Objective:To investigate the azole susceptibility of Candida albicans (C. albicans) from vulvovaginal candidosis patients and to analyze the relationship between ERG11 gene mutations in these isolates and azole resistance.
Methods:Three hundred and two clinical isolates of Candida species were collected. Azole susceptibility was tested in vitro in microdilution studies. The ERG11 genes of 17 isolates of C. albicans (2 susceptibles, 5 dose-dependent resistants and 10 resistants) were amplified and sequenced.
Results:Of the 302 isolates collected, 70.2%were C. albicans, of which 8.5%, 3.8%and 4.2%were resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. In total, 27 missense mutations were detected in ERG11 genes from resistant/susceptible dose-dependent isolates. Among them, Y132H, A114S, and Y257H substitutions were most prevalent and were known to cause fluconazole resistance. G464S and F72S also has been proved to cause fluconazole resistance. Two novel substitutions (T285A, S457P) in hotspot regions were identified.
Conclusions:Twenty seven mutations in the ERG11 gene were identified in azole-resistant C. albicans isolates, which indicated a possible relation with the increase in resistance to azole drugs and the recurrence of vulvovaginal candidosis. The relationship of two novel substitutions (T285A, S457P) with fluconazole resistance needs to be further verified by site-directed mutagenesis.

Objective:To explore the effect of health education based on theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model on negative emotion, psychological flexibility and quality of life in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to December 2021, 108 chemotherapy patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College and had anxiety or depression that scores was greater than 7 in any dimension of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were selected as the study subjects. The study subjects were divided into observation group ( n=46) and control group ( n=48) by random digits table method. Routine care was implemented in the control group. The observation group implemented health education based on the theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model intervention. The HADS scale was used every 4 weeks to assess negative emotion in both groups. In observation, patients with negative emotion relief stop the next stage of nursing intervention, and patients without relief continue the next stage of higher intensity nursing intervention. Results:Before the intervention, there were no significant difference in the scores of negative emotion, psychological flexibility and quality of life between the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of all dimensions of negative emotion and the total score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance ( t=4.86, 3.19 and 4.53, all P<0.05). After the intervention the scores of psychological flexibility and quality of life dimensions and the total score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences had statistical significance (t values were -6.01--2.89, all P<0.05). After the intervention, there was no significant difference in the remission rate of negative emotions between the clinical observation stage of the observation group and the concurrent control group ( P>0.05). The remission rates of guided self-help, problem-solving therapy, psychological or drug therapy and total negative emotions in the observation group were 38.46%(15/39), 33.33%(8/24), 6/16 and 78.26%(36/46), respectively, which were higher than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance ( χ2 values were 7.04 - 13.80, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Health education based on the theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model can effectively alleviate the negative emotions of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and improve psychological flexibility and quality of life.

Objective:To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and death risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural male population.Methods:22 282 men aged 40 years older in Tanghe county and Fenghuang county from the cohort of the "Prospective Study on Adult Behavior and Health Risk Factors in China" were selected as subjects of this study. Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HRs) of the death of CVD during the follow-up period with different BMI groups at baseline. Results:The average follow-up period in the two counties was (19.1±8.7) years and 10 828 (48.6%) people died during the follow-up period. 4 504 deaths were attributed to CVD. Among the deaths of CVD, 1 279 cases died of ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS) died in 1 201, cases died of died of 1 317 hemorrhagic stroke (HS), other 707 cases. Compared to population with BMI<18 kg/m 2, Cox regression model (adjusting factors of region, age, nationality, education level, occupation, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, blood pressure, etc.) showed that people with BMI between 20-22 kg/m 2 had the lowest risk of CVD death ( HR=0.95, 95 %CI: 0.83-1.09). But the difference was not statistically significant among each BMI group ( P>0.05). The risk of IHD death was the lowest in the population with BMI between 20-22 kg/m 2 ( P<0.05) ( HR=0.64, 95 %CI: 0.52-0.80). There was no statistically significant difference between the risk of IHD death in the population with BMI≥24 kg/m 2 and that in the population with BMI<18 kg/m 2 ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the risk of IS death and BMI ( P>0.05). The death risk of HS in the population with BMI between 18-24 kg/m 2 was higher than that in the population with BMI<18 kg/m 2 ( P<0.05). The death risk of the population with BMI between 26-28 kg/m 2 was the highest ( HR=1.88, 95 %CI:1.18-2.99). Conclusions:The mortality risk of CVD and IHD was the lowest in lean or normal weight group, and HS was higher in overweight group. Maintaining a reasonable weight can reduce the risk of death in patients with CVD.

Objective:To explore awareness of self-body image and sexual experience of patients after breast cancer surgery in the Internet era, so as to provide reference for clinical nursing staff to implement targeted intervention.Methods:This research adopted phenomenological research methods in qualitative research. A total of 15 patients with breast cancer after surgery who were admitted to Department of Breast Surgery in a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Weifang of Shandong Province from March to August 2020 were selected as the research objects by the purposive sampling method. Face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with them, and Colaizzi's 7-step method was applied for data analysis.Results:A total of 4 themes were extracted, namely, self-image disorder, poor quality of sexual life and impaired mental health; poor health literacy and lack of disease-related knowledge; different effective coping strategies and desire for all-round support.Conclusions:Clinical nursing staff should pay close attention to the body image awareness and sexual experience of patients after breast cancer surgery and take targeted intervention measures to enable patients to treat their bodies correctly, help them to establish a correct sexual attitude and promote their physical and mental health. At the same time, with the Internet as the carrier and artificial intelligence as the realization tool, it will play the role of artificial intelligence in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of breast diseases, and provide patients with high-quality, convenient and efficient services.

Objective:To investigate the sodium intake, potassium intake, sodium- potassium ratio and influencing factors of family cooks and members in six regions of China.Methods:Using the multistage random sampling method, a total of 1 576 family cooks and their family members were recruited from 6 regions in China. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect basic information. 24 h urine was collected to test 24 h urinary sodium and potassium levels.Results:After excluding unqualified urine samples, a total of 1 530 people were included in the study. For all participants, 24 h urine sodium value was (4.39±1.93) g, 24 h urine potassium value was (1.59±0.62) g and sodium-potassium ratio was 5.02±2.18. 24 h urinary sodium was negatively correlated with age, female, junior high school education or above, and annual family income ( P<0.05), and positively correlated with perceived salty taste, BMI and SBP ( P<0.05). The 24 h urine potassium value was negatively correlated with eating out almost everyday ( P<0.05), but positively correlated with BMI and unwillingness to reduct salt ( P<0.05). The sodium-potassium ratio was negatively correlated with age, female and junior high school education or above annual family income ( P<0.05), and positively correlated with perceived salty taste, SBP and eating out 3-5 d/week ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The 24 h urinary sodium value and sodium potassium ratio of family cooks and family members in six regions of China are still at high level, while the 24 h urine potassium value is low, with multiple factors. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out long-term comprehensive salt reduction intervention for family cooks and their members.

With the increasing severity of global aging, aging-related issues have become the hotspot in the field of health. In recent years, animal aging models have been widely developed and applied, which is of great significance in the study of aging mechanism. Animals with short life span, such as Caenorhabditis Elegans and Drosophila Melanogaster, have natural advantages in the study of aging. Various rat and mouse aging models have been used in aging studies. In recent years, new animal aging models have been developed, such as the African turquoise killifish. The authors reviewed main animal models used in the study of aging, and analyzed the establishment methods, evaluation indexes, advantages and disadvantages of each model in order to provide reference for related research.

Cachexia is a common complication in patients with lung cancer. It aggravates the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy, hinders the treatment plan, weakens the responsiveness of chemotherapy, reduces the quality of life, increases complications and mortality, and seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients with lung cancer. The causes and pathogenesis of tumor cachexia are extremely complex, which makes its treatment difficult and complex. Controlling cachexia in lung cancer patients requires many means such as anti-tumor therapy, inhibition of inflammatory response, nutritional support, physical exercise, and relief of symptoms to exert the synergistic effect of multimodal therapy against multiple mechanisms of tumor cachexia. To date, there has been a consensus within the discipline that no single therapy can control the development of cachexia. Some therapies have made some progress, but they need to be implemented in combination with multimodal therapy after fully assessing the individual characteristics of lung cancer patients. This article reviews the application of drug therapy and nutritional support in lung cancer patients, and looks forward to the research direction of cachexia control in lung cancer patients.
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Cachexia/therapy* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Neoplasms/complications* ; Nutritional Support/adverse effects* ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) on the proliferation of human chondrocytes and explore the molecular mechanism. METHODS: The Ad-Easy adenovirus packaging system was used to construct and package the ESR1-overexpressing adenovirus Ad-ESR1. Western blotting and qPCR were used to detect the expression of ESR1 protein and mRNA in human chondrocyte C28I2 cells. In the cells treated with different adenoviruses, the effects of E2 were tested on the expressions of proteins related with cell autophagy and apoptosis and the phosphorylation of ERK signaling pathway using Western blotting. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the intracellular autophagic flow, flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell apoptosis rate and the cell cycle changes, and qPCR was used to detect the expressions of PCNA, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 mRNAs. The inhibitory effect of the specific inhibitor of ERK on the expressions of autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes at both the protein and mRNA levels were detected using Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS: Transfection with the recombinant adenovirus overexpressing ESR1 and E2 treatment of C28I2 cells significantly enhanced the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3, ATG7, promoted the colocalization of LC3 and LAMP1 in the cytoplasm, increased the expressions of the proliferation-related marker genes PCNA, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1, and supressed the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12 and pERK. RNA interference of ESR1 obviously lowered the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins in C28I2 cells, causing also suppression of the autophagic flow, increments of the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and pERK, and down-regulated the expressions of the proliferation marker genes. Blocking ERK activation with the ERK inhibitor obviously inhibited the effects of E2/ESR1 on autophagy, proliferationrelated gene expressions and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The targeted binding of E2 with ESR1 promotes the proliferation of human chondrocytes possibly by inhibiting the activation of ERK signaling pathway to promote cell autophagy and induce cell apoptosis.
Adenoviridae ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Autophagy-Related Protein 7 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Transfection