Objective To investigate correlation of abdominal adipose tissue distribution and insulin resistance in T2DM. Methods A total of 128 T2DM patients were divided into two groups :obese (OG) group (n=66) and non‐obese (NOG) group (n=62). Spiral CT was used for the measurement of adipose tissue of the total area (TA) and visceral fat area (VA) at abdominal umbilical level lumbar vertebrae 4 ,5 plane in T2DM patients. Subcutaneous fat area (SA ) was calculated. General and biochemical characteristics were measured in both groups. Results WC [male(73.52 ± 0.88) vs (70.66 ± 0.92)cm ;female(83.22 ± 0.96) vs (78.98 ± 0.98)cm] ,BMI [male(28.85 ± 3.45) vs (25.11 ± 4.36)kg/m2 ;female (28.23 ± 3.48) vs (25.05 ± 3.89)kg/m2 ] ,SBP [male(158.23 ± 8.25) vs (112.25 ± 7.25)mmHg ;female (154.25 ± 6.32) vs (109.68 ± 8.02)mmHg] ,DBP [male(95.36 ± 5.26) vs (80.69 ± 7.25)mmHg ;female (92.45 ± 4.36) vs (80.26 ± 6.48)mmHg] ,FPG [male(9.85 ± 2.89) vs (7.03 ± 2.88)mmol/L ;female (9.75 ± 2.65) vs (7.39 ± 2.98)mmol/L] ,FIns [male(11.25 ± 3.45) vs (7.02 ± 2.43)mIU/L ;female (11.02 ± 3.58) vs (7.18 ± 2.69)mIU/L] ,HbA1c [male(7.36 ± 1.36)% vs (5.21 ± 0.37)% ;female(7.68 ± 1.22)% vs (5.32 ± 0.42)% ] ,TG [male(5.98 ± 1.52) vs (3.02 ± 0.89)mmol/L ;female(5.78 ± 1.26) vs (2.98 ± 0.92)mmol/L] ,TC [male(8.02 ± 1.28) vs (4.39 ± 0.98)mmol/L ;female(7.98 ± 1.13) vs (4.23 ± 0.89)mmol/L] ,LDL‐C [male(9.12 ± 0.58) vs (4.21 ± 0.86)mmol/L ;female(8.96 ± 0.78) vs (4.18 ± 0.92)mmol/L] ,SUA [male(83.63 ± 21.64) vs (72.98 ± 12.25)μmol/L ;female(83.98 ± 19.78) vs (71.98 ± 11.98)μmol/L] ,C‐RP [male(5.96 ± 1.25) vs (2.32 ± 0.42)mg/L ;female(5.05 ± 1.32) vs (2.52 ± 0.56)mg/L] ,HOMA‐IR [male(4.25 ± 1.12) vs (2.25 ± 1.12);female(4.36 ± 1.42) vs (2.12 ± 1.02)] ,TA [male(50.68 ± 9.12) vs (30.96 ± 3.26)cm2 ;female(47.23 ± 4.23) vs (26.98 ± 3.02)cm2 ] , VA [male(19.78 ± 5.42) vs (10.59 ± 4.69)cm2 ;female(17.02 ± 3.96) vs (8.45 ± 3.78)cm2 ] ,SA [male (30.91 ± 6.02) vs (18.96 ± 5.78)mm2 ;female(28.25 ± 4.23) vs (17.25 ± 4.62)mm2 ]and VA/SA [male (0.72 ± 0.22)% vs (0.42 ± 0.18)% ;female(0.58 ± 0.17)% vs (0.32 ± 0.12)% ] were significantly higher in OG group than in NOG group. T2DM course [male(2.36 ± 0.58) vs (2.62 ± 0.78)years ;female (2.38 ± 0.62) vs (2.82 ± 0.82)years] ,HDL‐C [male(0.98 ± 0.21) vs (2.28 ± 0.78)mmol/L ;female(0.96 ± 0.32) vs (2.19 ± 0.82)mmol/L] and HOMA‐β[male(28.22 ± 9.34) vs (82.22 ± 31.25);female(28.02 ±8.02) vs (81.36 ± 28.36)] were lower in OG group than in NOG group(P< 0.05). Spearson correlation analysis showed that HOMA‐IR was positively associated with TG ,SUA ,TA ,VA ,SA ,VA/TA ,SA/TA and VA/SA. Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that TG ,SA ,TA and VA/TA were risk factors for insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Conclusion Abdominal fat distribution is closely related to IR in T2DM patients.

Objective To analyze the influence of the polymorphisms of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-Ⅰ molecule and the effects on plasma viral load of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected male homosexual population in Beijing.Methods The HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C allele were typed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR),and viral load was detected in 157 chronic HIV infected persons.Normally distributed measurement data were analyzed by one-way or multi-way analysis of variance,while data of abnormal distributions were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.Results Among 157 chronic HIV infected persons,the number of Bw4 motifs on HLA-B loci was associated with a lower level of viral load (F=3.01,P=0.045).In these HIV infected persons,the viral load in HLA-B carrying Bw4/4 homozygote was (4.19±0.76) lg IU/mL,in HLA-B carrying Bw6/6 homozygote was (4.63±0.74) lg IU/mL (t=2.27,P=0.010).The viral load of those who carried three,one or none Bw4 motifs on HLA-A and HLA-B loci were (3.92± 0.97),(4.54±0.88) and (4.60±0.72) lg IU/mL,respectively (three vs none:t=2.53,P=0.015; three vs one:t=2.11,P=0.039).HIV infected persons who carried homozygote on any loci of HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C had comparable levels of plasma viral load to those who carried heterozygote on HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C loci.Among the persons who carried heterozygote on HLA-A,HLA B,HLA-C loci,Bw4/4 homozygote on HLA-B had lower levels of viral load than Bw6/6 homozygote on HLA-B (median:4.09 lg IU/mL vs 4.55 lg IU/mL,U=210.50,P=0.041).HIV infected persons who carried A30/B13/C06 or A33/B58/C03 haplotype had comparable levels of plasma viral load to those without A30/B13/C06 or A33/B58/C03 haplotype (t=0.40,P=0.69; t=0.68,P=0.49,respectively).Conclusions Bw4/4 homozygote on HLA-B loci is associated with lower HIV viral load.Furthermore,the plasma viral load of HIV infected persons carrying heterozygote on HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C loci could be influenced by the Bw4/4 homozygote on HLA-B locus,with a lower viral load.

Objective To study the value of electronic administration analysis system used for pre-hospitalrecords in comparison with statistic data processed manually. Method The data of 'first aid medical records'collected from June 26, 2007 to December 26, 2007 in Wuxi Emergency Center, Wuxi, China were taken for anal-ysis. The items for comparison included the average number of emergency patients monthly, percentage of intra-venous infusion, proportion of ECG and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, rate of blood glucose measurement,number of pre-hospital treatment, frequency of using medical devices and time taken for answer to inquires. Thecomparison was carried out between statistic data processed manually and those processed electronically. ResultsBetween two different methods of statistic process, there were no significant in all items ( P > 0.05) except theshorter time required for electronic process to answer the inquires (P<0.01). Conclusions The electronic ad-ministration analysis system for the records of emergency patients is fully developed to meet the expectation in termsof quick answer to inquries with credibly and precisely numerical values.

Objective To investigate the effects of adhesion mediated by bone nlalTow stroma celh from leukemia patient on chemotherapeutics sensitivity and cell cycle of Jurkat cells in the co-cultured model.Methods Bone mw stroma cells were isohted and cultured from leukemia patients routinely.To construct the co-cultured model.Jurkat cells were co-cultured with BMSCs the irradiated layer by 60Co,and the model was observed with scanning electron microscope.The IC50 values of Jurkat cells expesured to DNR were quantified by MTT.The cell cycles of Jurkat cells after 24h-adhesion in the co-cultured model were analyzed by Facs.The expression of cyclin A,cyclin E and p27 in Jurkat cells adhered to BMSCs for 4h.24h and 48h were detected by Western blot.Results Jurkat ceUs in the co-cultured model showed a decreased sensitivity to DNR.ICSO values for normal BMSCs,leukemic BMSCs and non-adhered control were of 1.78Ixmol/L,2.30pznol/L and 0.45p,mol/L,respectively.The percentages of Go-Gl phase for leukemic BMSCs group and non-adhered control group were of 48.74％±8.77％and 27.83％壬1.86％.Respectively.The percentages of Gz-M phase for leukemic BMSCs group and non-adhered control group were of2.01％±1.17％and 20.33％±1.84％。Respectively.Compared with eomrol group,the 24h-ad- hesion mediated by BMSCs from leukemia patients up-regulated the percentage of Go-G1 phase of Jurkat cells(P

BACKGROUND:Leukemia cells can obtain drug resistance phenotype mediated by adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. But, for chronic myelogenous leukemia with adhesion functional defects, the role and mechanism of bone marrow stromal cells in imatinib-resistant formation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To construct the co-cultured model of bone marrow stromal cells-K562 cells and to investigate the influences of the co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells from the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia on imatinib sensitivity of K562 cells and cellcycle. METHODS:The co-culture model was constructed by co-culturing K562 cells with bone marrow stromal cells isolated and cultured from the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The IC50 values of K562 cells exposed to imatinib were quantified by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates of K562 cells exposed to 0.5μmol/L imatinib for 72 hours were detected by flow cytometry through Annexin V-FIT/PI labeling. The cellcycles, cellcycle protein (cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) expression of K562 cells co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells for 72 hours were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The IC50 values of co-culture group and suspension culture group were respectively (0.52±0.02)μmol/L and (1.27±0.05)μmol/L, and their comparison showed significant differences (P<0.01). After 72 hours of treatment with 0.5μmol/L imatinib, the apoptotic rates in the co-culture group and suspension culture group were respectively (15.48±4.17)%and (32.01±6.83)%, and their comparison showed significant differences (P<0.01). The percentages of G0-G1 phase of K562 cells co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells for 72 hours were (48.81±8.27)%, which were significantly higher than the suspension culture group (25.78±3.26%) (P<0.01). The co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells from the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia could mediate K562 cells resistance to imatinib. The mechanism was possibly related with G0/G1 arrest of K562 cells induced by co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the differential characteristics of the AMA-M2 autoantibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and non-PBC patients.

METHODSPatients with abnormal liver function at the Capital Medical University affiliated to Beijing You-an Hospital were enrolled in this study between January 2011 and December 2013. Serum levels of ANA, AMA and AMA-M2 were detected by indirect fluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients' clinical data was obtained for retrospective analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16.0 software. Enumeration data have been presented as numbers and percentages, and were analyzed using the chi-square test and one-way ANOVA test.

RESULTSOf the 5315 patients with abnormal liver function, 15.3% (811/5315) were AMA-M2 positive patients; among those 811 patients, 78.4% (636) had PBC, 4.4% (36) had PBC overlapping with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 4.4% (36) had drug-induced liver injury, 6.5% (53) had hepatitis B, 3.3% (27) had hepatitis C, 0.6% (5) had hepatitis E, 0.9% (7) had alcoholic liver disease, 0.5% (4) had non-alcoholic fatty liver, 0.8% (6) had primary hepatic carcinoma, and 0.1% (1) had infectious mononucleosis. Serum AMA-M2 level was significantly higher in the PBC patients (vs. other groups, P less than 0.001) with the exception of the patients with PBC/AIH overlap syndrome. Among the 811 patients with AMA-M2 positivity, 88.5% (718) showed AMA positivity and 91.1% (739) showed ANA positivity. Serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) levels were significantly higher in the drag-induced liver injury patients (527.74+/-684.65 U/L, 490.60+/-716.89 U/L) and the hepatitis E patients (1015.94 ± 165.55 U/L, 665.4 ± 297.14 U/L) than in the PBC patients (96.02 ± 115.56 U/L, 94.82 ± 83.32 U/L) (ALT: F =8.041, P < 0.001, P < 0.001; AST: F =8.066, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 265.16 ± 179.08 U/L) and glutamyl transferase (GGT; 332.02 ± 279.29 U/L) were significantly higher in the PBC patients than in the hepatitis B patients (135.35 ± 123.17 U/L, 140.27 ± 229.24 U/L) and the hepatitis C patients (85.65 ± 27.77 U/L, 92.70 ± 125.72 U/L) (ALP: F=3.911, P =0.01, P=0.001; GGT: F=4.081, P <0.001, P < 0.001). The serum IgM level was significantly higher in the PBC patients (4.60 ± 2.67 g/L) than in the patients with drug-induced liver injury (1.76 ± 1.15 g/L), hepatitis B (2.02 ± 1.41 g/L), hepatitis C (1.48 ± 0.92 g/L), hepatitis E (1.40 ± 0.68 g/L), alcoholic liver disease (1.57 ± 1.07 g/L), non-alcoholic fatty liver (1.05 ± 0.72 g/L), and primary hepatic carcinoma (2.64 ± 2.26 g/L) (F=16.83, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, Probability value < 0.001, Probability value < 0.05, Probability value < 0.01, Probability value < 0.05 respectively).

CONCLUSIONAlthough detection of serum AMA-M2 is an important feature of PBC diagnostic testing,there is a high ratio of serum AMA-M2 detected in patients with drug-induced liver injury, hepatitis B, C and E, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver,and primary hepatic carcinoma. The AMA-M2 positive non-PBC patients still require close observation to watch for future development of PBC.

Autoantibodies ; Beijing ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate changes in sperm chromosome and sperm DNA integrity of infertile males.

METHODSThe level of DNA fragmentation was determined by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test in infertile males with idiopathic severe oligoasthenozoospermia (ISOA, n= 19), couples with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (URM, n= 38) and adult healthy fertile men (control group, n= 32). Multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with probes specific for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y in the control group (n= 5), the ISOA (n= 10) and the URM (n= 12).

RESULTSPatients with ISOA and URM showed a significantly higher abnormality with total rate of 4.02% (n= 19) and 3.91%(n= 38) for chromosomes 13, 18 and 21, and 2.03%, 1.98% for chromosomes X and Y, respectively, in their spermatozoa compared to control (1.29% and 0.61%, P< 0.01). A significantly higher proportion of total sperm DNA fragmentation was detected in patients with ISOA (40.7%+/- 17.8%) and URM (22.1%+/- 10.3%) of sperm compared to the control group (12.1%+/- 5.2%, P< 0.01). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the rate of sperm chromosomal aberration and the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation (gamma = 0.874, P< 0.01, n= 27). There were significant correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm density, sperm motility and abnormal sperm (gamma = - 0.571, gamma = - 0.616 and gamma = 0.637, respectively, P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe result indicates that spermatozoa from patients with ISOA and URM contain greater DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aneuploidy and may lead to male infertility. Screening for sperm DNA damage may provide useful information in the diagnosis of male idiopathic infertility.

Abortion, Habitual ; pathology ; Adult ; Chromatin ; metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the laboratory and clinical features of anemia in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the patients who were hospitalized in Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from December 2020 to May 2021 and were found to have anemia based on reticulocyte hemoglobin (Hb) content (Ret-He) and whole blood cell analysis, and 106 patients with the discharge diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis who had no history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or blood transfusion were screened out as subjects. Clinical features and related influencing factors were retrospectively analyzed based on the severity of anemia, the cytomorphological classification of anemia, and Ret-He. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the SNK- q test and the least significant difference t -test were used for further comparison between two groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation of different classification criteria for anemia with laboratory markers and clinical features. Results Among the 106 patients, there were 103 male patients (97.2%), with a mean age of 55.07±10.18 years and a mean Hb level of 87.16±18.55 g/L; there were 49 patients (46.2%) with mild anemia, 49 (46.2%) with moderate anemia, and 8(7.5%) with severe anemia; mean Ret-He was 33.65(13.3-46.4) pg, and there were 33 patients (31.1%) with ≤29 pg and 73 patients (68.9%) with Ret-He > 29 pg; among these patients, 46(43.4%) had macrocytic anemia, 34(32.1%) had normocytic anemia, 2(1.9%) had simple microcytic anemia, and 24 (22.6%) had microcytic hypochromic anemia; among these patients, 87(82.1%) had ascites and/or intra-abdominal infection, 82(77.4%) had splenomegaly and/or hypersplenism, 65(61.3%) had esophageal and gastric varices, and 31(29.2%) had hepatic encephalopathy. Compared with the control group (moderate/severe anemia), the mild anemia group had significantly higher Ret-He, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular-hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron (SI), and transferrin saturation (TS) (all P < 0.05), a significantly higher proportion of patients with Ret-He > 29 pg (83.7% vs 56.1%, P =0.002) or normocytic anemia (44.9% vs 21.1%, P =0.009), a significantly lower unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) ( P < 0.05), and a significantly lower proportion of patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia (6.1% vs 36.8%, P < 0.05). Compared with the microcytic anemia group, the macrocytic anemia group had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Hb, and proportion of patients with ascites and/or intra-abdominal infection (91.3% vs 65.4%, P c < 0.05) and a significantly lower proportion of patients with severe anemia (2.2% vs 19.2 %, P c < 0.05) or esophageal and gastric varices (52.2% vs 84.6%, P c < 0.05); the macrocytic anemia group had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and AST/ALT ratio than the microcytic anemia group and the normocytic anemia group (all P c < 0.05); the microcytic anemia group had a significantly lower proportion of patients with mild anemia than the macrocytic anemia group and the normocytic anemia group, as well as a significantly higher proportion of patients with moderate anemia than the normocytic anemia group (all P c < 0.05); compared with the other two groups, the macrocytic anemia group had significantly higher Ret-He, MCV, MCH, MCHC, SI, and TS (all P c < 0.05) and significantly lower total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and UIBC (all P c < 0.05). Compared with the Ret-He > 29 pg group, the Ret-He ≤29 pg group had significantly lower Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, SI, TS, and proportion of patients with mild anemia or ascites and/or intra-abdominal infection (all P < 0.05), a significantly higher UIBC ( P < 0.05), and a significantly higher proportion of patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia or esophageal and gastric varices ( P < 0.05). Hb, Ret-He, MCV, MCH, MCHC, UIBC, SI, and TS were correlated with the severity of anemia, the cytomorphological classification of anemia, and iron deficiency (all P < 0.05), and esophageal and gastric varices and ascites and/or abdominal infection were correlated with the cytomorphological classification of anemia and iron deficiency (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The degree of anemia is mostly mild and moderate in the decompensated stage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and macrocytic anemia and normocytic anemia are more common. The incidence rate of iron deficiency increases with the severity of anemia, and esophageal and gastric varices and ascites and/or intra-abdominal infection are correlated with the cytomorphological classification of anemia and iron deficiency; therefore, it is necessary to enhance the monitoring of iron deficiency anemia in such patients in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To establish the de tection method for the adulteration of Bupleurum marginatum in Ganmao qingre granules，and to determine the adulteration limit . METHODS HPLC-MS/MS method was used to detect the content of nepasaikosaponin K in commercial and self -made samples of Ganmao qingre granules ，using electrospray ionization ，and the analysis was carried out under multiple reaction monitoring model in negative mode with m/z 943.6→635.5 as the quantitative ion pair. The calculation method was established for the adulteration proportion of B. marginatum in Ganmao qingre granules . Taking nepasaikosaponin K as the index ，the adulteration limit was determined . RESULTS The linear range of nepasaikosaponin K were 0.051-20.200 μg/mL（r＝0.999 1）. RSDs of precision ，repeatability and stability （24 h）tests were all lower than 2.50%. The average recoveries were 97.58%（RSD＝2.09%，n＝9）. The limit of detection was 0.60 μg/g，the limit of quantitation was 1.80 μg/g. The adulteration ratio of B. marginatum in Ganmao qingre granules had a good linear relationship to the peak area of nepasaikosaponin K in the range of 5%-100%（r＝0.990 9）. The contents of nepasaikosaponin K in 15 batches of Ganmao qingre granules were 2.584-56.661 μg/g. One batch of samples exceeded the proposed adulteration limit （10%），and the unqualified rate was 6.67%. CONCLUSIONS The established analytical method can be used to detect the adulteration of B. marginatum in Ganmao qinggre granules ，the proposed adulteration limit is 10%.

Objective: To describe the status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. Methods: This study was based on the National Key Research and Development Program of "National Precision Medicine Cohort of Esophageal Cancer" and "Study on Identification and Prevention of High-risk Populations of Gastrointestinal Malignancies (Esophageal cancer, Gastric cancer and Colorectal cancer)" . From January 2017 to August 2018, 212 villages or communities with a high incidence of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer were selected from 12 regions in 6 provinces. A total of 35 910 residents aged between 40 and 69 years old who met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent were investigated and enrolled in this study. The use of NSAIDs, demographic characteristics, health-related habits, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected by the questionnaire and physical examination. The status of main NSAIDs (aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen) use with the difference varying in genders, age groups and regions were analyzed by using χ² test and Cochran-Armitage trend analysis method. Results: Of 35 910 subjects, the mean age was (54.6±7.1) years old and males accounted for 43.42% (15 591). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.56% (1 638), but it significantly varied in different provinces (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.87% (1 750) in females, which was significantly higher than that in males 4.24% (1 524) (P<0.001). The prevalence of NSAIDs intake increased with age (P for trend <0.001). As the frequency of NSAIDs intake increased, the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal ulcers and black stools increased (P for trend <0.05 for all). Conclusion The use of NSAIDs is prevalent in some areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. The increased use of NSAIDs may lead to more adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract.