Oxidative stress has been implicated in brain injury after ischemia, which is a complex cascade. These oxidants produced by oxidative stress are directly involved in oxidative damage with cellular macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, which lead to cell death. Oxidants are also mediators in signaling involving mitochondria pathway, DNA repair enzymes, and transcription factor that may lead to apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Antioxidangt enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase,etc) provide useful tools in dissecting the events involving oxidative stress in signaling and damage in ischemic brain injury. This review focuses on the mechanisms of oxidative stress during brain ischemia.

AIM　To study the effects of vitamin E succinate (VES) on the cell growth and the DNA synthesis of human gastric carcinoma cell (SGC-7901). METHODS　The growth curve was determined with counting viable cell numbers. The colony formations were counted with Giemsa dye staining. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and the DNA synthesis was observed with the 3H-TdR incorporation method. RESULTS　VES could inhibit the growth and colony formation of SGC-7901 cells. Growth curve display：after SGC-7901 cells were treated with 5 mg*L-1、10 mg*L-1 and 20 mg*L-1 VES for seven days, the inhibition rate are 41.2%、98.3% and 100%, respectively. The colony formation of SGC-7901 cell at 24 h was inhibited 6.7%、50.4%、87.2%, and at 48 h was 24.7%、73.4%、100%, respectively. FCM analysis revealed that VES could decrease the percentage of cells in G2-M phase after treated 48 h in a dose-dependent manner, while increase the percentage of cells in S pheise. The assays of 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA showed obvious inhibition dose-dependently after exposure to VES for 48 h. CONCLUSION　VES could inhibit gastric carcinoma cell growth by arresting DNA synthesis in vitro.

AIM To study the effects of vitamin E succinate (VES) on the cell growth and the DNA synthesis of human gastric carcinoma cell (SGC 7901). METHODS The growth curve was determined with counting viable cell numbers. The colony formations were counted with Giemsa dye staining. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and the DNA synthesis was observed with the 3H TdR incorporation method. RESULTS VES could inhibit the growth and colony formation of SGC 7901 cells. Growth curve display:after SGC 7901 cells were treated with 5 mg?L -1 、10 mg?L -1 and 20 mg?L -1 VES for seven days, the inhibition rate are 41 2%、98 3% and 100%, respectively. The colony formation of SGC 7901 cell at 24 h was inhibited 6 7%、50 4%、87 2%, and at 48 h was 24 7%、73 4%、100%, respectively. FCM analysis revealed that VES could decrease the percentage of cells in G 2 M phase after treated 48 h in a dose dependent manner, while increase the percentage of cells in S pheise. The assays of 3H TdR incorporation into DNA showed obvious inhibition dose dependently after exposure to VES for 48 h. CONCLUSION VES could inhibit gastric carcinoma cell growth by arresting DNA synthesis in vitro .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the curative effects and feasibility of the self regulating simple localizer through anterior approach for the treatment of odontoid fracture in adults.

METHODSFrom June 2010 and December 2012, 6 patients with odontoid fracture underwent an anterior operation using a single hollow screw located by the self regulating simple localizer. There were 4 males and 2 females, aged from 28 to 55 years old with an average of 39.1 years. The injuries were caused by traffic accidents in 4 cases and falling injury from high in 2 cases. According to the classification of Anderson, 4 cases were type II and 2 cases were simple type III. All the patients underwent operations in 5 to7 days after injury with the mean of 5.9 days. None of the patients had a spinal cord injury. The safety and feasibility of the self made localizer were observed in follow up for fracture healing and clinical effects.

RESULTSAll the operations were successful with an average time of 50 min (ranged from 45 to 55 min) and the mean bleeding volume was 25 ml(ranged from 20 to 30 ml). No injuries of esophagus, trachea or nerve were found. All the patients were followed up from 8 to 16 months and all fractures were obtained bone healing. The flexion extension radiograph showed a well stability of atlantoaxial joint in last followed up.

CONCLUSIONSThe self regulating simple localizer is a minimally invasive, short time and safe method in treating odontoid fractures through anterior operation with hollow screw. It may be a reliable choice while without a professional localizer.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction (SND)on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Control group in which sham operation was performed; (2) Model group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping super mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 3 hours; (3) SND1 group in which SD (0.6 g/200 g rat) was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R; (4) SND2 group in which SD (1.2 g/200 g rat)was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R. A strip of small intestine was taken from distal end of ileum for electron microscopic examination. The two-dimensional structural parameters and three-dimensional structural parameters of mitochondria were calculated. RESULTS: (1)Morphological changes of small intestine: In control group, epithelial cells were orderly arranged, with normal mitochondria and intestinal villi. In model group, the gaps between epithelial cells widened. There were a lot of apoptotic cells. Microvilli were short and swelled. Mitochondria were swelled obviously with broken ridges. Endoplasmatic reticulum was severely dilated. In SND1 and SND2 groups, microvilli and epithelial cells were orderly arranged relatively, mitochondria was slightly swelled. (2) Structural parameters of mitochondria: In model group, there were the least mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria was severe. In SND1 and SND2 groups, the mitochondria was more than that of model group and the swelling were slight. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can protect small intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury without dose-dependent effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative TSH suppression on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with DTC.Methods Postmenopausal women with postoperative DTC underwent thyroid residual ablation or 131I treatment for metastases at Xin Hua Hospital between September 2009 and December 2014 were enrolled and followed for 2 years.They were divided into suppressive TSH group (median TSH＜0.30 mU/L;group 1) and non-suppressive group (median TSH≥0.30 mU/L;group 2).Lumber 1-4 BMD levels (T scores) were measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometer at baseline,1 year and 2 years after treatment.All patients had calcium and vitamin D supplementation after TSH suppression.The T scores were compared with Mann-Whitney u test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results A total of 126 patients were enrolled and followed up for 2 years,including 65 with average age (57.65±6.65) years in group 1 and 61 with average age (56.19±7.17) years in group 2.The T scores in group 1 and group 2 at baseline were-1.70(-2.30,-0.55) and-1.30(-2.10,-0.30) (z=-1.660,P＞ 0.05).The difference of T scores was significant in group 1 at baseline,1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up (-2.25(-2.48,-0.83),-1.95(-2.70,-0.60);H=6.244,P＜0.05),but not significantly different in group 2 (H=1.102,P＞0.05).The T values were different between the 2 groups both in 1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up (z values:-2.170,-2.160,both P＜0.05).Conclusions TSH suppression significantly increases the risk of postoperative osteoporosis.The BMD should be followed up annually in postmenopausal DTC patients.

Objective To detect the expression of BRAF V600E mutant protein in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM),and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in detecting BRAF V600E mutation.Methods IHC with an anti-BRAF V600E monoclonal antibody was performed to detect the expression of BRAF V600E mutant protein in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 103 patients with CMM and 40 patients with nevus.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS software version 17.0,and the expression rate of BRAF V600E mutant protein was compared by chi-square test.Results The expression rate of BRAF V600E mutant protein in the CMM patients was 20.4％ (21/103),significantly higher than that in the nevus patients (5.0％ (2/40),x2 =5.06,P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences were observed in the expression rate of BRAF V600E mutant protein between CMM patients of different age groups (29.8％ (14/47) in patients aged ＜ 60 years vs.12.5％ (7/56) in those aged ≥ 60 years,P ＜ 0.05) and nationality (30.2％ (13/43) for Uygur nationality vs.13.3％ (8/60) for Han nationality,P ＜ 0.05),as well as among CMM lesions from different anatomical sites (13.6％ (6/42) in acral sites vs.11.8％ (4/29) in mucous membrane vs.45.8％ (11/32) in non-acral sites,P ＜ 0.05) and of different Clark levels (8.6％ (4/42) for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ vs.12.4％ (17/61) for grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ,P＜ 0.05),but not between male and female CMM patients or between CMM patients with lymph node metastasis and those without (both P ＞ 0.05).IHC with the anti-BRAF V600E antibody showed a sensitivity of 100％ (15/15) and a specificity of 98.5％ (65/66) in detecting BRAF V600E mutation.Conclusions The expression of BRAF V600E mutant protein is up-regulated in CMM lesions,and CMM patients of Uygur nationality seems to have a higher expression rate than those of Han nationality.IHC appears to be an accurate and rapid method to detect V600E BRAF mutation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatic fibrosis stage and clinical serum fibrosis markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Liver puncture biopsy was performed in 189 CHB patients.The serum levels of hyalyronic acid (HA),laminin (LN),procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ),collagen Ⅳ (Ⅳ C),liver function and peripheral blood routine were detected simultaneously. The comparison, correlation and regression analysis were performed based on different fibrosis stages (S).Results From SO to S4 group,levels of PC Ⅲ,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-G-T),total bilirubin (TBil),protein electrophoresis γ-globulin (Ely-γ) and prothrombin time (PT) were progressively elevated,the differences were statistically significant (F value was 3.325,6.218,2.958,10.160 and 7.028,P＜0.05),while cholinesterase (CHE),total protein (TP),albumin (Alb) and platelet (PLT) were progressively declined,the differences were also statistically significant (F value was 15.984,3.768,14.919 and 4.737,P＜0.05).The differences of LN,IVC,ALT and AST between groups were statistically significant (F value was 4.618,2.795,2.649 and 3.199,P＜0.05).Fibrosis stages (s) was positively correlated with LN,PCIII,ALT,AST,TBil,γ-GT,Ep-γand PT (r=0.200,0.306,0.172,0.273,0.153,0.402,0.415,0.269,respectively);while it was negatively correlated with CHE,TP,Alb and PLT (r=-0.502,-0.208,-0.413,-0.390,respectively);I.N,AI.T,CHE,PLT and Ep-γ were the independent risk factors which affecting hepatic fibrosis stages.Conclusions Liver fibrosis stage in histopathology was correlative in certain degree with the serum markers of hepatic fibrosis,liver function,and blood routine examination.Combined analysis of clinical data may be used to early diagnose hepatic fibrosis non-invasively.

Objective: To study therapeutic effects of simvastatin on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: According to LDL-C level, a total of 90 CHD patients were divided into simvastatin 20mg group (n=37, LDL-C≥2.5mmol/L), simvastatin 10mg group (n=35, 1.8mmol/L≤LDL-C<2.5mmol/L) and routine treatment group (n=18, LDL-C<1.8mmol/L). Their course of treatment was 8 weeks. Color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to measure flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD), and nitrate reductase method was used to measure concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in all CHD patients. Serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were routinely measured. Results: After treatment of eight weeks, compared with before treatment, there were significant decrease in concentrations of TC, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05 all), and significant increase in HDL-C level (P<0.05 all) in simvastatin 20mg and 10mg group, but there were no significant difference in above-mentioned all indexes between simvastatin 20mg and 10mg groups, P>0.05 all; Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant improvement in FMD [(6.01±0.49)% vs. (9.01±0.39)% vs. (9.01±0.47)%，P<0.01 all] and significant increase in serum NO concentration [(38.97±8.89)μmol/L vs. (47.67±10.89) μmol/L vs. (45.61±9.09) μmol/L，P<0.05 all] in simvastatin 20mg and 10mg group; But there were also no significant difference in serum NO and FMD between simvastatin 20mg and 10mg groups, P>0.05 all. Conclusion: Simvastatin can increase NO concentration and improve vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in CHD patients. Its mechanism may be related with lipid-lowering effect, but independent of its lipid-lowering effect

Purpose To explore the accuracy of ALK fused gene expression by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) patients, and to investigate the clinical and pathological features of ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Methods By u-sing rabbit monoclonal D5F3 antibody, ALK IHC was performed on 234 NSCLC patients. ALK positive cases were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results The positive incidence of ALK by IHC in 234 NSCLC specimens was 8. 97% (21/234), the positive rate of ALK fused gene verificated by RT-PCR was 5. 98% (14/234). There was significant difference with histological type, age, stage (P<0. 05), but no significant difference with gender, smoking history, tumor differentiation. Of 21 cases of ALK-positive NSCLC patients, the consistency of IHC and RT-PCR was 0 when IHC was ( +) , however, when IHC was or immunohistochemical score was >120, the consistency rate was 100%. Conclusion Although immunohistochemical expres-sion of ALK fused gene may have a certain false positive, IHC or immunohistochemical score> 120 show very high value for ALK fused gene RT-PCR followed by ALK immunohistochemistry in lung cancer is a economical and feasible method for the valuation of ALK fused gene.