OBJECTIVE:To conduct a textual research on the medicinal parts of Herba Siegesbeckiae for references of scientific and effective clinical use of Herba Siegesbeckiae. METHODS:Textual research was conducted in a chronological order and which was subjected to analysis based on marketing research. RESULTS:In ancient times, the tender stems and leaves of Herba Siegesbeckiae were used as medical herbs, but lots of thick stems are presented in Herba Siegesbeckiae sold on current market, which is not in line with the medication experience of ancients. CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the medicinal parts in Herba Siegesbeckiae.To make sure its medicinal parts, further research remains to be done.

OBJECTIVE:To study the reasonable parts used as medicinal herbs in Herba Siegesbeckiae from the point of chemical contents.METHODS:Using the methods of Ch.P 2005 to determine the percentage contents of ethanol-soluble extractives and Kirenol(an effective antirheumatic constituent) in the tender stems and leaves and thick stems of Herba Siegesbeckiae. RESULTS:The contents of the ethanol-soluble extractives and Kirenol in the tender stems and leaves were much higher than in the thick stems.CONCLUSION:The above results suggest that tender stems and leaves of Herba Siegesbeckiae should be used as the medicinal parts.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug utilization for osteoarthritis in VIP clinic of our hospital. METHODS:The prescriptions of Chinese patent medicine and western medicines for osteoarthritis patients in VIP clinic in our hospital in the first half year from 2007 and 2009 were analyzed statistically by using DDDs analytical method. RESULTS:Among all the western medicines,analgesic and antiphlogistic categories were predominantly used,followed by Sodium Alendronate and Calcitonin (bone resorption inhibitors); the categories that can tonify kidney,invigorate bone,fight against rheumatism or hyperostosis took the lead among all the Chinese patent medicines. CONCLUSION:The drug utilization for osteoarthritis in VIP clinic of our hospital is rational with confirmed efficacy. The combined treatment of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine is an effective therapy worthy of further exploration.

Objective To explore the value of liver biopsy in diagnosis of the severity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods The liver biopsy, laboratory examination and imaging were performed in 176 CHB patients. The clinical and histological diagnoses were compared. Biochemical indexes of liver function were also compared between patients with histological inflammation activity ＜G2 and≥G2 or the patients with fibrosis score ＜S2 and ≥S2. Rank sum test and χ2 test were used in univariate analysis. Binary Logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results Among 176patients, the clinical diagnosis of CHB and cirrhosis were established in 171 patients and five patients,respectively. Among 171 CHB patients, the clinical diagnosis was consistent with histological diagnosis in 102 (59.6%) patients. The clinical diagnosis was more severe than histological diagnosis in 60 (35.1%) patients and the clinical diagnosis was less severe than histological diagnosis in nine (5.3%) patients. Among 44 patients with histological grade G2, 41 (93.2 %) patients had alanine aminotransferase (ALT)≥2 × upper limits of normal (ULN). According multiple Logistic regression analysis, age, overt symptom, ALT level, cholinesterase (CHE), albumin (Alb), total bile acid (TBA) and ultrasonic appearance of non-smooth liver surface were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of fibrosis score ≥S2. Conclusions The CHB diagnosis based on clinical evidences doesn't show acceptable consistency with the diagnosis based on histological evidences. G2 and S2 may be more reliable criteria for diagnosing moderate and severe CHB.

AIM　To study the effects of vitamin E succinate (VES) on the cell growth and the DNA synthesis of human gastric carcinoma cell (SGC-7901). METHODS　The growth curve was determined with counting viable cell numbers. The colony formations were counted with Giemsa dye staining. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and the DNA synthesis was observed with the 3H-TdR incorporation method. RESULTS　VES could inhibit the growth and colony formation of SGC-7901 cells. Growth curve display：after SGC-7901 cells were treated with 5 mg*L-1、10 mg*L-1 and 20 mg*L-1 VES for seven days, the inhibition rate are 41.2%、98.3% and 100%, respectively. The colony formation of SGC-7901 cell at 24 h was inhibited 6.7%、50.4%、87.2%, and at 48 h was 24.7%、73.4%、100%, respectively. FCM analysis revealed that VES could decrease the percentage of cells in G2-M phase after treated 48 h in a dose-dependent manner, while increase the percentage of cells in S pheise. The assays of 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA showed obvious inhibition dose-dependently after exposure to VES for 48 h. CONCLUSION　VES could inhibit gastric carcinoma cell growth by arresting DNA synthesis in vitro.

AIM To study the effects of vitamin E succinate (VES) on the cell growth and the DNA synthesis of human gastric carcinoma cell (SGC 7901). METHODS The growth curve was determined with counting viable cell numbers. The colony formations were counted with Giemsa dye staining. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and the DNA synthesis was observed with the 3H TdR incorporation method. RESULTS VES could inhibit the growth and colony formation of SGC 7901 cells. Growth curve display:after SGC 7901 cells were treated with 5 mg?L -1 、10 mg?L -1 and 20 mg?L -1 VES for seven days, the inhibition rate are 41 2%、98 3% and 100%, respectively. The colony formation of SGC 7901 cell at 24 h was inhibited 6 7%、50 4%、87 2%, and at 48 h was 24 7%、73 4%、100%, respectively. FCM analysis revealed that VES could decrease the percentage of cells in G 2 M phase after treated 48 h in a dose dependent manner, while increase the percentage of cells in S pheise. The assays of 3H TdR incorporation into DNA showed obvious inhibition dose dependently after exposure to VES for 48 h. CONCLUSION VES could inhibit gastric carcinoma cell growth by arresting DNA synthesis in vitro .

AIM: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction (SND)on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Control group in which sham operation was performed; (2) Model group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping super mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 3 hours; (3) SND1 group in which SD (0.6 g/200 g rat) was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R; (4) SND2 group in which SD (1.2 g/200 g rat)was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R. A strip of small intestine was taken from distal end of ileum for electron microscopic examination. The two-dimensional structural parameters and three-dimensional structural parameters of mitochondria were calculated. RESULTS: (1)Morphological changes of small intestine: In control group, epithelial cells were orderly arranged, with normal mitochondria and intestinal villi. In model group, the gaps between epithelial cells widened. There were a lot of apoptotic cells. Microvilli were short and swelled. Mitochondria were swelled obviously with broken ridges. Endoplasmatic reticulum was severely dilated. In SND1 and SND2 groups, microvilli and epithelial cells were orderly arranged relatively, mitochondria was slightly swelled. (2) Structural parameters of mitochondria: In model group, there were the least mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria was severe. In SND1 and SND2 groups, the mitochondria was more than that of model group and the swelling were slight. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can protect small intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury without dose-dependent effect.

Objective To investigate the application of ultrasound and blood indicators in diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis (S4) for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Data of blood and ultrasound examinations of 631 patients with CHB who received liver biopsy in the Sixth People' s Hospital of Shenyang during April 2002 and March 2011 were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors independently correlated with early liver cirrhosis,and the diagnostic model was established using these indicators.The diagnostic value of the established model was assessed by using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared with FIB-4 index,aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet (PLT) ratio index (APRI) and S index.Results Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,PLT,albumin globulin ratio (A/G) and splenic square area (SPS) in ultrasound findings were independently correlated to early liver cirrhosis (Wald =10056,46.236,3.751 and 10.669,P ＜0.01).AUROC of the model based on the above factors in diagnosing early liver cirrhosis was 0.908,which was higher than those of FIB-1 index,APRI index and S index (Z =8.322,4.334 and 4.087,P ＜ 0.05).Taking 0.063 as cut-off value,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predict value and negative predict value of the established model in diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis were 90.1％,77.8％,50.0％ and 97.1％,respectively.Taking ＜0.060 and ≥0.110 as the cut-off values to exclude,and diagnose early liver cirrhosis,69.7％ (440/631) patients could avoid liver biopsy.Conclusion The model based on age,PLT,A/G and SPS can effectively predict early liver cirrhosis,and can reduce liver biopsy.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of negative pressure suction enteroscopy for intestinal examination.Methods The negative pressure suction enteroscopy was first applied to examine 20 detached small intestines from pigs to explore a suitable work pressure and to detect possible intestinal damages.The procedure was then applied in living pigs to evaluate the feasibility and to observe possible adverse reactions in a 2-week follow-up.Resnlts The absolute working pressure of the negative pressure suction enteroscopy should be higher than 0.06 Mpa.The procedures were successfully completed in all 20 pig small intestines in 40 + 20 min.There was no tissue damage in the intestinal wall according to histological findings.Local glide occurred in living pig examination at 0.06 Mpa,and it disappeared when the absolute value was higher than 1.00 Mpa.The procedure was completed in 20 living pigs in 60 ± 20 min.Histological findings showed complete tissue structure,clear villi and complete submucous and muscular tissue.All pigs could take food at recovery from anaesthesia.18 had bowel movement on the 2nd day after the operation,and the 2 others recovered on the 3rd day.No abdominal distension,hematochezia,or constipation was observed in 2-week follow-up.Food intake,activity,sleep,urination and defecation were all normal.Conclusion The negative pressure suction enteroscopy is effective and safe for small intestine examination,and is of good prospect.

Background Choroidal thickness is closely associated with ametropia,and to study the influence of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) on refraction is very important for understanding the mechanism of refractive error more clearly.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between SFCT and refraction.Methods A retrospective serial cases analysis was performed.Forty anisometrope patients were recruited in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from June 2012 to August 2012.The subjects were divided into 6-13 years group and 14-21 years group.Vision acuity was tested by the EDTRS visual acuity chart and ocular anterior segment was examined under the slit lamp microscope,and the fundus examination was performed by direct ophthalmoscope.Subjective and objective optometry was performed after pupils were dilated.EDI OCT was used to illuminate choroidal image.Ocular axial length (AL) was obtained by Lenstar 900.The difference in SFCT between myopic eyes and hyperopic eyes was compared using Student t test,and the correlations between SFCT and refraction were analyzed by Pearson linear analysis and linear regression analysis.Results The average SFCT was (307.82±88.47) μm in all the tested eyes,and the SFCT of myopic eyes and hyperopic eyes was (270.60±70.57) μm and (376.95±76.59) μm,respectively,with a significant difference between them (P =0.000).In the 6-13 years group,positive correlations were found between SFCT and diopters with the regression coefficient 18.60 and regression equation Y =18.60X +310.79 (r=0.345,F=21.110,P=0.000) as well as between SFCT and AL with the regression coefficient -31.76 and regression equation Y =-31.76X+1 039.97 (r=0.262,F=17.320,P=0.000).In the 14-21 years group,SFCT showed positive correlation with diopters,with the regression coefficient 23.38 and regression equation Y=23.38X+353.17 (r =0.430,F =27.210,P =0.000) and negative correlation with AL,with the regression coefficient-35.82 and regression equation Y =-35.82X+1 132.75 (r=0.237,F=15.650,P=0.000).Conclusions SFCT seems to be positive correlated with diopter.When the diopter shifts toward positive value,SFCT value increases,and whenever diopter increases-1 D,SFCT decreases 20 μm approximately.SFCT decreases with the increase of AL.