In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Chinese medicinal materials serve as the material foundation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） culture. The sustainable development of Chinese medicinal material resources is a focal point in the modernization of TCM. With the increasing scarcity of Chinese medicinal material resources， the expansion of new Chinese medicinal material resources has become a crucial means for the sustainable utilization of these resources. New Chinese medicinal material resources refer to natural resources that have been newly discovered or developed， possessing potential medicinal value or healthcare functions， which fall outside the traditional application scope of herbal medicines. These resources have not yet been widely recognized or applied within the framework of traditional TCM theory. They specifically include artificial substitutes for endangered medicinal materials， new medicinal parts of medicinal plants， medicinal materials with expanded clinical applications， and foreign medicinal resources. The rational compatability and formulation of new Chinese medicinal material resources are essential pathways for integrating them into the TCM system. Due to the weak foundational research on new Chinese medicinal material resources in China， the characteristics of these resources that align with the TCM theory are not yet fully understood， posing numerous constraints on formulating prescriptions based on the traditional compatibility principles of TCM. This paper integrates the traditional formulation theory of TCM with modern data integration methods， proposing four formulation models for new TCM resources： synergistic compatibility， substitutive compatibility， symptom-based compatibility， and efficacy semantic compatibility. These models provide new insights for the application of new Chinese medicinal material resources， not only facilitating their rational use in clinical practice but also offering theoretical support for the development and compatibility research of these resources.

Chinese medicinal materials serve as the material foundation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） culture. The sustainable development of Chinese medicinal material resources is a focal point in the modernization of TCM. With the increasing scarcity of Chinese medicinal material resources， the expansion of new Chinese medicinal material resources has become a crucial means for the sustainable utilization of these resources. New Chinese medicinal material resources refer to natural resources that have been newly discovered or developed， possessing potential medicinal value or healthcare functions， which fall outside the traditional application scope of herbal medicines. These resources have not yet been widely recognized or applied within the framework of traditional TCM theory. They specifically include artificial substitutes for endangered medicinal materials， new medicinal parts of medicinal plants， medicinal materials with expanded clinical applications， and foreign medicinal resources. The rational compatability and formulation of new Chinese medicinal material resources are essential pathways for integrating them into the TCM system. Due to the weak foundational research on new Chinese medicinal material resources in China， the characteristics of these resources that align with the TCM theory are not yet fully understood， posing numerous constraints on formulating prescriptions based on the traditional compatibility principles of TCM. This paper integrates the traditional formulation theory of TCM with modern data integration methods， proposing four formulation models for new TCM resources： synergistic compatibility， substitutive compatibility， symptom-based compatibility， and efficacy semantic compatibility. These models provide new insights for the application of new Chinese medicinal material resources， not only facilitating their rational use in clinical practice but also offering theoretical support for the development and compatibility research of these resources.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) and semen parameters. Methods： The semen samples of 820 male patients who were treated in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Taiyuan Central Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The levels of AT1-AA and Ang Ⅱ of semen were detected by ELISA, and the function of AT1-AA was detected by cardiomyocyte beating assay in suckling rats. The patients were divided into low group, median group and high group according to the OD values of AT1-AA. The differences in general data and semen parameters between different groups were analyzed. And the correlation between AT1-AA level and semen parameters in semen of all study subjects was analyzed by the method of Spearman analysis. And the relationships between AT1-AA OD value, Ang Ⅱ level and semen parameters in the AT1-AA high value group were analyzed as well. RESULTS: AT1-AA was present in semen with good function. There was no significant difference in the general data of patients in different AT1-AA levels (P>0.05). In the comparison of semen parameters among the groups with different levels of AT1-AA, there were differences in sperm concentration, PR concentration, NP％, and ALH among the three groups (P<0.05). And AT1-AA OD value was positively correlated with total sperm count, sperm concentration, PR concentration, and NP％, and negatively correlated with semen volume (P<0.05). In the AT1-AA high value group, the OD value of AT1-AA in semen was negatively correlated with inactive sperm, and positively correlated with total motility (［PR+NP］％), curve rate, mean path rate, and ALH. However, there was no correlation between the level of Ang Ⅱ in semen and semen parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of AT1-AA in semen may be associated with the promotion of sperm motility.
Male ; Humans ; Autoantibodies ; Sperm Motility ; Semen ; Retrospective Studies ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/immunology* ; Animals ; Rats ; Angiotensin II ; Adult ; Sperm Count ; Semen Analysis ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/immunology*

COMPERA 2.0 risk stratification has been demonstrated to be useful in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, its suitability for patients at risk for post-capillary PH or PH associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) is unclear. To investigate the use of COMPERA 2.0 in patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), who are at risk for post-capillary PH, a total of 327 eligible SAS patients undergoing TAVR at our institution between September 2015 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients were classified into four strata before and after TAVR using the COMPERA 2.0 risk score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. The study cohort had a median (interquartile range) age of 76 (70‒80) years and a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of 33 (27‒43) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) before TAVR. The overall mortality was 11.9% during 26 (15‒47) months of follow-up. Before TAVR, cumulative mortality was higher with an increase in the risk stratum level (log-rank, both P<0.001); each increase in the risk stratum level resulted in an increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) 2.53, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.54‒4.18, P<0.001), which was independent of age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, albumin, and valve type (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01‒3.07, P=0.047). Similar results were observed at 30 d after TAVR. COMPERA 2.0 can serve as a useful tool for risk stratification in patients with SAS undergoing TAVR, indicating its potential application in the management of PH-LHD. Further validation is needed in patients with confirmed post-capillary PH by right heart catheterization.
Humans ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications* ; Aged ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Aged, 80 and over ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Retrospective Studies

Large-scale gene expression profiling generates or integrates massive data of gene expression under drug induction and employs artificial intelligence algorithms for pattern matching and association analysis. This approach facilitates the identification of complex relationships and functional networks between drugs, genes, and diseases, thereby significantly advancing drug research. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with its characteristic multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms, poses challenges to conventional methodologies in the comprehensive elucidation of its biological effects. The drug discovery strategy that combines large-scale gene expression profiling with artificial intelligence offers distinct advantages since it does not need the prior knowledge of specific drug targets or mechanisms. This article comprehensively reviews the innovative applications of large-scale gene expression profiling in TCM research as well as the recent advancements in the development of these technologies, the optimization of pattern matching algorithms, and the construction of related databases. In summary, the integration of large-scale gene expression profiling with artificial intelligence provides a powerful hypothesis-generating tool for the modern application and theoretical innovation of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods* ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Algorithms ; Animals

Electronic tongue is one kind of bionic detection technologies, which can objectively reflect the taste of drugs based on electrochemical principle. In this paper, the development histories of electronic tongue both of potential type and voltammetry type were introduced, including their detection principles and key innovation technologies. In order to comprehensively improve the understanding of electronic tongue, its technological progresses, such as the study of dedicated sensors or biosensors for specific tastes, and the development of miniaturized or hybrid devices, were also discussed in detail. And the challenges and countermeasures in the application of electronic tongue were analyzed to provide some suggestions for its further technology promotion.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory effect of chidamide on CD8⁺ T cells in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: The expression levels of CXCL9 and CXCL3 mRNA in Jurkat cells, lymphocytes treated with chidamide and lymphocytes co-cultured with chidamide-treated Jurkat cells were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in lymphocytes treated with chidamide and lymphocytes co-cultured with chidamide-treated Jurkat cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Chidamide upregulated CXCL9 mRNA expression in Jurkat cell line in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.950). The mRNA expression of CXCL9 in chidamide 5 μmol/L group was 164 times higher than that in control group. Chidamide upregulated CXCL9 mRNA expression in lymphocytes, but the up-regulated level was significantly lower than that in Jurkat cell line treated with the same concentration of chidamide. Co-culture with chidamide treated Jurkat cells upregulated the proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chidamide may increase the concentration of CXCL9 in the tumor microenvironment by up-regulating the expression of CXCL9 in tumor cells, leading to an increase in the number of CD8⁺ T cells.
Humans ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Aminopyridines/pharmacology* ; Jurkat Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVE: To explore treatment strategy for complex Schatzker Ⅳ tibial plateau fracture. METHODS: Forty-one patients with complex Schatzker type Ⅳ tibial plateau fractures were treated from January 2016 to January 2021, including 28 males and 13 females, aged from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (35.3±19.8) years old. Individualized treatment plan was developed according to preoperative imaging characteristics, medial surgical approach was mainly combined with other auxiliary incisions. Posteromedial inverted L approach was used in 18 patients, posteromedial approach and anterolateral extended approach in 19 patients, and posteromedial approach with anterolateral and lateral condylar osteotomy in 4 patients. Articular surface and facture healing were observed, range of knee joint motion was measured at 12 months after opertaion, and function of knee joint was evaluated by Lysholm scoring system. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were followed up for 12 to 26 months with an average of (13.3±6.8) months. Twenty-nine patients and 10 patients were obtained complete fracture healing at 6 and 12 months after operation respectively, and fracture healing time was 4 to 13 months with an average of (5.0±3.7) months. Two patients occurred posterior medial internal fixation failure and varus deformity of knee joint, and the fracture healed and varus deformity was corrected after the second operation. Range of knee joint motion was (118±29) °, and Lysholm score was(83.0±16.0) points. CONCLUSION Individualized treatment should be reasonably selected for complex Schatzker Ⅳ tibial plateau fractures, the characteristics of lateral plateau fractures are an important reference for selecting surgical approaches, the effective fixation of posteromedial bone blocks should be pay full attention, and the overall treatment results are satisfied.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Tibial Plateau Fractures ; Bone Plates ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Retrospective Studies

To date, there is little information about the demography of vasectomy reversal (VR) patients or the factors currently influencing VR effectiveness in China, especially after the universal two-child policy was released in 2015. In this research, demographic data and perioperative medical records of VR patients were extracted from seven major hospitals in different provinces or municipalities of China. Meanwhile, a telephone survey of the patients was conducted to collect follow-up information. Eventually, 448 VR cases from the past 13 years were included. The results were analyzed by stratified comparison to investigate factors that can influence postoperative vas deferens patency and pregnancy rate. Appropriately statistical methods were used, and all of the protocols were approved by the Ethics Committees of the institutes in this research. The results showed that the annual operation volume of VR quadrupled after the two-child policy was implemented. Nonmicrosurgery and a long duration of vasectomy were significantly associated with a lower patency rate. A follow-up survey showed that the general postoperative pregnancy rate was 27.2%. For female partners over the age of 35 years, the postoperative pregnancy rate showed a more severe decline, but only 35.5% of them had been given a fertility examination before their husbands' VR surgery. Our work revealed that more patients in China have been demanding VR in recent years. High-quality microsurgery and a short duration of vasectomy are crucial for restoring patency by VR. Clinical andrologists should perform a preoperative fertility evaluation of the patients' female partners.
Male ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Vasovasostomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vas Deferens/surgery* ; Vasectomy ; China/epidemiology*