Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a chronic,progressive interstitial lung disease.IPF incidence is increasing yearly with high mortality and poor prognoses.At present,IPF pathogenesis remains unclear,and its treatments are limited.The experimental model is important to further study IPF pathogenesis and explore effective preventive and therapeutic measures.In recent years,its modeling method have been continuously developed and optimized.This study summarizes the establishment method and research progress of IPF experimental models in recent years to provide ideas and references for preclinical research to select appropriate experimental models.

Objective To explore the association between the different forms of in vivo ghrelin—Acyl ghrelin( AG) ,Des-acyl ghrelin( DAG) and AG/DAG with insulin resistance( IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods From June 2017 to November 2017,eighty-three patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in (group T2DM) and 40 healthy subjects (group NC) were hospitalized in Jinling Clinical Medicine were selected. Height body mass,blood pressure,blood lipid,glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),and fasting C peptide (F-C-p) were measured,and all subjects were left with fasting serum,and the concentration of AG and DAG were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The body mass index (BMI),total gastric starvation (T-ghrelin) level,AG/DAG,insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR) , insulin sensitivity index ( HOMA-IS ) and islet beta cell function ( HOMA- beta ) were calculated. The differences of the above indexes between the two groups were compared, and the relationship between AG,DAG,T-ghrelin,AG/DAG and FPG,HOMA-IR,HOMA-IS and HOMA- beta in T2DM patients were analyzed. Results ( 1) There were no significant difference in SBP、DBP、TC、LDL-C、AG between group NC and group T2DM(P>0. 05). Compared with NC group,the age、TG、BMI、HbA1c、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β、AG/DAG were significantly higher in T2DM group ( t=2. 690,-1. 990, 0. 873, 14. 257, 10. 528, Z=2. 885,-3. 483,-2. 284;P<0. 01,P<0. 05) . The HDL-C,F-C-p,HOMA-IS,HOMA-beta,DAG and T-ghrelin in group T2DM were lower than those of NC group( t or Z=0. 477,-3. 812,-3. 395,-4. 4,-2. 916,-2. 834;P<0. 05 or P<0. 01) . ( 2) The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between AG and FPG in T2DM group (r=0. 252,P<0. 05),DAG and T-ghrelin were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=-0. 394,-0. 384,P<0. 05),and AG/DAG was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0. 394,0. 384,P<0. 05),but is negatively correlated with HOMA-IS (r=-0. 292,P<0. 05). (3) multivariate linear regression analysis showed that FPG in T2DM patients were the influencing factors of AG ( t=2. 865,P<0. 05) ,while FINS and BMI were the influencing factors of DAG( t=-2. 808、-0. 330,P<0. 05) andT-ghrelin( t=-2. 725、-0. 330, P<0. 05) . HOMA-IR and BMI are the influencing factors of AG/DAG ( t=3. 718,3. 069,P<0. 05) . Conclusion The levels of DAG and T-ghrelin in group T2DM were significantly lower than those in the normal population, and was negatively correlated with the insulin resistance index,and the ratio of AG/DAG was closely related to insulin resistance,and the level of AG was mainly affected by fasting blood glucose.

To develop a rapid differential detection method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)and transmissible gastroenteritis virus(PEDV),M gene sequences of PEDV and TGEV were compared,the inner and outer primer pairs and probes were designed according to the highly conserved region.PEDV-Probe was labeled with FAM at5'end and BHQ1 at 3'end.TGEV-Probe was labeled with CY5.5 at the 5'end and BHQ2 at the 3'end.After optimizing the reaction condi-tions and system,a dual fluorescent RT-LAMP assay for PEDV and TGEV rapid identification was established.The amplification could be completed within 60 min in a 63 ℃ water bath and then stopped at 85 ℃ for 10 min.Then the tubes were placed in a multicolor imaging system,and the re-sults could be observed under 520 nm and 690 nm dual channels.There was no cross-reaction when other common swine viral pathogens were detected by this method.The sensitivity of the assay was evaluated with a 10-fold diluted recombinant plasmid as templates.The lowest detection limit was 102 copies/μL recombinant plasmid,which was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR method.Seventy-two PEDV-positive samples,49 TGEV-positive samples,and 40 PEDV and TGEV co-infected samples were detected from 175 anal swab samples of diarrheic piglets by the established method,which were all higher than the detection rates of the conventional RT-PCR method.The dual fluorescent RT-LAMP method established in this study can be used to amplify the target gene in an ordinary water bath without gel electrophoresis,which provides technical sup-port for rapid and convenient differential diagnosis of PED and TGE and simultaneous detection of PEDV and TGEV co-infection.