OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension,and find out the measures of prevention and control. METHODS The discharged patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 underwent retrospective investigation and analysis for the sites and reasons and the results of bacterial culture. RESULTS The incidence of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension was 55.55%.Major infection factors correlated with neurogenic pulmonary edema, irritable hyperglycemia,bulbar paralysis,etc.The Gram-nagative bacteria were predominant among the pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The infections are interrelated with many factors.Abiding by the principle of using antibiotic and the strict aseptic manipulation may reduce the occurrence of the infection,but treating the primary affection and the comprehensive therapy are important measures for reducing infection.

BACKGROUND: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in hemodialysis patients is influenced by multiple factors.OBJECTIVE: To explore the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) changes and related factors in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Non-randomized control experiment was performed at the Third Hospital of Peking University from January to August 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 66 MHD patients were selected from Third Hospital of Peking University.METHODS: General clinical conditions, biochemical indexes, PWVcf and subjective nutritional state were evaluated. MHD patients were divided into two groups according to the state of nutrition evaluated with SGA: non-malnutrition (n=49), malnutrition group (n=17). The PWVcf of two groups was compared, and one-way and multiple regression analyses were performed to explore PWVcf-relatest factors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PWVcf, blood albumin and parathyroid hormone.RESULTS: PWVcf was significantly positively correlated with age (r= 0.284, P< 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r= 0.468, P<0. 001), and pulse pressure (r=0.451, P< 0.001), while negatively correlated with prealbumin (r=0.318, P< 0. 05),plasma-albumin (r=0.263, P< 0.05), parathyroid hormone (r=0.167, P< 0.05), serum creatinine (r=0.347, P= 0.004)and transferring (r=0.284, P < 0.05) before dialysis. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that pulse pressure and parathyroid hormone were independently related with PWVcf. The PWVcf was significantly increased in malnutrition group compared with non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pulse pressure is the major clinical determinants of arterial stiffness in patients with MHD independent of conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease; Malnutrition and atherosclerosis are common complications of MHD,showing close relationship. The PWVcf was significantly increased in malnutrition patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the occurring characteristic and curing measures of hospital infection for inpatients with cardiovascular disease.METHODS The data of hospital infection for inpatients with cardiovascular disease from Jan to Dec,2004 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The total incidence of hospital infection was 3.38% for inpatients with cardiovascular disease.The infection located as follows: 157 patients were in lower respiratory tract(48.2%);66 patients in upper respiratory tract(20.2%);40 patients in urinary tract(12.3%);33 patients in gastrointestinal tract(10.1%);and 18 patients were in cutis tissue ((5.5%).) CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia is one of the inducing factors to heart failure for patients with cardiovascular disease.Applying antibiotics reasonably,aseptic operation and treating the primary affection could decrease the incidence of hospital infection.

BACKGROUND:Little data have been available concerning function features of arterial elasticity in patients with chronic kidney disease at 2-5 stage not undergoing dialysis.Studies have demonstrated that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(PWVcf) can be used to evaluate arterial elasticity.OBJECTIVE:To explore the changes and influential factors of PWVcf in patients with chronic kidney disease.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A non-randomized controlled experiment was performed at the Department of Nephrology,Peking University Third Hospital from January to August 2006.PARTICIPANTS:166 patients with chronic kidney disease and 28 health persons were selected from Peking University Third Hospital.METHODS:The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney/Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative(K/DOQI) guideline for chronic kidney disease:mild group(at stage 1 to 2),moderate group(at stage 3) and severe group(at stage 4 to 5);the healthy people served as control.Body mass,blood pressure,PWVcf and biochemical indicators were determined to calculate glomerular filtration rate and compare the differences.One-way and multiple regression analyses were used to explore related factors of PWVcf.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:PWVcf and influential factors.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the patients had significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,pulse pressure and PWVcf(P

Objective:Evaluate the application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the identification of homology of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC). Methods:A total of 26 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 9 provinces in China in 2018. The 900-1 200 cm -1 was selected as a spectral region for the Euclidean distance calculating and average linkage clustering between all isolates.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results:Twenty-six CREC strains were divided into 14 infrared spectros copy(IR) types by FTIR. The same IR type belonged to the same sequence type type.Compared with cluster analysis based on WGS, the consistency of FTIR cluster analysis was 92.3% (24/26).Conclusions:FTIR presented excellent performance in identification of homology of CREC.Besides, with the advantages of simple operation and rapid acquisition of results, FTIR may be a useful tool in clinical labs.

Objective To assess retinal and choroidal blood flow density in the macular regions of children diagnosed with unilateral low myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of these mea-surements.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 eyes of 45 children with monocular myopia and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years who visited the outpatient department of the Ophthalmology of Dalian Third People's Hospital between June 2022 and February 2023.Optometry was performed after a 1%cyclopentolate cycloplegic muscle paralysis.Eyes with spherical equivalent(SE)-3.00 D to-0.50 D were included in the myopia group,whereas those with SE-0.25 D to＜+2.00 D were placed in the non-myopia group.The Master system was used to measure axial length(AL)and corneal curvature radius(CR),and to calculate AL/CR.Heidelberg spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to perform horizontal linear scanning of the macular area to obtain subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT).The OCTA module was used to obtain 3 mm×3 mm choroidal blood flow images,which were imported into ImageJ graphics processing software to obtain the blood flow densities of the superficial choroidal plexus(SCP),deep choroidal plexus(DCP),choroidal capillary(CC),and foveal avascular zone(FAZ).Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlations between each blood flow parameter and age,AL,CR,AL/CR,and SFCT.Results The SE and SFCT of the myopia group were smaller(P＜0.05)than those of the non-myopia group,whereas the AL and AL/CR were significantly larger(P＜0.05)than those of the non-myopia group.The DCP blood flow density in the myopia group was significantly lower than that in the non-myopia group(P＜0.01).There was no statistically sig-nificant difference between the residual blood flow parameters of the myopia and non-myopia groups(P＞0.05).The Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the SCP and DCP blood flow densities in the myopia group were positively correlated with SE(r= 0.611,0.731,P＜0.05),negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.568,-0.712,P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with AL/CR(r=-0.557,-0.564,P＜0.05).The SCP and DCP blood flow densities were negatively correlated with AL/CR in the non-myopia group(r=-0.615,-0.656,P＜0.05).The CC density and FAZ area in the two groups did not correlate with age,SE,AL,CR,AL/CR,or SFCT(P＞0.05).Conclusion Com-pared to non-myopic eyes,the eyes of children with mild monocular myopia had lower DCP blood flow density.Moreover,retinal blood flow density in myopic eyes was correlated with SE,AL,and AL/CR,whereas retinal blood flow density in non-myopic eyes was only correlated with AL/CR.