Objective:To explore the change of attentive characteristics and subjective evaluation of mental fatigue un-der the condition of driving simulation.Methods:16 healthy taxi drivers(all males) were involved in this research.The change of attentive characteristics and the self-rating scale for subjective fatigue symptoms were both recorded before and after six-hour driving simulation.Because of the own control design,the drivers' attentive characteristics and self-rating scales were measured again in their off days.Results:There was significant difference in the changes of attentive charac-teristics in the experimental group,but no significant difference in the control group.And there was no significant differ-ence of subjective evaluation either in the experimental group or control group.Conclusion:Under the condition of driv-ing simulation,the attentive characteristics of drivers were changed,say,they were impaired,even though they did not per-ceive the feelings of fatigue.

Objective: To develop the continuous adding test for Nationwide Conscription.Method: The computer-based continuous adding test was developed and was administered to 24019 recruited young people among China and 1900 new recruits. When the 3-month-depot training finished, the 228 supervisors of the soldiers were investigated on the soldiers' working performance based on intelligence. Through the data, the test mode and cut-off scores were developed, and the reliability and validity was analyzed. Results: the cut-off scores were that finishing 26 items successfully in 120 seconds and the correct rate was higher than 30%. The retest reliability was 0.78 and the academic statues and the predicting congruence rate of the test was 94.7%.Conclusion:The continuous adding test was applicable as one of enlistee's primary qualification test.

Objective:To confirm the least practice times to eliminate the practice effect in the Working Memory Test Method: Four volunteers from college students practiced the Working Memory Test many times in two consecutive days Their scores were analyzed Result:Comparing their results before and after practice, there were significant practice effects with two types, three levels In order to eliminate these effects, the practice times before formal test was no less than 18 Conclusion:Practice effect is one of the factors affecting the results of the Working Memory Test, which can be eliminate after at least 18 times practice

Objective: To explore the effect of 32h sleep deprivation on the ability of mental rotation. Methods: During 32h sleep deprivation, 8 healthy male college students were tested polygon mental rotation tests and POMS tests at 0800?2000?2400?0200?0400?0600?1000 and 1400 hour. Results: During sleep deprivation, the performance of polygon mental rotation test was decreasing significantly and it reached the bottom on SD24 (p

Objective: To investigate psychopathology and diagnostic efficiency with MMPI-2 in patients with stress disorder (SD). Methods: MMPI-2s were administered to twenty-nine patients with acute stress disorder (ASD), fourteen patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and forty-four well-adjusted trauma survivors. Results: Patients with ASD obtained significantly higher scores on F, Fb, Fp, Pa, Pt, Sc and Ma and lower on K, S than controls. PTSD patients scored significantly higher on F, Fb, Fp, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt and Sc and lower on S than controls. There were significant differences in scores of Hs, D and Hy between patients with ASD and with PTSD. M678 code type was found as the mean profile for SD patients. Discriminate analysis indicated that Pa and Sc were the most important variables and it successfully classified 83.9% and 72.0% respectively in training sample and cross-validation sample. Conclusion: Patients with SD and trauma survivors show significantly different psychopathology and there were also differences between patients with ASD and with PTSD. MMPI-2 scales especially Pa and Sc were sensitive to posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Objective: To study caffeine and/or placebo implication as countermeasures during sleep deprivation (SD). Methods: A double-blind, within-subjects and counterbalanced design was employed and five trials were conducted. Subjects were exposed to 30h SD in each trial. No medicine was administrated in control trial while placebo 200mg, caffeine 200mg, caffeine 400mg and the combination of caffeine (200mg) and placebo (200mg) were administered, respectively in the other trials. Letter Cancellation Test was used to assess the alertness. Result: The correct concealing numbers per minute (CCNM) of the combination of caffeine and placebo (62.36?7.31/min), caffeine 400mg(55.88?6.54/min) and caffeine 200mg (59.48?6.52/min) were more than that of control(46.80?5.35 /min), P0.05). Conclusion: Caffeine and the combination of caffeine and placebo expectation can increase alertness.

Objective: To study the relationship between personality type and risky decision-making.Methods: By means of cluster sampling, 210 undergraduate students from military school were investigated with MBTI-G personality type scale and self-made decision-making scale. We randomly divided 210 undergraduate participants into two groups. The first group (N=109) received a positive format, the second (N=101) a negative format.Results:First, in positive framing, the results of analysis in dimensions of Sensing-Intuition and Thinking-Feeling revealed a significant relationship between option and personality types. In negative faming, the results of analysis in dimensions of personality types indicated that options appeared to be independent of the personality types. Second, the preferences for the risky option of the subjects scoring highly on Introversion, Sensing, Feeling and Perceiving were almost the same as that for the safe option in the positive framing, their preferences for the risky option were significantly more obvious than that for the safe option in the negative framing. Subjects scoring highly on Thinking and Judging were likely to prefer the risky option in both positive and negative framing, their preferences for the risky option were more distinct in the negative frame(?2=4.39,P=0.036;?2=10.47,P=0.001). The analyses in Extraversion and Intuition indicated that options appeared to be independent of the personality type. Conclusion: Personality type is related to decision-making behavior and is predictor of risk-taking.

In the researches of space flight,studies of the effects of microgravity on visual orientation were relatively few.This paper reviews recent progress on this topic.It surveys the spatial orientation problems encountered in spaceflight including 0-G inversion illusions,visual reorientation illusions,EVA height vertigo,and spatial memory problems described by astronauts.A vector model for sensory cue interaction was briefly described.

Objective: To study the effect of 30-min nap at three low points of the rhythm during 40-hours sleep deprivation on continuous adding. Methods: Eight young subjects with normal sleep-wake habits were subjected to nap and total sleep deprivation conditions at an interval of 2 weeks. The whole experiment was from 6:00 of the first day to 22:00 of the second day, totally 40 hours. There were three times of nap which lasted 30 min every time, 13:00(the first day), 1:00 and 13:00(the second day). Continuous adding was given separately at the time before experiment,13:00 and 18:00 of the first day, 1:00,6:00,13:00,18:00 and 22:00 of the second day.and 2 days after the experiment;reaction times and wrong numbers were recorded. Results: Whether sleep deprivation with or without naps, the reaction time was prolonged.Compared with total sleep deprivation, the reaction time was shortened significantly at SD24, SD31 and SD40 when naps were introduced. Whether sleep deprivation with or without naps, the number of wrong answers did not change. Conclusion:Nap has positive effects during sleep deprivation.

Objective: To find out some clues in the personality types of Chinese dental school applicants and provide useful information in the cross-culture research between western and eastern countries, and supply guidance for Chinese educators.Methods:The Chinese version of MBTI (Form G) was used to test the personality styles of 332 dental school applicants from the mainland of China, and the personality styles of dental school applicants between Chinese and English were compared. Results:In mental aptitude, the percentage of introversion (I) type in Chinese samples (56.8)was higher than Extroversion (E) type(43.2), while it was contrary in English samples (15.7 vs. 84.3)and the difference was significant (?~2=111.49, P