Objective To explore the effect of biliary stenting combined with ademetionine on malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods According to the digital table,60 patients of malignant obstructive jaundice were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with biliary stenting individually,and the observation group received biliary stenting and combined treatment with ademeotionine.The variety of liver function and C-reactive protein were observed.Results The liver function and index of Creactive protein of patients in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion The treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice by biliary stenting combined with ademetionine is effective.The mechanism may be related to the effect of ademetionine on promoting cytothesis,glutathione synthesis and eliminating free-radicals.

Objective To evaluate intra-biliary tunnel electro-resection and aspiration approach during ERCP for severe biliary stricture.MethodsA total of 14 patients with severe benign or malignant biliary stricture,which failed in previous ERCP,were recruited. First the guide wire was passed gently through the narrow segment under fluoroscopy,then the double-lumen needle knife was placed near the stricture and wire cutter was protruded.The tunnel electro-resection and aspiration was performed along the guide wire until the narrow segment could be passed through under fluoroscopy by the expanding balloon dilator for the following procedures.ResultsOf 14 patients with severe biliary strictnres,electro-resection and aspiration procedure were successful in 12 (85.7％).Metal stents were implanted in all 7 patients with malignant biliary strictures.Plastic stents were placed after balloon dilatation in 5 patients with benign stenosis.Three out of 5 patients received double plastic stents,while the two others only needed a single plastic stent.The procedure was failed in 2 patients ( 14.3％ ) with malignant biliary strictures as hilar cholangiocarcinoma invaded the left and right hepatic duct,forming a right angle in biliary stenosis,so that needle knife could not go through,and the following procedure was aborted.There were no severe complications like massive bleeding,perforation or death observed.ConclusionThe intra-biliary tunnel electro-resection and aspiration approach can significantly increase the success rate of ERCP in severe biliary strictures.

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-coagulation effect and mechanism of fibrinolytic enzyme SNFE in sipuculus nudus, and provide reference for further development of SNFE. METHODS:40 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(nor-mal saline),Xueshuantong group(positive control,15 mg/kg)and SNFE low-dose,high-dose group(15,30 mg/kg),10 in each group. After intravenous injection in tail,tail bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) were respectively determined to investi-gate the anti-coagulation effect of SNFE. After taking blood in abdominal aorta of rats,test was divided into blank control group, positive control group and SNFE low-mass concentration,medium-mass concentration,high-mass concentration groups (0.25, 0.50,1.00 mg/mL). Prothrombin time(PT),re-calcium time(PRT)(using orokinase as positive drug,100000 U/mL),and max-mum platelet aggregation rate (PAG) in 5 min under adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inducer (using asprin as positive drug,0.50 mg/mL) were respectively determined,and anti-coagulation effect mechanism of SNFE was analyzed. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,BT,CT of mice in each group were prolonged,with statistical significance in Xueshuantong group and SNFE high-dose group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Plasma PT of rats in positive control group,SNFE medium-dose,high-dose groups and PRT in each administration group were significantly prolonged(P<0.05 or P<0.01);and PAG in administration group was signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The fibrinolytic enzyme SNFE in sipuculus nudus can play its anti-coagulant effect by inhibiting the activity of coagulation factors in internal and external sources and ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of caffeic acid in Laggera alata,and establish a method for its content determination. METHODS:The caffeic acid in L. alata was extracted by reflux extraction. Using extraction content as inves-tigation index,orthogonal test was used to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,material-liquid ratio and extraction time on caffeic acid,and the extraction technology conditions were optimized. HPLC was adopted to determine the content of caffe-ic acid in 10 batches of L. alata from different areas,using caffeic acid as reference substance,at wavelength of 320 nm. RE-SULTS:The optimized extraction technology conditions were as follows as ethanol volume fraction of 10%,material-liquid ratio of 1 : 40 and extraction time of 3 h. Under the condition,verification test for caffeic acid was carried out,and the average content of caffeic acid in L. alata was 0.5211 mg/g(RSD=1.18%,n=3). The content of caffeic acid in 10 batches of L. alata from dif-ferent areas ranged in 0.3752-0.7766 mg/g,and the content showed great differences. CONCLUSIONS:The content of caffeic ac-id in L. alata is related to area and harvest season. The caffeic acid extration by optimized technology shows good reproducibility;and the established method for content determination is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE：To inv estigate the tonifying blood effects of different extract parts of Embelia parviflora on blood deficiency model mice ，and to explore its mechanism. METHOD S：Totally 70 mice were randomly divided into blank control group（water），model control group （water），positive control group （Danggui buxue oral liquid ，324 g/kg），petroleum ether ， ethyl acetate ，n-butanol and water parts of E. parviflora groups（4.2，10.64，22.07，5.0 g/kg respectively ，calculated by the extractum），with 10 mice in each group. The mice were given medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 14 d. Except for blank control group ，other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide （80 mg/kg）on 12th and 13th day of starting administration to induce blood deficiency model. 30 min after last administration ，automatic hematology analyzer was used to detect the levels of peripheral hemogram indexes （WBC，RBC，HCT，PLT，HGB）；the levels of IL- 2，IL-3，IL-6，EPO， G-CSF，M-CSF and VCAM- 1 were determined by ELISA ；thymus and spleen indexes were calculated. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，peripheral hemogram indexes levels ，serum levels of IL- 2，IL-3，IL-6，EPO，G-CSF，M-CSF，VCAM-1 and thymus index were decreased significantly ，while spleen index was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group，there was no statistical significance in above indexes of mice in petroleum ether part of E. parviflora group（P＞0.05）. The levels of RBC ，HGB，PLT，the serum levels of IL- 2，IL-6，G-CSF，M-CSF，VCAM-1 and thymus index in ethyl acetate part of E. parviflora group were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while there was no statistical significance in other indexes （P＞0.05）. Except for no significant increase of WBC in water part of E. parviflora group，above peripheral hemogram indexes ， serum indexes and thymus index of n-butanol group and water part of E. parviflora group were increased significantly while spleen index was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：The ethyl acetate ，n-butanol and water parts of E. parviflora can improve immunological function and the expression of hematopoietic factors in blood deficiency model mice ，and shows certain blood tonifying effects.

A series of new monobactam sulfonates is continuously synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial efficacies against Gram-negative bacteria. Compound 33a (IMBZ18G) is highly effective in vitro and in vivo against clinically intractable multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative strains, with a highly druglike nature. The checkerboard assay reveals its significant synergistic effect with β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam, and the MIC values against MDR enterobacteria were reduced up to 4-512 folds. X-ray co-crystal and chemoproteomic assays indicate that the anti-MDR bacteria effect of 33a results from the dual inhibition of the common PBP3 and some class A and C β-lactamases. Accordingly, preclinical studies of 33a alone and 33a‒avibactam combination as potential innovative candidates are actively going on, in the treatment of β-lactamase-producing MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections.