosed as toxic chemicals peripheral neuropathy, were studied retrospectively.

RESULTSTwo patients in this group were exposed to n-hexane, their nerve electromyogram examinations and biopsy pathology of superficial peroneal nerve indicated the peripheral neuropathy was mainly manifests the lesion of medullary sheath. Another two patients were exposed to arsenic, their nerve electromyogram examinations showed axonal degeneration associated with demyelination, and their biopsy pathology showed the peripheral neuropathy was mainly axonal degeneration.

CONCLUSIONAxonal degeneration and demyelination always coexist in peripheral neuropathy caused by chemicals.

Arsenic Poisoning ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hexanes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

The growth curve of single cell organisms in batch cultivation could divide into 6 phases, lag phase, acceleration phase, log phase, deceleration phase, stationary phase, and death phase, based on specific growth rate during cultivation process. There were significantly differences between deceleration phase and the other phases in cell growth, substrate consumption, product formation, and genes express profile. The deceleration phase was highly important to fermentation process. However, cognizing and teaching to the deceleration phase had been considerably weakened since a long period. So it should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the effects of different moisturizing methods on the cleaning of uterine suction tube.Methods A total of 240 uterine suctions tubes after used were randomly divided into multi-enzyme group and alkaline group,and two groups were respectively used multi-enzyme cleaning solution and alkaline cleaning liquid to moisturized.Cleaning effect of uterine suction tubes in fourth,tenth and twenty-fourth hour were detected by occult blood test.Results The visual qualified rate of cleaning in two groups after moisturized four hours was 100％ respectively,and there was no difference in total and part positive rate between multienzyme group and alkaline group( P ＞ 0.05 ).After moisturized ten hours,the visual qualified rate of cleaning in alkaline group was 98.3％ significantly better than 94.2％ in multi-enzyme group,the positive rate of suction tube surface,tip,tail was,respectively,5.8％,11.7％,10.8％ in alkaline group significantly lower than 15.8％,44.2％,23.3 ％ in multi-enzyme group( x2 =6.211,31.493,6.618,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ).Twenty-four hours later,the visual qualified rate of cleaning in alkaline group was 99.2％ significantly better than 93.3％ in multi-enzyme group,the positive rate of suction tube surface,tip,tail was,respectively,5.8％,12.5％,10.8％ in alkaline group significantly lower than 16.7％,45.8％,26.7％ in multi-enzyme group( x2 =50.909,7.053,32.269,8.886,respectively;P＜0.05).Conclusions The two cleaning fluids both are ideal cleaning solution,and alkaline cleaning solution is the best choice for uterine tube cleaning for more than 24 hours moisturizing effects and lower cost.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction.

METHODSTwenty-one Wistar rats were divided into MSCs-iv group (MSCs-iv), ultrasound+MSCs-iv group (US+MSCs-iv), ultrasound+microbubble+MSCs-iv group (US+MB+MSCs-iv) with intravenous MSC transfer, ultrasound and microbubble treatment as indicated. The skeletal muscles were obtained from the rats for microscopic examination with HE staining. The hindlimb gracilis and semimembranosus muscles were sampled 7 days after MSC transplantation, and the transplanted MSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The vital organs were collected from rats in US+MB+MSCs-iv group for immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn US+MB+MSCs-iv group, HE staining demonstrated the presence of red blood cell leakage into the tissue space in the gracilis and semimembranosus muscles, and immunohistochemistry identified large numbers of transplanted MSCs in the the gracilis and semimembranosus muscles and the spleen, whereas no labeled cells were detected in the skeletal muscles in other groups.

CONCLUSIONUltrasound-targeted microbubble destruction provides a useful means for enhancing the efficiency of stem cell transplantation.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Movement ; radiation effects ; Female ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Microbubbles ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Ultrasonics

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intrathecal pumping tramadol on cell-mediated immunity in rats with formalin inflammatory pain. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley adult male rats weighting 250 approximately 300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 in each group):Saline group (NS) and 3 tramadol groups (T1,T2,and T3). The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (300 approximately 350)mg/kg. Microspinal catheter was inserted into the subarachnoid space at the lumber region according to modified Yaksh techniques. In the tramadol groups,after 5 days tramadol was continuously infused through the spinal catheter at 50 (T1),25 (T2), and 12.5 microg/h (T3) for 7 days. In the NS group normal saline was continuously infused instead of tramadol. On Day 7 formalin (5%, 50 microL) was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw. The number of flinches, lickings and total time of licking was recorded for 60 min.Pain intensity scoring(PIS)(0 approximately 3;0= no pain, 3=severe pain) was used to assess the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal tramadol. The rats were killed after the evaluation of pain intensity. Body weight and spleen weight were measured and spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) was calculated. T-lymphocyte function was evaluated based on Concanavalin-A(ConA) induced splenocyte proliferation. A modified lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay was done to assess the NK cell activity. Phenotypic expressions of cell surface markers of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, and CD4+/ CD8+) and NK cell(CD161+) in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The PIS scores were significantly lower in the T1,T2,and T3 groups than those in the NS group. The spleen index and splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA were significantly suppressed in the T1 group,and the phenotypes of T lymphocyte subsets were significantly changed,but no significant difference was found in the T2 and T3 groups compared with the NS group. There were no differences in NK cell activity in the 3 tramadol groups from the control group. CONCLUSION Intrathecal pumping tramadol has significantly antinociceptive effect. Intrathecal pumping higher dosage tramadol (50microg/h) suppresses T lymphocyte proliferation and alteres T lymphocyte subset phenotype but does not affect NK cell activity. General analgesic dosage tramadol (25 and 12.5 microg/h) has no effect on the immune function.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Formaldehyde ; Injections, Spinal ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Pain ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Pain Measurement ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Tramadol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare changes of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in different rat models of Gan stagnation (GS), Pi deficiency (PD), Gan stagnation Pi deficiency (GSPD) syndromes, and to observe interventional effect of Chaishu Sijun Decoction (CSD, capable of soothing Gan-qi invigorating Pi) on them.

METHODSSeventy Wistar rats were divided into the normal control group (group 1), the GS group (group 2), the PD group (group 3), the GSPD group (group 4), the GS intervention group (group 5), the PD intervention group (group 6), and the GSPD intervention group (group 7) according to random digit table, 10 in each group. Rats in group 1 received no treatment. Rats in group 2 and 5 were modeled by chronic restraint method. Rats in group 3 and 6 were modeled by excess fatigue plus alimentary abstinence method. Rats in group 4 and 7 were modeled by chronic restraint, excess fatigue, and alimentary abstinence method. At the 2nd weekend of modeling, CSD at 2.86 g/kg was fed to rats in group 5, 6, and 7 by gastrogavage for 2 successive weeks. Equal volume of distilled water was given to rats in the rest 4 groups. On the 29th day, rats were killed, adrenal weight weighed, and adrenal index calculated. Levels of plasma and hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), plasma and pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and plasma corticosterone (CORT) were determined using radioimmunity.

RESULTSCompared with group 1, adrenal index significantly decreased in group 2, 3, and 4 (P < 0.05). Of them, plasma and hypothalamus CRH, plasma CORT increased significantly in group 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Besides, plasma and pituitary ACTH increased in group 4 (P < 0.05). Plasma and pituitary ACTH, as well as plasma CORT decreased significantly in group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, 3, and 4, adrenal index increased significantly in group 5, 6, and 7 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, plasma CORT, hypothalamus CRH, and pituitary ACTH decreased significantly in group 5 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 3, plasma ACTH and CORT increased significantly in group 6 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 4, plasma CRH, ACTH, CORT, hypothalamus CRH, and pituitary ACTH decreased in group 7 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe function of HPA .axis was damaged to varying degrees in rats of the three models in this experiment. Hyperactivity of HPA axis existed in GS syndrome and GSPD syndrome. Impairment of feedback regulation in hypothalamus and pituitary was accompanied in GSPD syndrome. Hypofunction of HPA axis existed in PDS. CSD, capable of soothing Gan-qi invigorating'Pi, showed improvement on disarranged HPAA, but with optimal effect on GSPD syndrome. CSD had higher correlation with GSPD syndrome.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; metabolism ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Pituitary Gland ; metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar