Adolescent ; Child ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Psychology, Child ; Students ; psychology

Objective To explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived social support (PSS)ability among middle school students in earthquake-stricken areas after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. Methods A total of 1966 students from three secondary schools of Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas were evaluated by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Results The overall incidence rate of PTSD was 78.3%, with severe PTSD as 24.38%. Significant differences on the incidence rates of PTSD were found among the students who were in different PSS levels (P<0.05) and significant negative correlation existed between the levels of severity on PTSD and PSS (γ=-0.226, P<0.05). Significant differences on PTSD incidence rates were found among those students who were from different families or out-family PSS levels (P=0.009, P<0.05). Significant negative correlation existed between the severity of PTSD and family or out-family PSS level (γ=-0.176, P<0.05, γ=-0.214, P<0.05). Conclusion Relationships between the incidence rate, severity of PTSD and PSS levels existed among the middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas, with higher PSS, lower incidence rate and lighter severity of PTSD. Psychological intervention for earthquake-stricken students should be carried out.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of CD44 gene silence on the drug resistance and biologic activity of human multidrug resistant leukemia cell line K562/A02. The oligonucleotides of CD44 gene were designed according to related data of GenBank, double-stranded DNA was produced by annealing, and was inserted into pGCsilencerU6/Neo/GFP vector. The resultant recombinant plasmid pGCsiRNA-CD44 was transfected into K562/A02 cell line. Expressions of CD44, mdr-1 and blc-2 mRNA were assayed by real time RT-PCR. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of doxorubicin (ADM) for K562/A02 cell line was determined by MTT method. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. The morphology of apoptotic cells was examined by Hochst 33258 staining. The results indicated that the siRNA eukaryotic plasmid directing at CD44 gene could effectively silence the CD44 gene of K562/A02 cells; as compared with control group, the CD44 expression in K562/A02 cells transfected with 4 pGCsiRNA-CD44 plasmids was obviously inhibited, while the inhibition of CD44 expression in cells transfected with siCD44-1 was strongest. After being transfected with pGCsiRNA-CD44, the expression of CD44 mRNA in K562/A02 cells reduced by 64.1% (p<0.05), at the same time the expression of mdr-1 and bcl-2 mRNA in pGCsiRNA-CD44-transfected K562/A02 cells reduced by 25.6% and 50.8% respectively. IC50 of K562/A02 cells after transfection decreased to (8.77+/-1.63) microg/ml and was obviously lower than that of control (17.97+/-1.61) microg/ml (p<0.01). After transfection for 48 hours, the ratio of K562/A02 cells in G0/G1 increased by 10.7%, and the cells displayed karyopyknosis, nuclear margination and apoptotic bodies. It is concluded that the siRNA plasmid specifically targeting CD44 gene can remarkably down-regulate the expression of CD44 gene, inhibit K562/A02 cell proliferation, induce its apoptosis and effectively reverse the multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Small Interfering

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of DNA methylation in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitor on transcription regulation of Ras associated domain family gene 1(RASSF1A) tumor suppressor gene and the molecular biological behaviors in U266 cells.

METHODSThe U266 cells were treated with different doses of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) and Valproate (VPA) each alone or in combination. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect CpG island methylation in RASSF1A promoter. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) was used to examine the expression of RASSF1A gene in U266 cells. MTT was used for cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe methylation of RASSF1A gene promoter was detected in U266 cells, while there was little RASSF1A gene expressing in the control group. The demethylation effect could be detected in the 5-Aza-CdR treated and combined treatment groups but no in the VPA group. The expression level of RASSF1A was induced by 5-Aza-CdR in a concentration-dependent manner while VPA had no such effect. The expression level of RASSF1A mRNA was increased significantly in the combined treatment group. Higher growth inhibition and apoptosis effects were found in 5-Aza-CdR and VPA combination group than that in 5-Aza-CdR or VPA alone group (P < 0.05). After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR or VPA alone for 72 h, more cells were arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase as conpared with control group (P < 0.05), and even more cells were so arrested in combined treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitor can synergistically induce demethylation of the RASSF1A gene, re-express RASSF1A gene silenced in U266 cells, inhibit the proliferation of U266 cells and induce cell apoptosis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; epidemiology ; Alcoholism ; complications ; pathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish human bronchial epithelial cell lines over expressing oncogene and to investigate its application in detection of carcinogen-induced cell transformation.

METHODSMediated by retrovirus infection, human telomerase catalytic subunit, hTERT was introduced into immortal human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and followed by introduction of the oncogenic allele H-Ras(V12), or c-Myc or empty vector, creating cell lines 16HBETR, 16HBETM and 16HBETV, respectively. Biological characteristics of these cell lines including morphology, proliferation, and chromosomal aberration were examined to access whether they were transformed. Soft agar experiment and nude mice subcutaneous injection were performed using pre-transformed 16HBE cells induced by known carcinogens, nickel sulfate (NiSO4) and 7, 8, -dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide benzo[a] pyrene (BPDE).

RESULTSWith detection of telomerase activity and Western blotting, the expression of target proteins was verified. Thus, the transgenic 16HBE cell lines were successfully established. Cells expressing oncogene H-Ras or c-Myc grew 30.3% or 10.4% faster than control cells. However, these cells failed to form colonies in soft agar or form tumor in nude mice. 16HBETR, 16HBETM cells obtained transformed phenotype at 5 wks, 11 wks, respectively after treatment with BPDE, which are 15 wks and 9 wks earlier than control cells 16HBETV (20 wks). Meanwhile, 16HBETR, 16HBETM cells obtained transformed phenotype at 11 wks, 14 wks, respectively after treatment with nickel sulfate, which are 21 wks and 18 wks earlier than control cells (32 wks).

CONCLUSIONWith the advantage of shorter latency, transgenic human cell transformation models could be used in potent carcinogen screening and applied to chemical-carcinogenesis mechanism study.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, myc ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude

The cluster brand is the embodiment of the core competitiveness of an industry. Developing and cultivating cluster brand of ecological agriculture of Dao-di herbs not only helps to optimize the value chain of the Chinese medicinal materials(CMMs) industry cluster, realize the value-added of the CMMs industry cluster, but also enhance the visibility and influence of the industrial cluster, enhance the core competitiveness of the industrial cluster. This has important practical significance for promoting the "orderly" "safe" and "effective" development of the Dao-di herbs. Based on the industry development status of CMMs, this article introduces several concepts related to cluster brands and their relationships, and focuses on the cultivation models and strategies of cluster brand in the CMMs industry. Based on the current status of the development of the CMMs industry, this article introduces several concepts related to cluster brands and their interrelationships. It discusses the cultivation models and strategies of cluster brands in the CMMs industry, industry associations, Chinese medicine companies and individual growers as the support, insists on the ecological cultivation of authentic medicinal materials and the cultivation of cluster brands. Finally, it points out the direction for the high-quality development of the ecological agriculture of CMMs.
Agriculture ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Industrial Development ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal

The ecological environment is closely related to the growth and quality of authentic medicinal materials. Ginseng is very strict with its natural environment and grows mostly in the damp valleys of forests, and the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng under different growth environments are very different. This article reviews the effects of different ecological factors(including light, temperature, altitude, moisture, soil factors, etc.)on the appearance and chemical composition(mainly ginsenosides) of ginseng. Through systematic review, it is found that soil physical factors are the most important ecological factors that affect the appea-rance of ginseng, and soil bulk density plays a key role; temperature affects ginsenosides in ginseng medicinal materials The dominant ecological factors for the accumulation of chemical ingredents; strong light, high altitude, high soil moisture, low soil nutrient and strong acid soil can influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in ginseng. Environmental stress can also stimulate the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Appropriate low temperature stress, high or low water stress, acid or alkali stress can also promote the accumulation of ginsenosides. This article systematically reviews the ecological factors that affect the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng, and clarifies the dominant ecological factors and limiting factors for the formation of ginseng's appearance and quality, as well as beneficial environmental stress factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for ginseng ecological planting and ginseng quality improvement.
Forests ; Ginsenosides ; Panax ; Plants, Medicinal ; Soil

Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides nine pesticide Maximum Residual Limits(MRLs) of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), The number of pesticides used in production are far more than those listed in pharmacopoeia. The lack of the standards make it's hard to reflect the real situation of pesticide residues in TCMs correctly. The paper is aimed to analyze the data of pesticide residues in TCMs from 7 089 items in 140 reports, and judging the exceedance rate of pesticides in TCMs using the MRLs of European pharmacopoeia，which is widely accepted in many countries. The results show that：①Pesticide residues in 18 kinds of TCMs are higher than MRLs，while in 137 kinds are below MRLs, such as Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. The average exceedance rate of all TCMs is 1.72%. The average exceedance rates of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid are 2.26%, 1.51%, 0.37%，respectively. ②The average exceedance rate of pesticides is 2.00%, and the exceedance rate is more than 5%, accounting for 8.33%, the exceedance rate is between 1%-5%, accounting for 18.75%. the exceedance rate is between 0%-1%, accounting for 18.75%. The remaining 29 kinds of pesticides were not exceeded, accounting for 60.42%.Some reports like Greenpeace's organization exaggerated the pesticide residues in TCMs.But the pesticide residue question is still worthy of attention, so we proposed to amend the Chinese Pharmacopoeia pesticide residues standards, to increase the pesticide species of traditional Chinese medicine in production on the basis of retaining the existing types of pesticide residues, to strengthen the system research of pesticide residues in TCMs, providing a basis for making standard and promoting import and export trade in TCMs.

In this paper, the potential distribution information and ecological suitability regionalization for Gastrodia elata in Zhaotong were studied based on the climate, terrain, soil and vegetation factors analysis by Maxent and ArcGIS. The results showed that the highly potential distribution (suitability index>0.6) mainly located in Zhaotong, Yunnan province（Zhenxiong,Yiliang and Daguan county, with an area of 2 872 km²）, and Bijie, Guizhou province （Hezhang,Bijie,Weining county, 1 251 km²）. The AUC of ROC curve was above 0.99, indicating that the predictive results with the Maxent model were highly precise. The main ecological factors determining the potential distribution were the altitude, average rainfall in November, average rainfall in October, vegetation types, average rainfall in March, average rainfall in April,soil types,isothermal characteristic and average rainfall in June. The environmental variables in the highly potential areas were determined as altitude around 1 450-2 200 m,annual average temperature around 18.0-20.4 ℃,annual average precipitation around 900 mm,yellow soil or yellow brown soil,and acid sandy loam or slightly acidic sandy loam.The results will provide valuable references for plantation regionalization and the siting for imitation wild planting of G. elata in Zhaotong.