Objective Mikulicz's disease (MD) was considered to be a subtype of Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS) due to the clinical and histological similarities between them.Evidence had shown that there were differences between MD and typical SS.The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between MD and SS,by means of analyzing the expression of IgG4 in salivary glands and the clinical characteristics of patients who were previously considered as SS.Methods The paraffin sections of salivary glands from SS patients were stained with monoclonal antibodies to IgG4 and CD38.Patients were divided into two groups based on the pathological results.Analysis of the symptoms,the signs and the laboratory results were carried out in these patients.The difference in laboratory parameters and histopathological gradings in the two groups was analyzed.Normal and abnormal distributed data comparison was conducted using random independent samples t-test and rank sum test respectively.Two-sample rates were compared with Chi-square test.Results Based on immunohistochemistry of IgG4 distribution,the 58 patients with SS were divided into two groups:IgG4 related (9 cases) and non-IgG4 related (49 cases).Histopat-hologically,IgG4 related cases showed IgG4+ plasma cells/IgG+ plasma cells infiltration and there were more IgG4 related monoclonal antibody expressed when compared to IgG4 unrelated cases.In addition,there were also significant differences in clinical features between the two groups.IgG4 related disease was associated with male gender,higher level of plateletconnt,lymphocytes [(2.4±0.8)×109/L vs (1.4±0.7) ×109/L] count and CRP [(52±60) mg/L vs (15±17) mg/L] levels and lower titer of IgM [(1.2±0.7) g/L vs (1.8±0.8) g/L],antinuclear antibody (56％ vs 87％) and anti-SSB antibodies (13％ vs 54％) (P＜0.05),when compared with IgG4-unrelated cases.There was no significant difference in other indicators (P＞0.05).Conclusion The present study has demonstrated that some of the MD patients misdiagnosed as SS.Some of the laboratory tests such as the level of platelet and lymphocyte count,serum level of CRP,IgM,antinuclear antibody,anti-SSB antibodies,the serum levels of IgG4 and the histopathological presentations in the salivary gland are different between these two disorders.Because of good response to steroid in MD,so laboratory tests and pathological examinations for IgG4 can help to avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol(Res) on neonatal rat cardiomyocyte lesion induced by hypoxia. Methods The cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were cultured in vitro and the model of cardiomyocytes hypoxia was established. The cardiomyocyte vitalities were determined by MTT assay. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258 fluorescent staining. The levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were measured as well. Results After the administration of hypoxia for 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours, the cardiomyocyte inhibitory was(22.13?3.22)%, (29.75?0.34)%, (37.43?6.42)% and (45.47?7.32)%, respectively. After the administration of hypoxia for 24 hours, the typical morphologic changes of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes were showed.The intracellular GSH-Px activity decreased from(46.96?8.36)U/ml to(27.13?4.76)U/ml (P

Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, which evaluates the behavioral response of animals through expanding the intestinal tract, is the most widely used method to assess animal's visceral sensitivity in recent years.However, as AWR experimental operation involves many factors, it''s hard to find a commonly recognized operating procedure.Through review of literature of AWR experimental measuring methods, this article summarizes the basic steps of AWR operation.Meanwhile, it scrutinizes the differences of various measuring methods in relevant factors, including expansion method and airbag method, with special operating suggestions to them.Hopefully, this article will provide an option to future researchers who will use this method to evaluate animal''s visceral sensitivity, and provide a necessary foundation for the standardization of the experimental operation.

Objective To optimize the preparation of air bag materials for abdominal withdrawal reflex test.Methods To measure the diameters of different pressue-air bags by digital vernier caliper and X ray imaging.Using the pain threshold (3 points) as a criterion to test the pressure values of different air bags in the rats with corresponding visceral pain sensitivity.Results With the increasing pressure, the changes of the diameter of round latex balloon were uniform and gentle, and could meet the pressure range used in the experiment (20~80 mmHg).The threshold of visceral pain in rats was near the nociceptive stimulus value,and would not cause irreversible damage to the rat intestinal tract.Conclusions Air bag made from round latrex ballon is an ideal tool to be used in abdominal withdrawal reflex test in rats.

Surgical shunt is still an effective method in managing portal hypertension related gastrointestinal bleeding.To minimize the invasive trauma and adverse effect on transplantation remains to be the unsolved problem.Herein we present the use of a newly designed surgical shunt to cure massive refractory gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in a patient,who was critically ill because of the extensive thrombus in portal venous system.The procedure is named gastrojugular shunt.For the sake of its simple operation and effective outcome,the procedure was performed on four other patients.All the patients were well treated and recovered uneventfully with good follow up results.

Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, accompanied by repetitive behaviors. Little is known about the causes and contributing factors for autism. It is difficult to prevent and cure, and has become a globe public health problem. With the development in the prevalence of autism, the idea how the environmental factors cause the autism, gains all attentions. Summarizing latest epidemiological studies and experimental evidence, this review is focused on the effect of environmental factors, including air pollutant, heavy metal and pesticides, and discussed the relation between environmental risk factors and autism. The results showed that risks of autism in children may increase following in prenatal exposure to air pollutants, heavy metal and pesticides. It is needed to do the research on the mechanism of environmental risk factor and autism for more prevention, treatment and control suggestions.

Objective The anti-tumor effect by sequential treatment with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain 7793 and 5-FU in liver-metastases mice model was evaluated and immune-active response stimulated by sequential therapy was investigated. Methods Liver metastasis mice model was established by intra-peritoneal injection. The model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, being given PBS (0.1 mL/d,10 d), NDV7793 [512 HU/(kg·d),5 d] and NDV7793[512 HU/(kg·d),5 d] + fluorouracil [5-FU,10 mg/(kg·d),5 d]. The effect on survival time,body weight,liver weight change and the formation of liver metastasis in tumor-bearing mice model were detected after different treatments in evaluating the regression of mice liver metastasis by sequential therapy. The detection of thymus index and IFN-γ concentrations in liver tissue of tumor-bearing mice model may indicate the stimulation of immune-active response by sequential therapy. Results The mean survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with NDV7793 and 5-Fu sequentially was 32 d , which was significantly higher than those of tumor-bearing mice treated with NDV7793(30 d) or PBS injections (17 d), respectively (P< 0.05); The metastatic foci of tumor-bearing mice treated with NDV and 5-FU sequentially (30.60 ± 9.32) which was significantly less than those of tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS injection (273.30 ± 30.73), (P <0.05), seem quite similar to those treated with NDV (24.83 ± 6.90),(P > 0.05), and the liver weight was lighter than PBS (P < 0.05); Compared with NDV treatment, the decreased thymus index and increased amount of the effector IFN γ were observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with NDV 7793 and 5-FU sequentially (P <0.05). Conclusions The sequential therapy with Newcastle disease virus 7793 strain and 5-FU was observed to co-exert a significant suppressive effect in liver metastases of colon cancer cells in tumor-bearing mice model. Compared with NDV treatment , the survival time of mice model and the induction of antitumor effector molecules were significantly improved after sequential therapy.

OBJECTIVEA high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in plasma and successfully applied to study pharmacokinetics after i.v. administration in rabbits.

METHODTwelve rabbits, randomized into 2 groups , were given i.v. at the dose of 4, 6 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Chloramphenicol was used as an internal standard. Nitidine chloride was extracted from plasma with ion pair reagent, and was determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe calibration curves of nitidine chloride was linear in the range of 0.03-2.04 mg x L(-1). Its recoveries were more than 95%, intra-day and inter-day precisions were lower than 6%. The concentration-time curve of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. of 4 and 6 mg x kg(-1) were shown to fit a two-compartment model, the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between the low and high dosage, and the AUC values are directly relative to doses. T1/2alpha were (5.46 +/- 0.89), (4.76 +/- 0.33) min respectively, T1/2beta were (263.33 +/- 16.4), (274.71 +/- 16.52) min respectively, AUC were (46.56 +/- 1.80), (69.19 +/- 2.30) microg x min(-1) x mL(-1) respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in rabbits plasma. The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It is first time to study the pharmacokinetic characters of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. administration, the elimination of nitidine chloride is linear pharmacokinetics.

Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on neonatal rat cardiomyocyte lesion induced by hypoxia.

METHODThe cardiomyocyte of neonatal rats were cultured in vitro and the model of cardiomyocyte hypoxia was established. The cardiomyocyte vitalities were determined by MTT assay, the HIF-1alpha expression levels in myocardial cells was detected by immunohistochemical, the activities of peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured as well.

RESULTAfter the administration of hypoxia for 24 hours, the HIF-1alpha expression in myocardial cells was significantly increased. The LDH level in the culture medium was increased from (93.07 +/- 15.84) U x L(-1) to (750.77 +/- 181.51) U x L(-1) (P < 0.01). The intracellular GSH-Px activity was decreased from (46.96 +/- 8.36) U x mL(-1) to (27.13 +/- 4.76) U x mL(-1) (P < 0.05). Res 25, 50 and 75 micromol x L(-1) could dose-dependently inhibit the raising of the HIF-1alpha expression in myocardial cells induced by hypoxia. The LDH activities were decreased dose-dependently to (486.17 +/- 69.97), (189.43 +/- 32.07), (155.34 +/- 29.57) U x L(-1), respectively (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The GSH-Px activities were increased dose-dependently (33.55 +/- 6.34), (37.67 +/- 6.73), (41.44 +/- 7.91) U x mL(-1) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRes has a protective effect on neonatal rat cardiomyocyte lesion induced by hypoxia.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Hypoxia ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Objective To provide a suggestion for physicians participating clinical research of how to write a clinical trial protocol correctly and standardly in the course of clinical trial design.Methods By exploring clinical trial protocols,we analyzed their common problems in the methodological details and the reporting standards with respect to typical cases.Results The common problems in the clinical trial protocols are:lack of clear outline when selecting the research subject;incorrect selection of research type;lack of comprehensiveness and accuracy of PICO elements;inappropriate application of methodologies in randomization and blinding;absence of statistical analysis plan;incorrect calculation of sample size;non-standard format of the protocol etc.Conclusions Many clinicans do not have enough understanding of the key points in designing the clinical trial and writing the protocol.However,the quality of the clinical trial protocol determines success or failure of the whole study.Therefore,carefully handling the technical details of PICO elements,methodology and statistics application,and writing the protocol in accordance with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporring Trials) 2010 and SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials)2013 Statements,are the key points that each clinical researcher should pay attention to.