OBJECTIVE: To probe into the status quo of hospital pharmacy practice in Japan and to provide reference for the further improvement of hospital pharmacy model in China.METHODS: Hospital pharmacy practice in affiliated hospital of Nippon Medical School was introduced,and the development of hospital pharmacy practice in Japan in the past few decades was also investigated.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: There is still a certain gap in the level of hospital pharmacy between China and Japan,so it is particularly important to improve hospital pharmacy system in China by the means of defining the pharmacist's responsibility and obligation,etc.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for safe and effective use of anti-infective agents in the clinic. METHODS:The utilization of anti-infective agents in hematology department of our hospital from 2009 to 2013 was analyzed statistically using con-sumption sum,DDDs,the ratio of the serial number (the ratio of the serial number of consumption sum to the serial number of DDDs),DDC. RESULTS:There were 5 kinds of anti-infective agents,such as β-lactam and its compound preparations,antifungal drugs,fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide. From 2009 to 2013,the percentage of anti-infective agents with the ratio of serial num-bers≥1 were 70%,60%,70%,60%,65%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:From 2009 to 2013,the utilization of anti-infective agents in hematology department of our hospital is rational on the whole. However,the cheaper drugs with good synchronism should be used.

AIM:To investigate the alteration of cardiac M3 receptor and its relationship with arrhythmias in various arrhythmic models.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,aconitine,BaCl2 and ischemia.In the later three groups,arrhythmias were induced by treatment with aconitine,BaCl2 and coronary artery occlusion,respectively.The arrhythmias were recorded for 1 h.Western blotting was then used to detect M3 receptor contents.RESULTS:Arrhythmias were all induced in each group.In aconitine-induced arrhythmias,duration of arrhythmias and arrhythmia score were significantly increased than those in other two model groups.Western blotting showed that the expression of M3 receptor upregulated 2.3,1.4 and 1.3 folds respectively,more abundant in various arrhythmic groups than that in the normal control.Moreover,M3 receptor expression in aconitine group increased significantly than that in BaCl2 and ischemia group.The arrhythmias and M3 receptor protein expressions in myocytes were positively correlated.CONCLUSION:Arrhythmias upregulate the expression of cardiac M3 receptor.The upregulating levels of M3 receptor proteins diverge strikingly in different arrhythmic models.It is probably that the diversity of increase in M3 receptor is positive related to severity of ventricular arrhythmias.

Aim To observe the protective effects of choline and pilocarpine,the M3 receptor agonists,on the arrhythmias of Wistar rats induced by barium chloride.Methods Barium chloride was used to induce the experimental arrhythmias of Wistar rats.Choline,pilocarpine,and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide (4-DAMP),the selective antagonist of M3 receptor,were used to explore the effects of M3 receptor on the arrhythmias induced by barium chloride.The occurence and the severity of arrhythmias were observed.Results Choline 10 mg?kg-1 and pilocarpine 0.2 mg?kg-1 inhibited the occurence of arrhythmias,shortened the duration of arrhythmias (P