Objective To investigate the protective effects of different Chinese medical treatments on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods 60 SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: a sham-operated group, a model group, a removing phlegm and enlarging chest group, an activating blood and dissolving stasis group, and a treating both phlegm and blood stasis group. The model of MI/RI of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats. Serum contents of LDH-L, CK were measured , TNF-αand ICAM-1 expressions in myocardium were determined with immunohistochemistry and myocardial ultrastructure at the ischemia region was observed with the transmission electron microscope after myocardial reperfusion injury. Results Compared with the model group, LDH-LXK and TNF-αICAM-1 levels were lower, myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved in all the other four groups treated by different Chinese medicine (P<0.01 or P<0.05), especially in the group treating both phlegm and stasis. Conclusion The removing phlegm and enlarging chest method, activating blood and dissolving stasis method, treating both phlegm and blood stasis method can protect myocardium from M1/R1, especially the method of treating both phlegm and blood stasis.

Objective To investigate the influence of Tanyu-Tongzhi (TYTZ)recipe on Rho/Rho kinase signal transduction pathway of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in high fat-fed rats.Methods 60 SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly,a sham-operated group,a model group,a western medicine control group,a high-dose group and a low-dose group of TYTZ recipe.The model of ischemia reperfusion of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats.The downstream substrates of ROCK myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation expression of myocardial tissues in rats were detected by Western blotting method.The levels of RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ mRNA were determined with RT-PCR.Results Compared with the model group,the expression of p-MLC and RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ mRNA were lower in low-dose group of TYTZ,there were significant differences between the two groups(P=0.004、0.003、0.018、0.004,P＜0.01).Conclusion The TYTZ Recipe can protect myocardium from MI/RI.The mechanism of action was related to its inhibiting the protein expression of RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ and p-MLC,restraining the activation of Rho/Rho kinase signal transduction pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on miRNA-106b in Alzheimer′s disease ( AD ) animal model.Methods Fifty Kunming male mice were divided into five groups by completely randomized block sampling.The five groups included three dosage resveratrol groups , an AD model group and a control group.The AD models were established in one month prior to treatments. Subsequently, from the 31st day various doses of resveratrol were provided intragastricly for 60 days.Then the memory function was observed by the step-down test.Meanwhile, the varying expressions of APP , P62, ApoA1, miRNA-106b, ABCA1 were tested in each group to determine whether there is the binding site for miRNA-106b in APP 3′UTR sequence.Results Compared with the control group by step-down test, the memory function of the AD model group mice decreased in different degree , which in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05).Compared with the AD group, the expression of APP (1.131 ±0.035) in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (0.652 ± 0.026), while the P62 (0.412 ±0.022) and ApoA1 (0.534 ±0.032) were lower than the model group ( all P<0.05 ).High and medium dose groups of resveratrol treatment reduced varying degrees of APP (0.733 ±0.018,0.929 ±0.019,F=177.733) levels, and increased P62(0.954 ±0.035,0.633 ±0.015, F=434.5 ) and ApoA1 ( 1.042 ±0.051, 0.824 ±0.034, F=286.582 ) levels ( all P<0.05 ).The expression of miRNA-106b (0.464 ±0.313) and ABCA1(0.293 ±0.042) in the model group was lower than that in the control group (miRNA-106b 1.064 ±0.032, F=238.159; ABCA1 0.781 ±0.027,F=341.61;both P<0.05).The miRNA-106b (0.843 ±0.034, 0.601 ±0.012) and ABCA1 (0.882 ± 0.025, 0.624 ±0.036) levels in the high, medium dose resveratrol treatment groups increased to different extent ( both P<0.05 ).After the drug treatment , luciferase reporter vector experiments showed that the APP 3′UTR sequence contains the binding site of miRNA-106b.Conclusions APP is one of the target genes of miRNA-106b.Resveratrol is capable of improving AD by enhancing the expression of miRNA-106b and down-regulating the target genes including APP , P62 and ApoA1.This provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on myocardium ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

METHOD36 SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, sham-operated group, model group, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group. The model of MI/RI of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats. Serum contents of LDH-L, CK were measured, the levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured and myocardial ultrastructure at the ischemia region was observed under the transmission electron microscope after myocardial reperfusion injury.

RESULTCompared with model group, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower, myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved in Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group (P < 0.01), however, serum contents of LDH-L and CK no significant difference were found among the model group and Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group.

CONCLUSIONXuefu Zhuyu decoction can protect myocardium from MI/RI, the mechanism of action was related to inhibiting inflammatory reaction and reducing arrhythmia and the injury of the myocardial ultrastructure.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a group of cells with immunoregulatory function. They can regulate the progression of diseases by inhibiting excessive inflammatory responses and serve as critical protective cells in immune disorders and other conditions. This article reviewed the source, function and mechanism of Bregs and its role in autoimmune diseases, infection and tumor.

Objective To explore the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma and their clinical significance. Methods Fifty-eight cases of osteosarcoma encountered from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled. The expression levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 were detected through immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). Results PD-1 was positively expressed in 31 (53.4%) cases and negatively expressed in 27 (46.6%) cases. CTLA-4 was positively expressed in 19 (32.8%) cases and negatively expressed in 39 (67.2%) cases. A total of 12 (20.7%) cases were PD-1 and CTLA-4 double positive, whereas 20 (34.5%) cases were double negative, and 26 (44.8%) cases were single positive. The positive expression of PD-1 was correlated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor metastasis and relapse, and shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The positive expression of CTLA-4 was partly related with late Ennecking stage (P=0.051). Double positive expression was related to the highest tumor metastasis and relapse rates and the worst prognosis (P < 0.05), compared with double negative and single positive expression. Conclusion Positive expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma is associated with worse prognosis, whereas double positive expression is associated with the highest tumor relapse and metastasis rates and shortest survival time. These results are potential valuable references for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.

LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a special phagocytosis occurring at the intersection of the two pathways of phagocytosis and autophagy. A hallmark event of the LAP process is the recruitment of microtubule-associated proteinⅠlight chain type 3-Ⅱ(LC3Ⅱ) to the phagosome surface of the monolayer membrane structure. The LAP pathway relies on the functions of the RUN domain and cysteine-rich domain containing, Beclin 1-interacting protein (Rubicon) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The LC3-associated phagosome (LAPosome) binds to the lysosome to digest and degrade the contents. In recent years, increasing studies have found that LAP plays an important role in the infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms including fungi and bacteria. LAP is a crucial way in the host to resist and degrade the infection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, some pathogenic microorganisms can effectively escape from LAP in the host and even use LAPosome as a place for colonization and replication. This article summarized the recent progress in the role of LAP in host defense against pathogenic microorganism infection and the significance of it in the occurrence and development of diseases.

Objective To explore the role and efficacy of VEGF and HGF gene adenovirus vector in promoting angiogenesis in ischemic tissue.Methods 84 Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham group,control group,VEGF group,HGF group and VEGF+HGF group,and the left lower limb ischemia model was established.The blood supply of ischemic tissue was observed by rheometer,and the expression levels of VEGF and HGF in each group were detected by Western Blot and ELISA.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect angiogenesis(CD31,SMA)in ischemic tissues.Safety was assessed by side effects during treatment in mice.Results After the successful modeling,the blood flow velocity of the left lower limb in each group decreased significantly.On the 7th day after operation,the blood flow of the left lower limb in each group was significantly better than that on the 0th day after operation(P<0.05),and the blood flow of the left lower limb in Ad-VEGF-HGF group was significantly better than that in other groups(P<0.05).On the 28th day after operation,the blood flow of the left lower limb in Ad-VEGF-HGF group gradually stabilized,the blood flow in Ad-VEGF-HGF group was significantly better than that in other groups,and both VEGF group and HGF group were significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).On the 7th,14th,and 28th days following surgery,HGF and VEGF protein levels in the Ad-HGF,Ad-VEGF,and Ad-VEGF-HGF groups were substantially greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).The expression level in the Ad-VEGF-HGF group peaked on the 14th day(all P<0.001)and subsequently declined to preoperative levels on the 28th day after operation.Conclusion Ad-VEGF-HGF gene injection can effectively boost VEGF and HGF protein expression and rapidly reach the relative peak level,encour-aging angiogenesis after lower limb ischemia,increasing blood flow,and improving lower limb circulation.