OBJECTIVETo develop a method for determination of mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in urine by reagent-free ion chromatography.

METHODSIon chromatography was performed on an AS19 column with a gradient elution solution containing 10-35 mmoL/L KOH at a flow rate of 1.00 ml/min, and MA and PGA were detected at ultraviolet wavelengths of 225 nm and 254 nm, respectively. The samples were diluted 10 times with purified water, then purified on a silver column to remove high concentrations of chloride ion, and injected after being filtered through a 0.2-µm m filter membrane.

RESULTSThe recoveries of standard addition of MA and PGA were 96.5% and 99.3%, respectively, with both relative standard deviations less than 5.0%. Good linear relationships were noted in the range of 1.0-100.0 mg/L for both MA and PGA (r >0.9995). The detection limits of MA and PGA were 0.02 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, respectively; the minimum detectable concentrations of MA and PGA were 0.2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L (when the sampling amount was 5.0 ml and diluted to 50.0 ml with water, and the injection volume was 300 µL).

CONCLUSIONSThis method is fast, convenient, and highly sensitive and selective. It can be used for the analysis of MA and PGA in the urine of styrene-exposed workers.

A series of cycloberberine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer activities in vitro. Among these analogs, compounds 6c, 6e and 6g showed strong inhibition on human HepG2 cells. They afforded a potent effect against DOX-resistant MCF-7 breast cells as well. The primary mechanism showed that cell cycle was blocked at G2/M phase of HepG2 cells treated with 6g using flow cytometry assay. It significantly inhibited the activity of DNA Top I at the concentration of 0.1 mg mL-1. Our results provided a basis for the development of this kind of compounds as novel anti-cancer agents.

Aim To investigate the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis and the suppression of VEGF expression in cancer cells by sodium caffeate (SCA). Methods Apoptosis of transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304 cell line) was detected by flow cytometry, DNA electrophoresis assay and morphological assessment. Western blotting analysis was applied for determination of VEGF expression in cancer cells. Substrate degradation by type Ⅳ collagenase was measured by zymography.ELISA was used to detect the binding of type Ⅳ collagenase with relevant monoclonal antibody. Results SCA induced ECV304 cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After treatment with 100 and fluorescence and distinct changes of nuclear morphology, such as pyknosis and the occurrence of apoptotic bodies. VEGF expression in hepatoma HepG-2 cells and prostate carcinoma DU145 cells was reduced after SCA treatment. The degradation activity of type Ⅳ collagenase including MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted by giant cell pulmonary carcinoma PG cells was inhibited by SCA in a dose-dependent manner. SCA also reduced the binding of mAb 3D6, a relevant monoclonal antibody, to type Ⅳ collagenase. Conclusion SCA can induce endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibit VEGF expression as well as type Ⅳ collagenase activity in cancer cells. SCA might be active in modulating tumor angiogenesis and the microenvironment.

A series of novel N-(2-arylethyl) isoquinoline derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer activities. Among these analogs, compound 9a exhibited the potential anti-cancer activities on HepG2 and HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 2.52 and 1.99 microg x mL(-1), respectively. Cell cycle was blocked at S phase of HepG2 cells treated with 9a by flow cytometry detection. Our results provided a basis for the development of a new series of anti-cancer candidates.

Objective:To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of vitamin D supplementation on testicular function in aging rats induced by D-galactose.Methods:The aging rats were induced by D-galactose with subcutaneous injection. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups: aging rats (DG), aging rats with low-dose vitamin D supplementation (LD), aging rats with high-dose vitamin D supplementation (HD), normal control rats(NC), normal rats with low-dose vitamin D supplementation(LN), normal rats with high-dose vitamin D supplementation (HN). The body weight, testicular weight, serum testosterone concentrations and sperm quality of the rats in each group were measured. The testis morphological changes were detected using light microscopy. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined with spectrophotometer. The expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, SOD2 and VDR in testis were detected by western blot.Results:At baseline, compared with NC group, testicular weight, serum testosterone level, SOD activity, Nrf2, GCLC and SOD2 expression levels were significantly decreased in DG group, while MDA level was significantly increased. After vitamin D supplementation, testicular weight, testosterone levels and SOD activity in both of HD and LD groups were significantly increased, while the MDA level was significantly decreased. The expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, SOD2 and VDR were significantly increased.Conclusion:Vitamin D supplementation may enhance the testicular antioxidant capacity through activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, and improve the testicular function in D-galactose-induced aging rats.

Objective:To analyze the literature on stigma of foreign patients with epilepsy, to understand the research hotspots and research frontiers in this field, and to provide reference for the research in this field in China.Methods:The data was analyzed by HistCite software by searching the "Web of Science TM Core Collection" database. Results:A total of 740 related articles were retrieved, and the number of publications was on the rise. Jacoby A was a high-yielding author. The EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR journals had the largest number of publications. The United States and the United Kingdom were leading in this field. The research institutes were mainly universities. The research hotspots focus on four aspects: research population, quality of life, knowledge attitude, and influencing factors.Conclusion:The study of stigma in patients with epilepsy is receiving increasing attention from the international community, but there is still a large gap between China and the leading countries in this field. Domestic scholars can learn from foreign research directions and methods to explore the level of stigma, influencing factors and effective intervention programs to provide patients with better treatment results and improve patient quality of life.

Objective To compare the ultrasound signs of symptomatic joint lesions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gouty arthritis (GA), musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) was utilized.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 85 hospitalized patients with RA and 55 hospitalized patients with GA in the same period, and the differences in general data, diseased joints and ultrasound signs between the two groups were compared.Re-sults The gender, age and diseased joints of the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The de-tection rate of knee joint lesions was the highest;the RA group had high sensitivity, high specificity of meniscal in-jury, and high diagnostic efficiency of bone erosion, while the diagnostic performance of the three combined ultra-sound signs of punctate strong echo, double track sign and tophi in the GA group was higher than that of any indi-vidual diagnosis, and the sensitivity and specificity were also higher.The course of disease in the RA group was positively correlated with bone erosion (P<0.05) , and the course in the GA group was positively correlated with tophi (P<0.05).Conclusion The ultrasound signs of RA and GA are different, and MSUS has good value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the two.

Objective:Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury in vulnerable populations at risks by using indoor air filtration units.Methods:We conducted a randomized crossover trial for 2 separate 2-week air filtration interventions in 20 households of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their partners in the winter of 2013,with concurrent measurements of indoor PM.The changes in biomarkers indicative of cardiac injury,atherosclerosis progression and systemic inflammation following intervention were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.Results:In the analysis,average levels of indoor PM with aerodynamic diameters＜2.5 μm(PM2.5)decreased significantly by 59.2％(from 59.6 to 24.3 μg/m3,P＜0.001)during the active air filtration.The reduction was accompanied by improvements in levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I by-84.6％(95％confidence interval[CI]:-90.7 to-78.6),growth differentiation factor-15 by-48.1％(95％CI:-31.2 to-25.6),osteoprotegerin by-65.4％(95％CI:-56.5 to-18.7),interleukin-4 by-46.6％(95％CI:-62.3 to-31.0)and myeloperoxidase by-60.3％(95％CI:-83.7 to-3.0),respectively.Conclusion:Indoor air filtration intervention may provide potential cardiovascular benefits in vulnerable popu-lations at risks.

Taking 12-N-p-chlorobenzyl sophoridinol 2 as a lead, a series of novel sophoridinic derivatives with various 3'-substituents at the 11-side chain were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity from sophoridine (1), a natural antitumor medicine. Among them, the sophoridinic ketones 5a-b, alkenes 7a-b and sophoridinic amines 14a-b displayed reasonable antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 3.8 to 5.4 μmol/L. Especially, compounds 5a and 7b exhibited an equipotency in both adriamycin (AMD)-susceptible and resistant MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, indicating a different mechanism from AMD. The primary mechanism of action of 5a was to arrest the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, consistent with that of parent compound 1. Thus, we consider 12-chlorobenzyl sophoridinic derivatives with a tricyclic scaffold to be a new class of promising antitumor agents with an advantage of inhibiting drug-resistant cancer cells.