To study the prevention of dauricine (Dau) on bradykinin (BK) induced alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau phosphorylation, fluorescence spectrophotometer with dual excitation was utilized to measure the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), MTT to detect cell viability and immuncytochemistry to examine tau phosphorylation. The results showed (1) cells treated with BK 1 μmol/L induced a transit increase in [Ca2+]i in all the cell lines detected, among them, the sustained increase of [Ca2+]i level was only seen in PS1Δ9/APPswe cell at 2 h and 24 h after the treatment. Dau (3μmol/L or 6 μmol/L) prevented BK-induced transit and sustained elevation and fluctuation of [Ca2+]i;(2) BK treatment decreased the cell metabolism detected at 2 h in PS1Δ9/APPswe and Dau antagonized the effect; (3) BK induces Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 epitope and Dau partially antagonized this effect. In conclusion,Dau inhibits BK-induced disturbance in intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 sites.

Abstract Myopia is a complex disease influenced by multiple factors, and its prevention and control require a thorough identification and monitoring of its risk factors. The paper examines the defocus characteristics of the visual environment and their association with myopia among children and adolescents, and further describes their role in the prevention and control of myopia, as well as analyses the limitations of the current study and proposes directions for further research. Finally, the paper calls attention to the etiological significance of the defocus characteristics in the visual environment during the development of myopia among children and adolescents, which could provide a scientific basis for optimizing the learning environment and designing other measures to promote myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Objective: To explore the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 middle school students from Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Bengbu of Anhui Province, Xinxiang of Henan Province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, and Yangjiang of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using the multi-stage cluster convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic information, health literacy, second-hand smoke exposure, and psychopathological symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Results: The age of students was (15.36±1.79) years old, of which 10 990 were boys, accounting for 48.6% of total students. The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms in those who were exposed to second-hand smoke was 38.1% (2 401/6 304), which was higher than that in the non-second-hand smoke exposure group [25.6% (4 180/16 324)] (P<0.001). The OR (95%CI) of the interaction between medium and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure was 1.19 (1.15-1.24), 2.00 (1.92-2.10) and 1.59 (1.52-1.66), respectively. Conclusion There was a positive interaction between middle and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students.

Objective To examine the association of health literacy (HL) and screen time (ST) with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students, and to provide guidance for prevention on self-injuries in adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determinate the prevalence of dating violence perpetration and victimization and to examine its relationship with childhood abuse among medical college students. Methods: Cluster sampling survey was carried out among 3 727 freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges from Anhui Province. Information with general demographic variables, childhood abuse and dating violence was obtained. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship of different types of childhood abuse and dating violence after controlled for confounding factors. Results: The rate of dating violence perpetration and victimization was 37.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Female students had higher childhood emotional abuse experience (61.9%) than male students (51.6%), while male students had higher childhood physical and sexual abuse (28.2% and 19.4%) than females (24.3% and 10.5%) (χ2=33.84，6.33，52.97，P<0.01). Results showed that increased dating violence perpetration [OR(95%CI)=1.71(1.48-1.98),1.55(1.33-1.82),1.75(1.43-2.15)]and victimization [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.43-2.16),1.59(1.34-1.87),1.62(1.32-2.00)](P<0.01) among individuals with physical, emotional and sexual abuse after controlling for confounding variables. No gender difference was found within other groups in the relationship between childhood abuse and dating violence(P>0.05). Conclusion Childhood abuse experiences are associated with higher risk of dating violence perpetration and victimization among college students. Reducing childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of dating violence among medical college students.

Objective: To analyze research hot spots and trends on myopia in children and adolescents in China, and to provide a reference for the future development of this research field. Methods: Using CiteSpace software, 725 eligible Chinese documents published over a 22 year period were sourced from CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Chinese databases, were analyzed during 2000-2021. The data were visualized by a keyword co occurrence map, and clustering, as well as burst and author cooperative networks. Results: The research field of myopia in children and adolescents in China had undergone three stages:an initial formation period, development period and rapid growth period, and it was expected that the annual number of papers will maintain an increasing trend in the future. "Myopia" "adolescents" "children" and "students" were the most frequent keywords(667, 535, 288, 47). The keyword burst "adolescents" started the earliest, and "students" had the largest burst strength and duration. Zhang Ning, Tang Wenting, Tao Fangbiao, Yang Xiao and others have made important contributions to this research field. Conclusion In recent years, the research focus in this field has gradually shifted toward the influencing factors, as well as prevention and treatment measures of child and adolescent myopia. The trend of myopia in young children and adolescents is obvious. In the future, research on the prevention, control and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents will become a hot spot.

Abstract The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents has increased in recent years, with an earlier onset trend. During the same time, sleep problems are prevalent in children and adolescents, including insufficient sleep duration and delayed sleep timing. Sleep, as a cyclical life activity influenced by the circadian rhythm, plays an important role in eye growth and refractive development. This review examines the associations between sleep, circadian rhythm, and occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents across human and animal studies, and discusses the underlying biological processes, so as to offer scientific justification for the prevention of myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective: To explore the association between the health literacy (HL) and smoking behaviors in middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, middle school students in Shenyang City of Liaoning Province, Bengbu City of Anhui Province, Xinxiang City of Henan Province, Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing City and Yangjiang City of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 23 137 questionnaires were issued and 22 628 questionnaires were valid. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HL and smoking behaviors. The low, middle, and high-level group were classified according to the tertile of HL score. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to explore the association between the HL and smoking behaviors. Results: The age of subjects was (15.4±1.8) years old, and HL score was (104.1±18.7) points. The proportion of former smoking, recent smoking and passive smoking was 9.2% (2 071), 2.8% (635) and 27.9% (6 304), respectively. The proportion of former smokers who tried to quit smoking was 50.1% (1 037/2 071). Compared to the high-level HL, the low-level HL increased the risk of former smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.85 (1.61−2.13)], recent smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.68 (1.33−2.14)] and passive smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.34 (1.23−1.46)], and decreased the likelihood of smoking cessation [OR (95%CI): 0.70 (0.53−0.92)], after adjusting for the gender, school type, registered residence, household structure, accommodation type, educational level of patients, and self-reported family economic status. Conclusion The HL of middle school students was related to their smoking behaviors.

Objective: To explore the association between health literacy and drinking behaviors among middle school students in six provinces of China, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of drinking behaviors. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 students were enrolled from Ulanqab, Shenyang, Xinxiang, Bengbu, Chongqing and Yangjiang by multistage stratified cluster sampling method. And a questionnaire survey was conducted among them to collect demographic information, health literacy and drinking behaviors. Rates on drinking behaviors were compared in students with specific characteristics. Multiple Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between health literacy and drinking behaviors. Results: The proportion of ever drinking, current drinking, binge drinking, drunkenness was 60.0%(13 580), 16.8%(3 799), 5.9%(1 344) and 9.9%(2 250), respectively. After adjusting for gender, grade, family address, siblings, accommodation type, parental educational level, and self reported family income, compared to the high level health literacy, the low level health literacy was significantly associated with ever drinking (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.62-1.91), current drinking(OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.23-1.52), binge drinking (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.18-1.63), and drunkenness(OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.47-1.92), respectively(P<0.01). Conclusion Health literacy of middle school students was related to drinking behaviors. The occurrence of health risk behaviors such as drinking can be prevented and reduced by improving students health literacy level.

Objective: To develop the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (AMHLAQ), and to evaluate its reliability and validity among undergraduates. Methods: On the basis of the definition of mental health literacy (MHL) and the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) theory, this study constructed a total of 36 items consisting of four dimensions, and scores were measured according to a five point Likert type scale. Using a cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 826 freshmen and sophomore students from two medical schools in Anhui Province. The items were screened by performing t tests, Pearson s correlation coefficient analysis and factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using indicators including homogeneity reliability, the split half reliability coefficient, and construct validity. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the AMHLAQ consisted of 22 questions grouped into four domains. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 62.213%. The reliability result showed that the Cronbach s alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.897, the split half reliability was 0.800, the Cronbach s coefficient of each dimension was 0.796 to 0.885, the split half reliability of each dimension was 0.725 to 0.846, and the indicators had a high level of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good ( χ 2/df =19.319, P <0.01; RMSEA=0.069). Conclusion AMHLAQ is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics, has good reliability and validity, and can be used to estimate the level of MHL among undergraduates.