To evaluate the significance of FCM in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, the immunophenotyping and leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) of leukemia cells from 273 adult and 142 childhood patients with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were detected by four to six antibody combinations of 4-color CD45/SSC gating multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that the B-ALL patients could be classified into 4 subtypes based on different expression CD34 and CD10: subtype I (CD34(+)/CD10(-)), subtype II (CD34(+)/CD10(+)), subtype III (CD34(-)/CD10(+)), subtype IV (CD34(-)/CD10(-)). The LAIP was observed in 100% and 92% patients of subtype I and subtype II, respectively, whereas only 79.2% in subtype III. The incidence of LAIP in total B-ALL cases was 90% by using the antibodies detected in this investigation. There was no significantce different for incidence of LAIP between adult and pediatric patients. LAIP was observed in 77.6% of patients by labeling only CD34/CD10/CD19/CD45 4-color antibody combination. It is concluded that in 90% of childhood and adult B-ALL patients LAIP can be found, which suits MRD detection by multiparameter flow cytometry.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Lineage ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Neprilysin ; analysis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo compare the leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) in patients with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at diagnosis and relapse, and investigate its implications for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection.

METHODSThe immunophenotype of leukemia cells from 410 newly diagnosed and 6 relapsed patients with B-ALL were detected by four to six antibody combination, mainly CD34/CD10/CD45/CD19 of 4-color CD45/SSC gating flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe proportion of CD45 under-expressed or negative in relapsed patients was much higher than that in newly diagnosed patients, being 69.2% and 37.8% respectively. Immunophenotypic changes occurred in 9 relapsed patients (including 8 hematological relapse and 1 central nerves system relapse) when analyzed by paired samples analysis at diagnosis vs at relapse: 4 cases showed CD45 down-modulation and 2 up-modulation; 4 CD34 down-modulation and 2 CD10 up-modulation, while the expression of CD19 remained no change. MRD was observed in all 7 cases of hematological relapse 2 - 4 months before relapse, and the immunophenotype of MRD cells was the same as that in relapse.

CONCLUSIONA high frequency of immunophenotypic changes occurred at relapse and even in MRD before relapse, however the accuracy of MRD monitoring seemed not affected by the FCM strategy used in this investigation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD19 ; immunology ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Neprilysin ; immunology ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Recurrence ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical significance for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection by 4 color flow cytometry in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

METHODSMRD was analyzed and followed up by using two panels of 4 color antibodies, mainly CD34/CD10/CD45/CD19, in 671 consecutive bone marrow specimens and 1 cerebrospinal fluid from 98 B-ALL patients. In 26 cases of them the immunophenotyping informations at diagnosis were not available.

RESULTSOf 671 bone marrow samples, 579 were MRD negative with leukemic cells below 0.0001 and 93 were MRD positive with leukemic cells over 0.0001. Of 93 MRD positive samples, leukemic cells below 0.05 were found in 64 bone marrow samples, meanwhile in the other 29 samples leukemic cells were over 0.05. Twenty patients relapsed, 19 were bone marrow relapse and one center nerves system. Fifteen of them were found MRD positive 7 - 17 weeks before relapse including 6 patients having no immunophenotyping data at diagnosis. The percentages of leukemia cells in these 15 patients were all over 0.0001. Two relapsed patients were MRD negative in 3 and 9 months before relapse, respectively. Two relapsed after MRD monitoring stopped. If MRD level was > 0.0001 at the end of induction chemotherapy and 12 weeks of treatment, the rate of relapse was 50% (6/12), while, it was 7.5% (3/40) in MRD negative patients (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONRelapses can be predicted by MRD monitoring, if MRD was positive in the early phase of treatment, the risk of relapse was higher. Based on the characteristics of B cells ontogeny, MRD detection can be done independently of immunophenotypic information at diagnosis.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD19 ; immunology ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Neprilysin ; immunology ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the immunophenotypic characteristics of CD7 and/or CD56 positive acute myeloid leukemic stem cells, and the relationship between minimal residual disease (MRD) and the leukemic stem cells (LSC).

METHODSThe immunophenotype of leukemia cells from 51 CD34+ CD38+ CD7+ and/or CD34+ CD38+ CD56+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (exclude M3) at diagnosis was analyzed by using 4 - 6 panels of 4 color antibodies, and cells from 28 normal bone marrow (NBM) samples were served as control. The expression of CD7 and CD56 in the CD34+ CD38+ subpopulation was used as a leukemic cell marker for monitoring MRD of 53 samples from 26 CD7+ and (or) CD56+ patients.

RESULTSIn CD7+ and/or CD56+ AML patients at diagnosis, the average positivity of CD7 in CD34+ CD38+ subpopulation and CD34+ CD38- Lin- stem cells subpopulation was (77.39 +/- 20.71)% and (44.57 +/- 22.70)%, and that of CD56 was (56.71 +/- 32.56)% and (33.51 +/- 29.64)%, respectively, all significantly higher than that of NBM (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Compared with that of NBM, the expression of CD90 in AML patients was significantly lower in the CD34+ CD38- Lin- subpopulation (P < 0.01), the expression of CD123 was significantly higher than NBM (P < 0.01), and the expression of CD117 was no significant difference (P > 0.05). In follow up of CD7+ and (or) CD56+ patients, the expression rate of CD7 and (or) CD56 in the CD34+ CD38- Lin- subpopulation MRD+ group was significantly higher than that in the MRD- group. The actual rate for CD7 was 71% (15/21) and 16% (4/25) (P = 0.001), and its relative rate was 81% (17/ 21) and 24% (6/25) (P = 0.000), respectively. The actual rate of CD56 is 100% (4/4) and 12% (3/25) (P = 0.001), and its relative rate was 75% (3/4) and 20% (5/25) (P = 0.031), respectively. A high CD7+ CD34+ CD38- Lin- subpopulation frequency at diagnosis in CD7+ AML patients predicted a high frequency of positive MRD in later detection (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCD7 and CD56 are expressed on the stem cells in CD7+ and/or CD56+ AMLs and a high frequency of CD7 and CD56 in the CD34+ CD38- Lin- stem cell subpopulation predicts a high frequency of positive MRD in later detection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD7 ; genetics ; CD56 Antigen ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult

Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ; Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging*

To investigate the cause of death of a pregnant woman with undefined pneumonia reported from the People's Hospital of Tongling City in Anhui Province on November 8, 2005, the patient's tracheal aspirates and serum samples were collected and tested by RT-PCR and Real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of HA of A/H5N1, A/H7N7, A/H9N1 and A/M. Tracheal aspirates were inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs for cultivation and identification of virus. The HA gene of the virus was sequenced and analyzed. Serum samples were tested by HI assay to detect antibody of H5N1. The results showed that HA gene of A/H5N1 virus and A/M were positive in tracheal aspirates by both PCR tests. The serum sample collected on Nov. 9 was A/M gene positive by Real-time PCR. The analysis of HA gene of A/AnHui/1/2005 sequence showed that the receptor specificity and the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 were still avian influenza origin. The HI antibody of H5N1 was negative at 7th, 8th, 9th d of disease onset. This undefined pneumonia case was confirmed as the first pregnant woman case of avian influenza (H5N1) virus infection by etiology in the mainland of China.
Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; etiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; etiology ; virology ; Trachea ; virology

Cordyceps sinensis is a Chinese unique precious herbal material, its genuine producing areas covering Naqu, Changdu in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yushu in Qinghai province and other regions. In recent 10 years, C. sinensis resources is decreasing as a result of the blindly and excessively perennial dug. How to rationally protect, develop and utilize of the valuable resources of C. sinensis has been referred to an important field of research on C. sinensis. The ecological environment and climate change trend of Qinghai Tibet plateau happens prior to other regions, which means that the distribution and evolution of C. sinensis are more obvious and intense than those of the other populations. Based on RS (remote sensing)/GIS(geographic information system) technology, this paper utilized the relationship between the snowline elevation, the average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in harvest period (April and may) of C. sinensis and the actual production of C. sinensis to establish a weighted geometric mean model. The model's prediction accuracy can reach 82.16% at least in forecasting C. sinensis year yield in Naqu area in every early June. This study can provide basic datum and information for supporting the C. sinensis industry healthful, sustainable development.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety have been correlated with elevated risks for quality-of-life (QOL), adverse outcomes, and medical expenditure in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the relevant data are lacking for Chinese ACS populations, especially regarding different effects of major depression, anxiety, and comorbidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of depression and/or anxiety over 12 months and examine the effects of depression, anxiety, and comorbidity on QOL, adverse outcomes, and medical expenditure in Chinese patients with ACS. METHODS: For this prospective longitudinal study, a total of 647 patients with ACS were recruited from North China between January 2013 and June 2015. Among them, 531 patients (82.1%) completed 12-month follow-ups. Logistic regression model was utilized for analyzing the association of baseline major depression, anxiety, and comorbidity with 12-month all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, QOL, and health expenditure. RESULTS: During a follow-up period of 12 months, 7.3% experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and 35.8% cardiac re-hospitalization. Baseline comorbidity, rather than major depression/anxiety, strongly predicted poor 12-month QOL as measured by short-form health survey-12 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.52, P = 0.003). Regarding 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization, baseline anxiety (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.33-5.89, P < 0.01; OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.50-13.00, P < 0.01), major depression (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.02-6.15, P < 0.05; OR: 5.22, 95% CI: 1.42-17.57, P < 0.03), and comorbidity (OR: 6.33, 95% CI: 2.96-13.79, P < 0.0001, OR: 14.08, 95% CI: 4.99-41.66, P < 0.0001) were all independent predictors, and comorbidity had the highest predictive value. Number of re-hospitalization stay, admission frequency within 12 months and medical expenditure within 2 months were the highest in patients with ACS with comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Major depression and anxiety may predict 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization. However, comorbidity has the highest predictive value with greater medical expenditure and worse QOL in Chinese patients with ACS. And depression with comorbid anxiety may be a new target of mood status in patients with ACS.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; economics ; physiopathology ; Aged ; Anxiety ; physiopathology ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; economics ; physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life

Background:: Depression and anxiety have been correlated with elevated risks for quality-of-life (QOL), adverse outcomes, and medical expenditure in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the relevant data are lacking for Chinese ACS populations, especially regarding different effects of major depression, anxiety, and comorbidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of depression and/or anxiety over 12 months and examine the effects of depression, anxiety, and comorbidity on QOL, adverse outcomes, and medical expenditure in Chinese patients with ACS. Methods:: For this prospective longitudinal study, a total of 647 patients with ACS were recruited from North China between January 2013 and June 2015. Among them, 531 patients (82.1%) completed 12-month follow-ups. Logistic regression model was utilized for analyzing the association of baseline major depression, anxiety, and comorbidity with 12-month all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, QOL, and health expenditure. Results:: During a follow-up period of 12 months, 7.3% experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and 35.8% cardiac rehospitalization. Baseline comorbidity, rather than major depression/anxiety, strongly predicted poor 12-month QOL as measured by short-form health survey-12 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.52, P = 0.003). Regarding 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization, baseline anxiety (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.33–5.89, P < 0.01; OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.50–13.00, P < 0.01), major depression (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.02–6.15, P < 0.05; OR: 5.22, 95% CI: 1.42–17.57, P < 0.03), and comorbidity (OR: 6.33, 95% CI: 2.96–13.79, P < 0.0001, OR: 14.08, 95% CI: 4.99–41.66, P < 0.0001) were all independent predictors, and comorbidity had the highest predictive value. Number of re-hospitalization stay, admission frequency within 12 months and medical expenditure within 2 months were the highest in patients with ACS with comorbidity. Conclusions: Major depression and anxiety may predict 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization. However, comorbidity has the highest predictive value with greater medical expenditure and worse QOL in Chinese patients with ACS. And depression with comorbid anxiety may be a new target of mood status in patients with ACS.

italic>Shiraia bambusiccola is an important medicinal fungus in China. Hypocrellins with perylenequinone skeleton are main bioactive components of Shiraia bambusiccola, which are widely used in food, medicine, pesticide and other fields as natural photosensitizers. For example, "hypocrellin ointment" has already been used clinically. As a rare and vulnerable species, wild Shiraia bambusiccola resources are very limited. Due to the complex structure and chanllenge in chemical total synthesis of hypocrellins, it is urgent to find an effective strategy to rationally utilize its medicinal value while protecting the wild resources. In this study, a candidate gene cluster hpc was identified in Shiraia sp. cfcc 84681 based on careful bioinformatic analysis. A heterologous expression system for hpc gene cluster was successfully constructed and a mutant strain with high yield of hypocrellins was obtained, which mainly produced hypocrellin A and isohypocrellin A. The main ingredients in the mutant strain are consistent with that in the wild Shiraia bambusiccola. These results provide a new strategy to solve the shortage of wild Shiraia bambusiccola resources.