Objective To evaluate the influence of the polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2B6 (CYP2A6, CYP2B6) in plasma concen-tration /dose ratio ( C/D) of valproic acid.Methods DataBases inclu-ding PubMed, EMbase, China national knowledge internet, Weipu and Wanfang were searched for the study on the relationship of the polymor-phisms of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in C/D of valproic acid.Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.Results Five researches were collect-ed, in which the results showed that the C/D in CYP2A6*1/*1 carri-ers was higher than that in*1/*4 +*4/*4 carriers ( P<0.05 ) as well the C/D in CYP2 B6*1/*1 carriers was higher than that in*1/*6+*6/*6 carriers ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion The polymorphisms of CYP2A6*4 and CYP2B6*6 have clinical value in the prediction of blood concentration of valproic acid.

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of regenerating a whole menisci using poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) scaffolds loaded with meniscal cells in rabbits undergoing total meniscectomy, and to explore its protective effect on cartilage degeneration.

METHODSA solvent casting and particulate leaching technique was employed to fabricate biodegradable PHBV scaffolds into a meniscal shape. The proliferated meniscal cells were seeded onto the polymer scaffolds, transplanted into rabbit knee joints whose lateral menisci had been removed. Eight to 18 weeks after transplantation, the rege- nerated neomenisci were evaluated by gross and histological observations. Cartilage degeneration was assessed by Mankin score.

RESULTSEighteen weeks after transplantation, the implants formed neomenisci. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the neomenisci sections revealed regeneration of fibrocartilage. Type I collagen in the neomenisci was also proved similar to normal meniscal tissue by immunohistochemical analysis and Sirius scarlet trinitrophenol staining. Articular cartilage degeneration was observed 8 weeks after implantation. It was less severe as compared with that in total meniscectomy controls and no further degeneration was observed at 18 weeks. At that time, the regenerated neomenisci strongly resembled normal meniscal fibrocartilage in gross and histological appearance, and its mechanical property was also close to that of normal meniscus.

CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrates the feasibility of tissue-engineering a whole meniscal structure in total meniscectomy rabbit models using biodegradable PHBV scaffolds together with cultured allogeneic meniscal cells. Cartilage degeneration is decreased. But long-term in vivo investigations on the histological structure and cartilage degeneration of the neomenisci regenerated by this method are still necessary to determine the clinical potential of this tissue engineering avenue.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; Cells, Cultured ; Knee Joint ; Menisci, Tibial ; Polymers ; Regeneration ; Tissue Engineering

AIMTo test the stability of marine polysaccharide drug sulfated polyguluronic acid ester.

METHODSFour methods including high performance gel chromatography (HPGC), poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), UV scan of absorbance between 200 and 800 nm and gelatin nephelometry were established. Samples were tested in high temperature, high humidity, strong light and accelerated test conditions. The methods were used to test the changes of the parameters including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, absorbance between 200 and 800 nm, free sulfate, with which we could estimate the stability of sulfated polyguluronic acid ester could be estimated.

RESULTSThe four methods were suitable to test the stability of sulfated polyguluronic acid ester and the sample were stable in the conditions as before except in high temperature.

CONCLUSIONSulfated polyguluronic acid ester has good stability.

Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Temperature

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of SYT-1, a new compound of tetrahydroisoquino-line, on tumor cell proliferation and underlying mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect cell proliferation; clone formation experiment was used to detect cell clone formation ability; JC-1 probe was used to detect cell mitochondrial membrane potential; 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species; Annexin V-FITC/PI (fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium) counterstaining method was used to detect apoptosis; Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of related proteins. The experimental results show that SYT-1 has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of six human-derived cancer cells. Among them, the inhibitory effect on breast cancer MCF-7 cells is the strongest, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of SYT-1 of 48 h administration on MCF-7 cells is 5.87 μmol·L^-1, which is better than that of cisplatin (8.92 μmol·L^-1). Further studies have shown that SYT-1 can dose-dependently inhibit the monoclonal formation ability of MCF-7 cells, and can cause the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells to decrease and the level of reactive oxygen species to increase. In addition, SYT-1 can significantly inhibit the activation of PI3K-Akt (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) signaling pathway and induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The above research results show that, as a new type of tetrahydroisoquinoline compound, SYT-1 has the potential to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA)and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR)in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders and to analyze their relation with temporomandibular disorders(TMD).Methods Synovial fluid was obtained from 64 sides of 56 TMD patients and from 16 sides of 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers(control).The concentrations of uPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid were measured by ELISA.Forty-eight sides of TMD were divided into 3 groups:arthrosis,structure disorder and osteoarthrosis,each including 16 sides.Resuits The levels of uPA and uPAR were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of TMD patients than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the level of uPA and uPAR in osteoarthrosis group was significantly higher than that in arthrosis and structure disorder group(P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in expression of uPA and uPAR between arthrosis and structure disorder groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions uPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD.and the lever of uPA and uPAR in synovial fluid of TMD could be used as a biochemical markers to reflect pathological degree of TMD.

BACKGROUNDThe decrease of surfactant protein (SP) secreted by the alveolar type II cell is one of the important causes of limiting air of pulmonary emphysema. However, the SP-A gene and protein changes in this disease are rarely studied. This study was undertaken to investigate alterations in SP-A gene activity and protein, and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of emphysematous changes.

METHODSTwenty Wistar rats were divided randomly into a normal control group (n = 10) and a cigarette smoking (CS) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 10). Ultra-structural changes were observed under an electron microscope. The number of cells positive for SP-A was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression and protein level of SP-A in the lung tissues were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot separately. The protein level of SP-A in lavage fluid was determined by Western blot.

RESULTSThe number of cells positive for SP-A of the CS + LPS group (0.35 +/- 0.03) was lower than that of the blank control group (0.72 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05). The level of SP-A in the lung tissues of rats in the CS + LPS group (0.2765 +/- 0.0890) was lower than that in the blank control group (0.6875 +/- 0.1578, P < 0.05). The level of SP-A in the lavage fluid of rats in the CS + LPS group (0.8567 +/- 0.1458) was lower than that in the blank control group (1.3541 +/- 0.2475, P < 0.05). The lung tissues of rats in the CS + LPS group showed an approximate increase (0.4-fold) in SP-A mRNA levels relative to beta-actin mRNA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe changes of SP-A may be related to emphysematous changes in the lung. And cigarette smoke and LPS alter lung SP-A gene activity and protein homeostasis.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Emphysema ; metabolism ; pathology ; Homeostasis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of penile cavernous bodies elongation combined with fat flap for the treatment of micro-penis.

METHODSAnatomic study was performed to study the thickness of penile suspension ligaments and the relationship between the penile erection stability and the mobilization of cavernous bodies crus. The suspension ligaments were divided and cavernous bodies crus were partially mobilized, so as to release part of the cavernous bodies from inferior ramus of pubis. Then the penis was elongated sufficiently. Local fat flap was transposed to fill the front space of pubis to make sure the effective elongation of penis.

RESULTS205 cases of micro-penis were treated. The average length of the penis was 4.26 cm in the static state, 8.13 cm in erectile state before operation. After operation, it increased to 8.63 cm in the static state, 12.11 cm in erectile state.

CONCLUSIONSThe cavernous bodies can be elongated 1-2 cm more with the modified method, while the stability of penile erection is not affected.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of pulse high volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) in the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

METHODSTwenty-five patients with MODS received treatment with PHVHF.

RESULTSThe 25 patients showed significantly decreased BUN, Scr, and K(+) levels after the treatment (P<0.01), and PaO(2)/FiO(2) was improved in almost all the patients (P<0.05). The APACHEII scores were significantly improved (P<0.05) in these patients and 18 of them were cured and discharged. PHVHF therapy was associated with a survival rate of 72%.

CONCLUSIONSPHVHF can be effective for treatment of MODS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo reveal malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu.

METHODSCross-section survey and malocclusion rate calculation were performed.

RESULTSThere are 491 children with malocclusion from total 1 279 children; the rate of malocclusion is 38.38%. The most important malocclusion in primary dentition are over bite (III degrees), anterior cross bite, edge to edge bite, early loss of deciduous teeth, fused teeth.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu is a little bit light. Much work should be done to prevent or treat the malocclusion of primary dentition.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental Occlusion ; Fused Teeth ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; epidemiology ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture combined physical training and relearning on stroke patients.

METHODSA multi-center, randomized controlled trial design was adopted. A total of 364 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (184 cases) and the control group (180 cases). Patients in the experimental group received acupuncture combined with physical training and relearning, while those in the control group only received physical training and relearning. All received four weeks of treatment. Effects on Fugl-Meyer motor function, neurological impairment, activities of daily living difference were compared before treatment, after treatment, 2 and 5 months after follow-ups between the two groups.

RESULTSTotally 353 patients completed this trial, 179 in the experimental group and 174 in the control group. (1) compared with before treatment, brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scored obviously increased, and scores for neurological impairment obviously decreased in the two group. Besides, the increment of brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups; scores for neurological impairment was obviously lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The increment of FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 5 of follow-ups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) There was statistical difference in inter-group comparison of total Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores, or scores for neurological impairment (P < 0.01). The improvement of Fugl-Meyer motor functions grading and neurological impairment grading was obviously superior in the experimental group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups. The distribution of FIM grading was also better in the experimental group at month 5 of follow-ups (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSBoth acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning and physical training and relearning could effectively promote the rehabilitation of stroke patients, reduce their neurological impairment degrees, improve motor functions and independent capacities. Better long-term efficacy could be obtained by acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Research Design ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome