Objective To explore whether or not multi-drug resistance could be reversed by RNA interference the expression of Topo Ⅱα gene in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. Methods (1) The best silent small interference RNA (siRNA) of Topo Ⅱα gene was designed and chose and cloned into psilencer4, 1-CMV-neo vector. The psilencer4. 1-CMV-neo-Topo Ⅱα was transfected into SKOV3/DDP cell, then Topo Ⅱα siRNA (+) SKOV3/DDP cells was incubated. (2) The Tope Ⅱα mRNA and protein expression of the stability-transfecting cell lines were detected by RT-PCR and western blot method, respectively. The resistance index, the cell cycle and the cellular content of cisplatin were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, the flow cytometry and high performance liquid chromatography method before and after Topo Ⅱα RNA interference in cells. Results (1) The Topo Ⅱα gene expression level in SKOV3/DDP cells could be inhibited after the plasmid DNA psilencer4, 1-CMV-neo-Topo Ⅱα transfeced. The expression level of Tope Ⅱα mRNA in Topo Ⅱα siRNA(+)SKOV3/DDP and SKOV3/DDP cells were 0 and 0.92±0.08; the expression level of Topo Ⅱα protein in Topo Ⅱα siRNA (+) SKOV3/DDP and SKOV3/DDP cells were 0.51±0. 04 and 1.95±0.09 (P<0.01). (2) The multi-drug resistance index of Topo Ⅱα siRNA (+) SKOV3/DDP cell was significantly lower compared with that in SKOV3/DDP cell (3.46 vs 5.05, P<0.05). (3) The percentage of G_0/G_1 and G_2/M phase cell in Topo Ⅱα siRNA(+) SKOV3/DDP cells were higher than that in SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.05). (4) The content of cisplatin in Topo Ⅱα siRNA(+)SKOV3/DDP cells treated with cisplatin for 24 hours was significantly higher than that in SKOV3/DDP cell (157.20 vs 63.99 ng, P<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that the tolerance of cisplatin would be reversed by blocking the Topo Ⅱα gene expression in cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Aim To synthesize 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and investigate its mechanisms and inhibition effect on hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and e antigen ( HBeAg) in HepG2.2.15 cells.Methods 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was synthesized based on the chemical structure of Rhein , and its structure was identified by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra.MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein on HepG2.2.15 cells.After the cells treatment by 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the HBsAg and HBeAg in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA .The expres-sion of hepatitis B virus X gene ( HBx) was detected by Western blot .The cell cycles were examined with flow cytometry.The intracellular free calcium concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy . Results The structure of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was confirmed by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.MTT results showed that synthetic product and Rhein could inhibit the cell proliferation in HepG2.2.15 cells.After trea-ted with 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and Rhein for 72 h,the half inhibitory concentration 50%( IC50 ) was 14.29 mg? L-1 and 11.59 mg? L-1 , respectively .Using non-cytotoxic dose of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the inhibitory effect on HBsAg and HBeAg was gradually enhanced with increasing 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein concentration . The inhibitory effect of synthetic product on hepatitis B virus was better than that of Rhein .8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein could down-regulate the expression of HBx , in-tracellular calcium ion concentration and block the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) replication.Flow cytometry results showed 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein didn′t affect the cell cycle .Conclusions Compare with Rhein , the synthesis of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein shows stronger inhi-bition on hepatitis B virus in HepG2.2.15, and its mechanisms may involve down-regulating the expres-sion of HBx and reducing calcium ion concentration .

Objective:The aim of this study was to identify fibrinogen ( FG ) on the development of intimal hyperplasia ( IH ), using an organ culture model. Methods：Segments(n=9 ) of human saphenous vein ( HSV ) wereharvested during coronary artery or infrainguinal vein bypass surgery. The culture medium supplemented with FG (from0 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml ). The proliferation of smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) quantified by 5′-Bromodeoxyuridine (5′-BrdU) uptake in the final four days of the culture period. Histologic analysis and computerized morphometric analysis were used to determine intimal and medial thickness and area，then the intima/media thickness ratio and intima/media area ratio were calculated. Monoclonal antibodies to 5′-BrdU were used as an immunohistochemical maker for proliferating SMC. Results：Addition of FG ( 2.5 mg/ml ) to the cultured medium caused a significant increase in median ( range ) of intima/media thickness ratio and intima/media area ratio of these segments when compared with the normal cultured vein segments ( Wilcoxon paired rank test )：0.387versus 0.215（P=0.017 ）and 0.396 versus 0.229（P=0.015 ），respectively. Addition of FG ( 5.0 mg/ml ) to the cultured medium also caused a significant increase in median ( range ) of intima/media thickness ratio and intima/media area ratio of these segments when compared with the normal cultured vein segments: 0.421 versus 0.215（P=0.008 ）and 0.382 versus 0.229 （P=0.011 ），respectively. However，there were no significant differences in the two vein segments which 2.5 mg/ml or 5.0 mg/ml FG in cultured medium (P>0.05 ).In addition, there was no significant difference in the median ( range ) of intima/media thickness ratio and intima/media area ratio of the segments which FG ( 0.5 mg/ml ) in cultured medium when compared with the normal cultured vein segments ( P>0.05 ). These were supported by SMC proliferation index using staining with 5′-BrdU. Conclusion：High concentration FG at local preianastimotic area may an important factor for IH and early postoprative vein graft restenosis or occlusion.

Objective:To investigate epidemiological characteristics of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions in an arsenic tailing area in Hunan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. From October 2016 to January 2017, all residents aged over 18 years (except pregnant women) were enrolled from 3 villages in Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province by using a cluster-sampling method. Demographic information was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire interview. All residents received skin examination performed by professional dermatologists, and blood, urine, and hair samples were collected for the measurement of arsenic levels. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions.Results:A total of 1 092 eligible residents in the arsenic tailing area were recruited in this study, and 756 (69.2%, 95% CI: 66.5%, 72.0%) presented with arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions, including hyperkeratosis, hypo- or hyper-pigmentation. The median ( Q1, Q3) arsenic levels were 0.31 (0.14, 0.74) μg/g in hair samples ( n = 1 079), 0.84 (0.67, 1.10) μg/L in blood samples ( n =1 091), and 60.31 (41.71, 91.52) μg/L in urine samples ( n =1 092). Multivariable analysis showed that the occurrence of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions was associated with age, residential location, and occupational arsenic exposure history, but was not associated with gender, ethnicity, education levels, migration history, arsenic levels in hair, blood, or urine. Compared with the group aged 18 - 39 years, the group aged 40 - 59 years and the group aged over 60 years showed significantly higher risks of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions (adjusted OR = 11.34, 95% CI: 5.98, 21.50, P < 0.001; adjusted OR = 71.82, 95% CI: 35.81, 144.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with the residents in the Wangyangqiao village, residents in the Heshan village and Huangchang village showed significantly higher risks of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions (adjusted OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.08, P < 0.001; adjusted OR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.94, 8.78, P < 0.001, respectively). The risk of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions was significantly higher in residents with occupational exposure history than in those without (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.83, P = 0.039) . Conclusion:Nearly 70% of the residents presented with arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions in an arsenic tailing area in Hunan Province, and the duration and previous degree of arsenic exposure were associated with the risk of arsenic poisoning-related skin lesions.

According to the new biopsychosocial medical model,status and burden of diseases should be evaluated comprehensively,and health-related quality of life can be an important measurement index of the burden of diseases.Conventional assessment methods for health-related quality of life include interval-based assessment methods and preference-based assessment methods (health utilities and willingness-to-pay).This review introduces willingness-to-pay,and summarizes its applications in skin diseases.However,at present,only a small quantity of small-scale studies are available on willingness-to-pay,with only a few kinds of skin diseases involved.In the application of health-economic assessment of skin diseases,willingness-to-pay can serve as an approximate index of benefit gains,and be more valuable in practice than health utilities (the index of utility gains).With the increase in health-economic researches on skin diseases,more attention is paid to the willingness-to-pay for skin diseases and other health-economic assessment methods,and large-scale health-economic assessment-related researches are expected to be conducted on more kinds of skin diseases.