The present paper aims to investigate whether or not vasculogenic mimicry (VM) exists in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to elucidate its relationship to microvessel density (MVD), galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression, and clinicopathological factors of patients with LSCC. VM, score of MVD and expression of Gal-3 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in 83 specimens of LSCC tissue and 20 specimens of normal laryngeal tissue. The positive rate of VM in normal laryngeal tissues was 0%, and was 33.7% in LSCC tissues. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). VM or MVD was significantly related to differentiation, pTNM stages and lymph node metastasis of LSCC (P<0.05), but not to age, gender and tumor site (P>0. 05). And there was a positive correlation between every two of VM, score of MVD, and Gal-3 protein (P< 0. 05). The results suggest that expression of Gal-3 protein may be related to the initiation, angiogenesis and VM formation in LSCC; And VM, angiogenesis and Gal-3 protein may be involved in the development, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis

AIM:To elucidate the correlation between the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)/ATP-binding cassette subfaminly G member 2 ( ABCG2 ) and microvessel density ( MVD ) in epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) .METHODS:In 198 specimens of EOC and 60 specimens of ovarian benign epithelial tumor tissues , the protein expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and CD105 ( microvessel marker ) was detected by immunohistochemical staining .RE-SULTS:The positive rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in the EOC were 64.1%and 61.6%, respectively , while the positive rates in benign epithelial tumor tissues were 8.3%and 6.7%, respectively , and there were significant differences between them (P<0.05).In EOC and benign epithelial tumor tissues , the MVD were 22.6 ±9.7 and 5.03 ±3.35, respectively, and the difference was also significant (P<0.05).The expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in EOC was significantly related to differentiation, FIGO stage,and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had correlation with dif-ferentiation, FIGO stage, ascite, and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had positive correla-tion with the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 (P<0.01).There was also a positive correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 ( P<0.01) .Over-expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD≥23 were related to the poor prognosis . The survival rates in ALDH1/ABCG2 positive and MVD≥23 groups were significantly lower than those in ALDH 1/ABCG2 negative and MVD<23 groups (P<0.05).The FIGO stage, the expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD were indepen-dent prognosis factors of EOC ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the expression of ALDH 1/ABCG2 and MVD in EOC are related to differentiation , lymph node metastasis , clinical stage and prognosis .Combined detection of these indexes may play an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of EOC .

Objective To investigate the relationship between Methotrexate (MTX) and its cognitive dysfunction,and to explore the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by MTX.Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats weighting 180-220 g were divided into 3 groups using random number table:control group,60 mg/kg MTX (MTX60) group and 100 mg/kg MTX (MTXt00) group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in MTX60 group,MTX100 group received 60 mg/kg MTX and 100 mg/kg MTX,respectively.The rats in control group accepted the same volume of 9 g/L saline injection as MTX group.Spatial memory of rats was evaluated by using Morris water maze test at different time points after pretreatment with MTX.After the Morris water maze test,the hippocampus were harvested and the expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 12(caspase-12) and cleave cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (cleaved caspase-3) were detected by using Western blot.Meanwhile,cell apoptosis and pathological change of hippocampal neurons were detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and HE staining respectively.Results In the Morris water maze test,the time in platform quadrant of rats in MTX60 group and MTX100 group was shorter than that of rats in control group during probe training [(27.30 ±3.98) s and (21.63 ±4.22) s vs (33.30 ±6.31) s,F =13.94,P ＜0.05],and the time in target quadrant of MTX100 group was shorter than that of MTX60 group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,there were degenerated neurons in hippocampus cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area in MTX60 group and MTX100 group.The number of TUNEL-positive cells of the hippocampus CA1 area increased significantly in MTX60 group and MTX100 group rats [(4.72 ±0.12)％ and (9.12±0.12)％ vs (1.11 ±0.49)％,F=95.272,P ＜0.05],and the TUNEL-positive cells of rats in MTX100 group were more than those of MTX60 group (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of CHOP,caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-3 also increased compared with the control group (CHOP:2.98 ±0.31 and 4.15 ±0.61 vs 0.38 ±0.12,F =232.74,P ＜ 0.05;caspase-12:0.33 ±0.04 and 0.43 ±0.06 vs 0.14 ±0.02,F =120.70,P ＜ 0.05;cleaved caspase-3:0.35 ± 0.04 and 0.44 ± 0.06 vs 0.05 ± 0.03,F =198.64,P ＜ 0.05),and the protein expression levels of rats in MTX100 group were higher than MTX60 group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MTX can induce cognitive impairment in rats,and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated hippocampal neurons apoptosis may play an important role in the mechanism of MTX-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for childhood acute leukemia complicated with streptococcus mitis bacteriaemia and to explore a better therapeutic regimen of antibiotics.Methods Seventy-eight cases of childhood acute leukemia complicated with bacteriaemia hospitalized in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2012 to December 2016 were collected,among them there were 8 cases (10.26％) caused by streptococcus mitis.The susceptible factors,clinical manifestations,drug susceptibility,treatments and outcomes of 8 cases of streptococcus mitis bacteriaemia were summarized and analyzed.Results All of 8 cases were attacked during the agranulocytosis phase lasting for more than 1 week after chemotherapy for acute leukemia.Four cases of them had been exposed to the third-generation cephalosporins for more than 7 days,and 5 cases exposed to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for more than 10 days.The incidence of remittent fever,shiver,stomatitis and pneumonia was 100.0％ (8/8 cases),62.5％ (5/8 cases),62.5％ (5/8 cases) and 62.5％ (5/8 cases),respectively.And severe pneumonia occurred at a rate of 37.5％ (3/8 cases).The sensitivity to Linezolid,Vancomycin,Penicillin and Cefotaxime was 100.0％,100.0％,37.5％ and 25.0％,respectively.Five of the 7 cases treated with Meropenem had a fever 3 days later and then they took Linezolid as a replacement according to the drug sensitivity.One case was treated with Cefoperazone-Sulbactam.The duration time of fever,positive blood culture,agranulocytosis and course of antibiotics therapy was 1-19 d(10.4 d on average),4-22 d(13.4 d on average),10-30 d (21.6 d on average),9-26 d (18.3 d on average),respectively.Among 3 patients with severe pneumonia,1 patient received the respirator assisted ventilation for 1 week.Conclusions Streptococcus mitis is one of the major causes of severe infection among children with acute leukemia.Agranulocytosis after chemotherapy,stomatitis,exposure to PPI and antibiotics may be the risk factors for streptococcus mitis infection.Fever,stomatitis,respiratory and digestive symptoms are the common clinical manifestations.Streptococcus mitis is resistant to Penicillin and Cefotaxime,but sensitive to Linezolid,which can shorten the course of infection and improve the outcomes.Thus,Linezolid may serve as an optional therapy for streptococcemia mitis bacteriaemia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of WWOX and CD133 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC.

METHODSThe expressions of WWOX and CD133 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 174 specimens of CRC tissues and 80 normal colorectal mucosa tissues.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of WWOX and CD133 proteins were 41.4% and 53.4% in CRC tissues, respectively, significantly different from the rates in normal colorectal mucosa tissues (87.5% and 5.0%, respectively; P<0.05). WWOX and CD133 protein expressions were signi- ficantly correlated with the histological grades of the tumors, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and Duke's stages (P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed a negative relationship between the WWOX expression and CD133 expression (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival time of CRC patients with a positive expression of WWOX was longer than that of patients with a negative expression of WWOX; the overall survival time of patients with a positive expression of CD133 was shorter than that of the negative patients (P<0.05). COX regression analysis identified positive expressions of WWOX and CD133 protein and Duke's stage as the independent prognostic factors of CRC.

CONCLUSIONAbnormal expressions of WWOX and CD133 might be involved in the initiation, development, invasion, and metastasis of CRC. A combined detection of WWOX and CD133 can help in predicting the progression and prognosis of CRC.

AC133 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism ; WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism and allopurinol-induced ADR in the Han population of Hainan Province. METHODS:The in-situ hybridization fluorescence staining analysis technique was used to detect HLA-B*5801 allele of 149 inpatients receiving allopurinol in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital during Sept. 2015-Sept. 2017.They were divided into tolerance group and ADR group according to ADR.Woolf's formula was used to calculate OR. The correlation of HLA-B*5801 allele with the occurrence of allopurinol-induced ADR was analyzed. RESULTS:Of 149 patients,there were 133 cases in tolerance group,among which 17.29%(23/133)carried HLA-B*5801 allele.There were 16 cases in ADR group,among which 93.75%(15/16)carried HLA-B*5801 allele. Among 16 ADR patients,13 patients suffered from lesion of skin and its appendents;1 patient suffered from systemic damage;1 patient suffered from gastrointestinal systemic damage;1 patient suffered from central and peripheral nervous system damage. The risk of ADR in patients with HLA-B*5801 allele was significantly higher than patients without HLA-B*5801 allele(OR:71.74,95%CI:9.02-570.55,P<0.000). The lesion of skin and its appendents was strongly associated with HLA-B*5801 allele(OR:57.39,95%CI:7.11-463.50,P<0.000). CONCLUSIONS:HLA-B*5801 allele is strongly associated with allopurinol-induced ADR. It is suggested that HLA-B*5801 allele of Han patients should be detected before taking allopurinol,which helps to reduce the incidence of allopurinol-induced ADR.

Objective To investigate the precipitating factors,clinical manifestations,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and prognoses of children with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during the treatment of hematological diseases,and to improve the understanding of the diseases.Methods A total of 9 children with PRES,admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to December 2016,were chosen.The clinical data,including precipitating factors,clinical manifestations,MRI features and prognoses,were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) Precipitating factors:6 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurred PRES during remission induction therapy (6/9,66.7％) and 3 occurred PRES during oral cyclosporine A after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or autoimmune diseases (3/9,33.3％).(2) Clinical manifestations:all of them were acute onset,and the main symptoms were seizures (8/9,88.9％) and hypertension (7/9,77.8％);some patients suffered from headache,vomiting,visual disturbances,disturbance of consciousness and poor mental symptoms.(3) Features of head MR imaging:the lesions were mainly located in the parietal-occipital lobe,showing patchy long T1 and long T2 signals,and bilateral imperfect symmetry;FLAIR imaging showed high signal distinctly,and other parts of brain could also been involved in.(4) Prognoses:7 children (77.8％) recovered well,one (11.1％) left frequent seizures during 2 years of follow up,one (11.1％) left mental retardation.Conclusion Methotrexate,cyclosporine A and other agents are important incentives in children with PRES during the treatment of hematological diseases;seizures and hypertension are the main clinical manifestations;MR imaging is important in diagnosing the disease;and PRES is not completely reversible.

Objective To analyze the clinical data and head imaging features of perioperative acute ischemic stroke(POAIS)with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to explore the possible risk factors and pathogeneses of it,and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of POAIS.Methods Data of patients with primary NSCLC who underwent lung resection and had POAIS was retrospectively collected,and the clinical data of patients with cerebral infarction of large artery atherosclerosis(LAA)and stroke of undetermined etiology(SUE)was compared.Results There were 25 NSCLC patients with POAIS,some of whom had no history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and the proportion was higher in SUE.The most common excision site was left upper lobe,especially in SUE.The pathological stage and type were mainly early stage and adenocarcinoma.Most patients developed POAIS within 7 days after surgery,and mainly mild to moderate.Middle cerebral artery was the main responsible vessel and most patients'cerebral infarction locations≥3.SUE was the most common type of Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST),followed by LAA type.Compared with SUE,more patients had a history of type 2 diabetes(P=0.006)and higher preoperative fasting glucose level(P=0.013)with LAA type.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the prevention of LAA type cerebral infarction in NSCLC patients with type 2 diabetes or preoperative high fasting glucose level,and antithrombotic regimen is selected according to different etiological mechanisms of POAIS.The formation of pulmonary vein thrombosis after lung resection should be prevented and paid attention to.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expressions of CD133 and CD82/KAI1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma, their association with the clinicopathological factors and their roles in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in the tumor.

METHODSThe expressions of CD133 and CD82/KAI1 and VM were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in 90 specimens of bladder urothelial carcinoma and 20 specimens of normal bladder epithelium tissue.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of CD133, CD82/KAI1 and VM in normal bladder epithelium tissue were 0, 90% and 0, showing significant differences from the rates of 65.6%, 31.1% and 31.1% in urothelial carcinoma, respectively (P<0.01). Positive expressions of CD133, CD82/KAI1 and VM were significantly correlated with pTNM stage and tumor relapse (P<0.01) but not with gender, age, or tumor numbers (P>0.05). CD133 expression was positively correlated with VM (P=0.487, P<0.05), and CD82/KAI1 expression was negatively correlated with VM (r=-0.452, P<0.01) and CD133 (r=-0.776, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of CD133 and CD82/KAI1 proteins are involved in the occurrence of VM in bladder urothelial carcinoma to contribute to the invasion and relapse of bladder carcinoma.

AC133 Antigen ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kangai-1 Protein ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of Snail and Slug in primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and their relationship with KAI1 expression.

METHODSThe expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 154 specimens of CSCC tissues, 50 specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), and 40 specimens of normal cervical tissues.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 expression were 0%, 2.5%, and 95.0% in normal cervical tissues, 32.0%, 34.0% and 64.0% in CIN tissues, and 66.2%, 66.9%, and 43.5% in CSCC tissues, respectively, showing significant differences in the rates among the 3 groups (P<0.05). The expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 were significantly correlated with the histological grades of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages, and postoperative survival time (P<0.05). The expressions of Snail and Slug were positively correlated (r=0.752, P<0.001), and both of them were negatively correlated with the expression of KAI1 (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients positive for Snail and Slug had significantly lower survival rates than the negative patients (P<0.001), while a positive expression of KAI1 was associated with a higher survival rate of the patients. Cox regression analysis identified Snail, KAI1, and FIGO stage as independent factors that affected the outcomes of CSCC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 are related to the tumor grade, FIGO stage, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis of CSCC, and their combined detection can help estimate the outcomes of the patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kangai-1 Protein ; metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Survival Rate ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology